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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Lima bean
| image = Lima_beans.jpg
| image_caption = Lima beans
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
| tribus = [[Phaseoleae]]
| genus = ''[[Phaseolus]]''
| species = '''''P. lunatus'''''
| binomial = ''Phaseolus lunatus''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Phaseolus lunatus''''' is a [[legume]]. It is grown for its seed, which is eaten as a vegetable. It is commonly known as the '''lima bean''' or '''butter bean''', it is also known as ''Haba bean'', ''Pallar bean'', ''Burma bean'', ''Guffin bean'', ''Hibbert bean'', ''Java bean'', ''Sieva bean'', ''Rangood bean'', ''Madagascar bean'', ''Paiga'', ''Paigya'', ''prolific bean'', ''civet bean'' and ''sugar bean''.
The ''P. lunatus'' is of [[Andes|Andean]] and [[Mesoamerica]]n origin. Two separate [[domestication]] events are believed to have occurred. The first, taking place in the Andes around 2000 BC{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, produced a large-seeded variety (Lima type), while the second, taking place most likely in Mesoamerica around 800 AD, produced a small-seeded variety (Sieva type). By 1301 AD, cultivation had spread to [[North America]], and in the sixteenth century the plant arrived and began to be cultivated in the [[Eastern Hemisphere]].
The small-seeded wild form (Sieva type) is found distributed from [[Mexico]] to [[Argentina]], generally below 1600 meters above sea level, while the large-seeded wild form (Lima type)is found distributed in the north of [[Peru]], between 320 and 2030 meters above sea level.
During the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, lima beans were exported to the rest of the Americas and Europe, since the boxes of such goods had their place of origin labeled "Lima - Peru", the beans got named as such.
Both bush and pole ([[vine]]) varieties exist, the latter from one to four meters in height. The bush varieties mature earlier than the pole varieties. The pods are up to 15 cm long. The mature seeds are 1 to 3 cm long and oval to kidney shaped. In most varieties the seeds are quite flat, but in the "potato" varieties the shape approaches spherical. White seeds are common, but black, red, orange and variously mottled seeds are also known. The immature seeds are uniformly green.
In the Southern [[United States]] the Sieva type are traditionally called butter beans, it is also otherwise known as the Dixie or Henderson type. Lima beans and butter beans are seen as two distinct types of beans.
Lima beans typically yield 2900 to 5000 kilograms of seed and 3000 to 8000 kilograms of [[biomass]] per hectare.
==References==
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Phaseolus+lunatus&CAN=COMIND Plants For A Future: Database Search Results]
* [http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/htbin/plant/image/get_logo_e?plno=54239004 Illustrated Legume Genetic Resources Database]
* [http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Phaseolus.html#dic8.0 Sorting Phaseolus Names]
* [http://www.cidicco.hn/chilipuca.htm Centro Internacional de Informacion sobre Cultivos de Cobertura]
* [http://www.floridamemory.com/Collections/folklife/folklife_cd2.cfm Recording of a song called "Butter Beans" from the Florida Folklife Collection (made available for public use from the State Archives of Florida)]
* [http://sarasota.extension.ufl.edu/FCS/FlaFoodFare/Butter_Beans.htm Florida Food Fare: Butter Beans and Lima Beans]
* [http://www.foodsdatabase.com/LinkedLabel.aspx?FoodId=24620 Nutrition facts]
{{Cookbook|Lima bean}}
[[Category:Faboideae]]
[[Category:Edible legumes]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Lima bean
| image = Lima_beans.jpg
| image_caption = Lima beans
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
| tribus = [[Phaseoleae]]
| genus = ''[[Phaseolus]]''
| species = '''''P. lunatus'''''
| binomial = ''Phaseolus lunatus''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Phaseolus lunatus''''' is a [[legume]]. It is grown for its seed, which is eaten as a vegetable. It is commonly known as the '''lima bean''' or '''butter bean''', it is also known as ''Haba bean'', ''Pallar bean'', ''Burma bean'', ''Guffin bean'', ''Hibbert bean'', ''Java bean'', ''Sieva bean'', ''Rangood bean'', ''Madagascar bean'', ''Paiga'', ''Paigya'', ''prolific bean'', ''civet bean'' and ''sugar bean''.
The ''P. lunatus'' is of [[Andes|Andean]] and [[Mesoamerica]]n origin. Two separate [[domestication]] events are believed to have occurred. The first, taking place in the Andes around 2000 BC{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, produced a large-seeded variety (Lima type), while the second, taking place most likely in Mesoamerica around 800 AD, produced a small-seeded variety (Sieva type). By 1301 AD, cultivation had spread to [[North America]], and in the sixteenth century the plant arrived and began to be cultivated in the [[Eastern Hemisphere]].
The small-seeded wild form (Sieva type) is found distributed from [[Mexico]] to [[Argentina]], generally below 1600 meters above sea level, while the large-seeded wild form (Lima type)is found distributed in the north of [[Peru]], between 320 and 2030 meters above sea level.
During the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, lima beans were exported to the rest of the Americas and Europe, since the boxes of such goods had their place of origin labeled "Lima - Peru", the beans got named as such.
Both bush and pole ([[vine]]) varieties exist, the latter from one to four meters in height. The bush varieties mature earlier than the pole varieties. The pods are up to 15 cm long. The mature seeds are 1 to 3 cm long and oval to kidney shaped. In most varieties the seeds are quite flat, but in the "potato" varieties the shape approaches spherical. White seeds are common, but black, red, orange and variously mottled seeds are also known. The immature seeds are uniformly green.
In the Southern [[United States]] the Sieva type are traditionally called butter beans, it is also otherwise known as the Dixie or Henderson type. Lima beans and butter beans are seen as two distinct types of beans.
Lima beans typically yield 2900 to 5000 kilograms of seed and 3000 to 8000 kilograms of [[biomass]] per hectare.
==References==
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Phaseolus+lunatus&CAN=COMIND Plants For A Future: Database Search Results]
* [http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/htbin/plant/image/get_logo_e?plno=54239004 Illustrated Legume Genetic Resources Database]
* [http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Phaseolus.html#dic8.0 Sorting Phaseolus Names]
* [http://www.cidicco.hn/chilipuca.htm Centro Internacional de Informacion sobre Cultivos de Cobertura]
* [http://www.floridamemory.com/Collections/folklife/folklife_cd2.cfm Recording of a song called "Butter Beans" from the Florida Folklife Collection (made available for public use from the State Archives of Florida)]
* [http://sarasota.extension.ufl.edu/FCS/FlaFoodFare/Butter_Beans.htm Florida Food Fare: Butter Beans and Lima Beans]
* [http://www.foodsdatabase.com/LinkedLabel.aspx?FoodId=24620 Nutrition facts]
{{Cookbook|Lima bean}}
[[Category:Faboideae]]
[[Category:Edible legumes]]
