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Bromus (view source)

Revision as of 01:40, 4 March 2010

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Poaceae
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| name = ''Bromus''
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|genus=Bromus
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| image = Bromus sterilis.jpeg
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|taxo_author=Scop.
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| image_width = 240px
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|habit=grass
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| image_caption = [[Barren Brome]], ''Bromus sterilis''
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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|image=Bromus sterilis.jpeg
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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|image_width=240
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| ordo = [[Poales]]
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|image_caption=Barren Brome, Bromus sterilis
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| familia = [[Poaceae]]
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| genus = '''''Bromus'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =  
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About 160, see text.
   
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}}
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'''''Bromus''''' is a large [[genus]] of the grass family [[Poaceae]] with about 160 species.  Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400.
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Commonly known as brome grasses, ''Bromus'' species occur in many habitats in temperate regions of the world, including North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa.  There is a wide variety between some species, while the morphological differences between others are subtle and difficult to distinguish.  The genus ''Bromus'' is distinguished from other grass genera by the combination of several morphological characteristics, including leaf sheaths that are closed (connate) for most of their length, apicals that are usually inserted subapically, and hairy appendages on the [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]].  The [[Leaf|leaves]] and sheaths can be hairless, sparsely hairy or hairy. The [[inflorescence]] is a loose or open [[panicle]], usually drooping or nodding, sometimes spreading (as in [[Japanese Brome]]).
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{{Inc|
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Bromus (ancient Greek name for the pat). Gramineae. Brome-grass. Annual or perennial grasses with large, usually awned spikelets in panicles.
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'''''Bromus''''' is a large [[genus]] of the grass family [[Poaceae]] with about 160 species. Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400.  
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Spikelets several-fld. ; lemmas convex or keeled, 5-9- nerved, usually 2-toothed at apex and awned from between the teeth, sometimes awn less, the awn usually straight. — Species about 100, mostly in the north temperate zone.
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The genus contains a few forage grasses and several annual species that have been intro. into the U. S., especially on the Pacific coast, where they have become troublesome weeds. Among the weedy annual species may be mentioned B. secalinus, Linn., chess or cheat, with smooth sheaths, drooping panicles of ovate short- awned spikelets, the lemmas convex and smooth; B. commulatus, Schrad., resembling the preceding but the sheaths hairy; B. mollis, Linn. Resembles chess, from which it differs by its hairiness and more erect panicle; B. vittosus, Forsk., with large few-fld. spikelets, the awns about 2 in. long; B. tectorum, Linn., delicate, slender spikelets in drooping panicles the awns 6-7 lines long; B. rubens, Linn., with erect compact panicles of purple spikelets, the awn 9-11 lines long. The last 3 are especially abundant in Calif. Cheat is used for hay in Ore.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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== Description ==
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Commonly known as brome grasses, ''Bromus'' species occur in many habitats in temperate regions of the world, including North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa.  There is a wide variety between some species, while the morphological differences between others are subtle and difficult to distinguish.  As such, the taxonomy of the genus is complicated.  The genus ''Bromus'' is distinguished from other grass genera by the combination of several morphological characteristics, including leaf sheaths that are closed (connate) for most of their length, apicals that are usually inserted subapically, and hairy appendages on the [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]].  The [[Leaf|leaves]] and sheaths can be hairless, sparsely hairy or hairy. The [[inflorescence]] is a loose or open [[panicle]], usually drooping or nodding, sometimes spreading (as in [[Japanese Brome]]).
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The [[caterpillar]]s of some [[Lepidoptera]] use ''Bromus'' as a foodplant, e.g. the [[Chequered Skipper]] (''Carterocephalus palaemon'').
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===Pests and diseases===
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== Taxonomy ==
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[[Taxonomy|Taxonomists]] have generated various classification schemes to reflect the morphological variation that is seen in ''Bromus''.  In North America, five [[section (botany)|section]]s are generally recognized: sect. Bromus, sect. Genea, sect. Ceratochloa, sect. Neobromus, and sect. Brompsis.  Sections Bromus and Genea are native to the Old World (Eurasia), but many species are introduced into North America.  Sections Bromopsis, Neobromus, and Ceratochloa have several native species in North America.
      
== Species ==  
 
== Species ==  
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In North America, five [[section (botany)|section]]s are generally recognized: sect. Bromus, sect. Genea, sect. Ceratochloa, sect. Neobromus, and sect. Brompsis.  Sections Bromus and Genea are native to the Old World (Eurasia), but many species are introduced into North America.  Sections Bromopsis, Neobromus, and Ceratochloa have several native species in North America.
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*''Bromus aleutensis'' - [[Aleutian Brome]]
 
*''Bromus aleutensis'' - [[Aleutian Brome]]
 
*''Bromus alopecuros'' - [[Weedy Brome]]
 
*''Bromus alopecuros'' - [[Weedy Brome]]
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*''Bromus willdenowii'' - Rescue Brome
 
*''Bromus willdenowii'' - Rescue Brome
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== External links ==  
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==Gallery==
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{{commonscat|Bromus}}
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* [http://www.bayercropscience.co.uk/output.aspx?sec=692&con=695 Brome grasses UK]
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<gallery perrow=5>
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* [http://utc.usu.edu/keys/Bromus/Bromus.html Interactive Key to Bromus of North America]
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Grasses]]
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{{stub}}
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