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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Borage
| image = Starflower_1.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Borage flower
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Boraginaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Borago]]''
| species = '''''B. officinalis'''''
| binomial = ''Borago officinalis''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''Borage''' ''(Borago officinalis or Echium amoenum)'', also known as "starflower", (گل گاو زبان in Persian) is an annual [[herb]] originating in Syria, but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as most of [[Europe]], North Africa, and Iran. It grows to a height of 60-100 cm (2-3 feet), and is bristly-hairy all over the stems and [[leaf|leaves]]; the leaves are alternate, simple, and 5-15 cm (2-6 in) long. The [[flower]]s are small, blue or pink, with five narrow, triangular-pointed petals. It produces plenty of seeds and thus continues to grow and spread prolifically from where it is first sown or planted. In milder climates, borage will bloom continuously for most of the year.
[[Image:Borage.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Borage plant]]
The leaves have been found to contain small amounts (10 ppm of dried herb) of the [[hepatotoxicity|liver-toxic]] [[pyrrolizidine]] [[alkaloid]]s: [[intermedine]], [[lycopsamine]], [[amabiline]] and [[supinine]]. They taste like fresh [[cucumber]] and are used in salads and soups especially in [[Germany]]. One of the better known recipes with borage is the [[Green Sauce]] made in [[Frankfurt]]. Frankfurter Grüne Sauce, as it is called in Germany, is made from seven herbs: [[parsley]], [[chervil]], [[chives]], [[Watercress|cress]], [[sorrel]], [[Sanguisorba|burnet]] and '''borage'''. Borage is also an ingredient in the traditional recipe for a [[Pimm's Cup]]. In the spanish regions of Aragón and Navarra it's also a common dish, one of the simplest recipes uses winter bourages (because these have grown slowly and taste better), bourages are cooked before flowers appear (but it's not mandatory as flowers can be put with the rest of the bourage into the boiling water too) and are usually boiled with a pair of potatoes. Once it's on the dish, the potatoes and borage are seasoned with a little olive oil and salt.
The flower, which contains the non-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid [[thesinine]], has a sweet honey-like taste and is often used to decorate [[dessert]]s and dishes. If frozen into ice-cubes, the flowers become exotic drink coolers.
The oil that is extracted from the seeds (marketed as "starflower oil" or "borage oil") is a good source of [[gamma-linolenic acid]].
Borage is also rich in [[oleic acid|oleic]] and [[palmitic acid|palmitic]] acid, conferring a hypocholesterolemic effect. This oil, which has recently been commercialised, may regulate metabolism and the hormonal system, and is considered by many naturopathic practitioners to be a good remedy for [[PMS]] and [[menopause]] symptoms such as the [[hot flash]]. Borage is also sometimes indicated to alleviate and heal colds, bronchitis, and respiratory infections in general for its [[anti-inflammatory]] and balsamic properties. The flowers can be prepared in infusion to take advantage of its medicinal properties.
[[Image:Borage-flower-hr.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Detail of flower]]
{{Herbs & spices}}
==As a Companion Plant==
Borage is not only a pretty, flowering, edible herb, but it also improves the flavor of tomato vines when grown withen a few feet of them.
==See also==
*[[Flower]]
*[[Herb]]
*[[Plant]]
==External links==
{{commons|Borago officinalis|Borage}}
* [http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Bora_off.html Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages]
* [http://www.maltawildplants.com/BORG/Borago_officinalis.html Comprehensive profile for ''Borago officinalis'' from the website MaltaWildPlants.com]
[[Category:Boraginaceae]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Borage
| image = Starflower_1.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Borage flower
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Boraginaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Borago]]''
| species = '''''B. officinalis'''''
| binomial = ''Borago officinalis''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''Borage''' ''(Borago officinalis or Echium amoenum)'', also known as "starflower", (گل گاو زبان in Persian) is an annual [[herb]] originating in Syria, but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as most of [[Europe]], North Africa, and Iran. It grows to a height of 60-100 cm (2-3 feet), and is bristly-hairy all over the stems and [[leaf|leaves]]; the leaves are alternate, simple, and 5-15 cm (2-6 in) long. The [[flower]]s are small, blue or pink, with five narrow, triangular-pointed petals. It produces plenty of seeds and thus continues to grow and spread prolifically from where it is first sown or planted. In milder climates, borage will bloom continuously for most of the year.
[[Image:Borage.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Borage plant]]
The leaves have been found to contain small amounts (10 ppm of dried herb) of the [[hepatotoxicity|liver-toxic]] [[pyrrolizidine]] [[alkaloid]]s: [[intermedine]], [[lycopsamine]], [[amabiline]] and [[supinine]]. They taste like fresh [[cucumber]] and are used in salads and soups especially in [[Germany]]. One of the better known recipes with borage is the [[Green Sauce]] made in [[Frankfurt]]. Frankfurter Grüne Sauce, as it is called in Germany, is made from seven herbs: [[parsley]], [[chervil]], [[chives]], [[Watercress|cress]], [[sorrel]], [[Sanguisorba|burnet]] and '''borage'''. Borage is also an ingredient in the traditional recipe for a [[Pimm's Cup]]. In the spanish regions of Aragón and Navarra it's also a common dish, one of the simplest recipes uses winter bourages (because these have grown slowly and taste better), bourages are cooked before flowers appear (but it's not mandatory as flowers can be put with the rest of the bourage into the boiling water too) and are usually boiled with a pair of potatoes. Once it's on the dish, the potatoes and borage are seasoned with a little olive oil and salt.
The flower, which contains the non-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid [[thesinine]], has a sweet honey-like taste and is often used to decorate [[dessert]]s and dishes. If frozen into ice-cubes, the flowers become exotic drink coolers.
The oil that is extracted from the seeds (marketed as "starflower oil" or "borage oil") is a good source of [[gamma-linolenic acid]].
Borage is also rich in [[oleic acid|oleic]] and [[palmitic acid|palmitic]] acid, conferring a hypocholesterolemic effect. This oil, which has recently been commercialised, may regulate metabolism and the hormonal system, and is considered by many naturopathic practitioners to be a good remedy for [[PMS]] and [[menopause]] symptoms such as the [[hot flash]]. Borage is also sometimes indicated to alleviate and heal colds, bronchitis, and respiratory infections in general for its [[anti-inflammatory]] and balsamic properties. The flowers can be prepared in infusion to take advantage of its medicinal properties.
[[Image:Borage-flower-hr.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Detail of flower]]
{{Herbs & spices}}
==As a Companion Plant==
Borage is not only a pretty, flowering, edible herb, but it also improves the flavor of tomato vines when grown withen a few feet of them.
==See also==
*[[Flower]]
*[[Herb]]
*[[Plant]]
==External links==
{{commons|Borago officinalis|Borage}}
* [http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Bora_off.html Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages]
* [http://www.maltawildplants.com/BORG/Borago_officinalis.html Comprehensive profile for ''Borago officinalis'' from the website MaltaWildPlants.com]
[[Category:Boraginaceae]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
