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Vitis cordifolia, Michx. True Frost Grape. Chicken, Raccoon, or Winter Grape. One of the most vigorous of American vines, climbing to the tops of the tallest trees, and sometimes making a trunk 1-2 ft. diam.: diaphragms thick and strong: lvs. long-cordate, triangular-cordate with rounded base, or cordate-ovate, undivided but sometimes very indistinctly 3-lobed or 3-angled, the basal sinus rather deep and narrow, the margin with large acute teeth of different sizes and the point long and acute, the upper surface glossy and the lower bright green and either becoming perfectly glabrous or bearing a little close and fine inconspicuous grayish pubescence on the veins; petioles long: stamens erect in the sterile fls. and short reflexed-curved in the fertile ones: clusters long and very many-flowered, most of the pedicels branched or at least bearing a cluster of fls.: berries numerous and small (about 3/8 in. diam.), in a loose bunch, black and only very slightly glaucous, late and persistent, with a thick skin and little pulp, becoming edible after frost; seeds medium and broad. In thickets and along streams from Pa. (and probably S. N. Y.) to E. Kans., Fla., and Texas.
Var. foetida, Engelm., has fetidly aromatic berries, and grows in the Mississippi Valley.
Var. sempervirens, Munson. A glossy-lvd. form holding its foliage very late: lvs. sometimes suggesting forms of V. rubra, deltoid with a truncate base: clusters small, the fr. ripening later than in the type. S. Fla.
Var. Helleri, Bailey (V. Helleri, Small). Lvs. more circular (i. e., lacking the long point), and the teeth round-obtuse and ending in a short mucro. Kerr Co., S. Texas, 1,600-2,000 ft.
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Vitis vulpina, Linn. (V. riparia, Michx. V. odoratissima, Donn. V. odorata, Hort. V. illinoensis and V. missouriensis, Prince? V. cordifolia var. riparia, Gray). Riverbank or Frost Grape. Fig. 3958. A vigorous tall-climbing plant, with a bright green cast to the foliage, normally glabrous young shoots, large stipules, and plane very thin diaphragms: lvs. thin, medium to large, cordate-ovate, with a broad but usually an evident sinus, mostly showing a tendency (which is sometimes pronounced) to 3 lobes, generally glabrous and bright green below, but the veins and their angles often pubescent, the margins variously deeply and irregularly toothed and sometimes cut, the teeth and the long point prominently acute: fertile fls. bearing reclining or curved stamens, and the sterile ones long and erect or ascending stamens: clusters medium to large, on short peduncles, branched (often very compound), the fls. sweet-scented: berries small (less than 1/2 in. diam.), purple-black with a heavy blue bloom, sour and usually austere, generally ripening late (even after frost) ; seeds rather small and distinctly pyriform. Nova Scotia and New Bruns. to Man., Kans., and Colo. and south to W. Va., Mo. and Texas. B.M. 2429. —The commonest grape in the northern states west of New England, abundant along streams. Variable in the flavor and maturity of the fr. Forms with petioles and under surfaces of lvs. pubescent sometimes occur. It apparently hybridizes with V. Labrusca eastward, the hybrid being known by the tomentose young shoots and unfolding lvs., and the darker foliage, which is marked with rusty tomentum along the veins of the less jagged lvs.
Vitis vulpina, Linn. (V. riparia, Michx. V. odoratissima, Donn. V. odorata, Hort. V. illinoensis and V. missouriensis, Prince? V. cordifolia var. riparia, Gray). Riverbank or Frost Grape. Fig. 3958. A vigorous tall-climbing plant, with a bright green cast to the foliage, normally glabrous young shoots, large stipules, and plane very thin diaphragms: lvs. thin, medium to large, cordate-ovate, with a broad but usually an evident sinus, mostly showing a tendency (which is sometimes pronounced) to 3 lobes, generally glabrous and bright green below, but the veins and their angles often pubescent, the margins variously deeply and irregularly toothed and sometimes cut, the teeth and the long point prominently acute: fertile fls. bearing reclining or curved stamens, and the sterile ones long and erect or ascending stamens: clusters medium to large, on short peduncles, branched (often very compound), the fls. sweet-scented: berries small (less than 1/2 in. diam.), purple-black with a heavy blue bloom, sour and usually austere, generally ripening late (even after frost) ; seeds rather small and distinctly pyriform. Nova Scotia and New Bruns. to Man., Kans., and Colo. and south to W. Va., Mo. and Texas. B.M. 2429. —The commonest grape in the northern states west of New England, abundant along streams. Variable in the flavor and maturity of the fr. Forms with petioles and under surfaces of lvs. pubescent sometimes occur. It apparently hybridizes with V. Labrusca eastward, the hybrid being known by the tomentose young shoots and unfolding lvs., and the darker foliage, which is marked with rusty tomentum along the veins of the less jagged lvs.
