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Verbena (view source)

Revision as of 20:43, 21 October 2009

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Verbenaceae
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|genus=Verbena
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|common_name=Verbena
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
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|image=Upload.png
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|min_zone=4
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|image=Verbena Purple 1.JPG
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Purple Verbena
 
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}}
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'''''Verbena''''' ('''Verbena''' or '''Vervain''') is a genus of [[annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants with about 250 species in the family [[Verbenaceae]]. The majority of the species are native to the [[New World]] from [[Canada]] south to southern [[Chile]], but some are also native in the [[Old World]], mainly in [[Europe]] including ''V. officinalis, V. supina''.
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are usually opposite, simple, and in many species hairy, often densely so. The [[flower]]s are small, white, pink, purple or blue, with five petals, and borne in dense spikes.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Verbena (ancient Latin name of the common European vervain, V. officinalis). Verbenaceae. Annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, which are diffuse or sometimes creeping, some of them common flower-garden plants and sometimes grown in the greenhouse.
 
Verbena (ancient Latin name of the common European vervain, V. officinalis). Verbenaceae. Annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, which are diffuse or sometimes creeping, some of them common flower-garden plants and sometimes grown in the greenhouse.
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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A very easily grown plant, it succeeds in any moderately fertile well-drained but moisture retentive soil in a sunny position{{pfaf1}} {{pfaf200}}. Plants are very tolerant of neglect and will maintain themselves for a number of years even when growing in dense weed competition{{pfafK]. Self-sows freely when growing in a suitable position{{pfafK]. The growing plant attracts butterflies and moths{{pfaf30].
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| name = ''Verbena''
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| image = Verbena simplex.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = Narrow-leafed Vervain (''Verbena simplex'')
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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| familia = [[Verbenaceae]]
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| genus = '''''Verbena'''''
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text
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}}
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''This article is about the plant. For other meanings, see [[Verbena (disambiguation)]].''
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The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist soil. The plant can tolerates strong winds but not maritime exposure{{pfaf}}.
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'''''Verbena''''' ('''Verbena''' or '''Vervain''') is a genus of [[annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants with about 250 species in the family [[Verbenaceae]]. The majority of the species are native to the [[New World]] from [[Canada]] south to southern [[Chile]], but some are also native in the [[Old World]], mainly in [[Europe]] including ''V. officinalis, V. supina''.
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===Propagation===
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Seed - sow early spring in a greenhouse and only just cover the seed{{pfaf}}. Germination should take place within 3 weeks. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots once they are large enough to handle and plant them out in early summer. If you have sufficient seed, it can also be sown in situ in late spring. Division in spring. Larger divisions can be planted out direct into their permanent positions. We have found that it is best to pot up smaller divisions and grow them on in light shade in a greenhouse or cold frame until they are growing away well. Plant them out in the summer or the following spring. Basal cuttings in early summer. Harvest the shoots with plenty of underground stem when they are about 8 - 10cm above the ground. Pot them up into individual pots and keep them in light shade in a cold frame or greenhouse until they are rooting well. Plant them out in the summer{{pfaf}}.
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are usually opposite, simple, and in many species hairy, often densely so. The [[flower]]s are small, white, pink, purple or blue, with five petals, and borne in dense spikes.
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===Pests and diseases===
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<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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;Selected species
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==Species==
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Selected species
 
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===Diseases===
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==Gallery==
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{{Main|List of verbena diseases}}
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
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[[Image:Verbena Purple 1.JPG|left|thumb|Purple Verbena]]
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==Uses and legends==
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Vervain is believed to be a [[galactagogue]]{{Fact|date=July 2007}}.
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Folk legend states that vervain ([[Common Vervain]] ''V. officinalis'') was used to stanch [[Jesus|Jesus's]] wounds after his removal from the [[crucifix|cross]]. Legends also state that vervain is used to protect people from [[vampires]]. It says that mixing it in an herbal tea, keeping it near you, and using oil extracted from it in a bath can protect you.
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===Herbal Medicine===
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{{Unreferencedsection|date=July 2007}}
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Vervain can be chopped finely and boiled with water to make tea.  The tea has been used as a herbal remedy for insomnia at night and for general ailments during the day.  
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;Vervain Tea Recipes
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''FEVER REDUCER''<br />
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2 tsp dried [[Catnip]]<br />
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1 tsp dry Vervain<br />
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Pour 2 cups boiling water over herbs. Steep 10 minutes & strain. <br />
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<br />
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''INSOMNIA''<br />
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1 ½ oz dried Vervain leaves<br />
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1 oz [[Chamomile]]<br />
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½ oz [[Spearmint]]<br />
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<br />
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Mix all and add to 1 cup boiling water. Steep 8 minutes; strain.<br /><br />
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''RELAXANT''<br />
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1 ½ oz dried Vervain leaves<br />
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1 oz [[Valerian root]]<br />
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½ oz Devils Hoof or [[Juniper]]<br />
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<br />
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Allow to steep for 20 mins, use hot but NOT boiling water else you will destroy the active ingredient in the Valerian.<br />
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Strain, then drink 20 mins before bedtime.
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==See also==
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<gallery>
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{{Commons|Verbena}}
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Image:Verbena simplex.jpg|Narrow-leafed Vervain (''Verbena simplex'')
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[[Lemon verbena]]
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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[[Category:Verbenaceae]]
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==References==
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[[Category:Garden plants]]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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[[Category:Flowers]]
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*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Verbena+officinalis Plants for a Future]
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{Lamiales-stub}}
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__
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