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Rubus (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Rosaceae
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|genus=Rubus
 
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|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Blackberries on bush.jpg
 
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'''''Rubus''''' is a large [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[rose]] family, [[Rosaceae]], subfamily [[Rosoideae]]. [[Raspberry|Raspberries]], [[Blackberry|blackberries]], and [[Dewberry|dewberries]] are common, widely distributed members of the genus.  Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses;  spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus.  The ''Rubus'' [[fruit]], sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an [[Fruit#Aggregate_fruit|aggregate]] of [[drupelet]]s.
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The blackberries, as well as various other ''Rubus'' species with mounding or rambling growth habits, are often called [[bramble]]s.  However, this name is not used for those like the raspberry that grow as upright canes, or for trailing or prostrate species such as most dewberries, or various low-growing boreal, arctic, or alpine species.
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The genus ''Rubus'' is believed to have existed since at least 23.7 to 36.6 million years ago.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-72919/Rosales#595624.hook Rosales]</ref>
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Examples of the hundreds, if not thousands, of species of ''Rubus'' include:
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*''[[Rubus allegheniensis]]'' – Allegheny Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus arcticus]]'' – Arctic Raspberry
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*''[[Rubus armeniacus]]'' – Himalayan Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus caesius]]'' – European Dewberry
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*''[[Rubus canadensis]]'' – Canadian Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus chamaemorus]]'' – Cloudberry
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*''[[Rubus coreanus]]'' - Bokbunja
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*''[[Rubus cuneifolius]]'' – Sand Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus fruticosus]]'' agg. – Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus hayata-koidzumii]]'' (''R. calycinoides'') – Creeping Raspberry
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*''[[Rubus idaeus]]'' – European Red Raspberry
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*''[[Rubus laciniatus]]'' - Cutleaf Evergreen Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus leucodermis]]'' – Whitebark Raspberry or Western Raspberry
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*''[[Rubus occidentalis]]'' – Black Raspberry
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*''[[Rubus odoratus]]'' – Flowering Raspberry
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*''[[Rubus parviflorus]]'' – Thimbleberry
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*''[[Rubus pensilvanicus]]'' – Pennsylvania Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus phoenicolasius]]'' – Wineberry
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*''[[Rubus saxatilis]]'' – Stone Bramble
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*''[[Rubus spectabilis]]'' – Salmonberry
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*''[[Rubus strigosus]]'' – American Red Raspberry
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*''[[Rubus trifidus]]'' - Japanese Blackberry
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*''[[Rubus ursinus]]'' – Trailing Blackberry
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Rubus (Latin name, ultimately connected with ruber, red). Including Bossekia, Rubacer, Oreobatus, Batidaea, and others, but excluding Dalibarda. Rosaceae-. Bramble. Blackberries, Dewberries, Raspberries, and Thimbleberries. Low and diffuse mostly woody plants, usually producing canes, grown for the edible fruits, some of the species for ground-cover, and others for the more or less ornamental character of habit, foliage, and bloom.
 
Rubus (Latin name, ultimately connected with ruber, red). Including Bossekia, Rubacer, Oreobatus, Batidaea, and others, but excluding Dalibarda. Rosaceae-. Bramble. Blackberries, Dewberries, Raspberries, and Thimbleberries. Low and diffuse mostly woody plants, usually producing canes, grown for the edible fruits, some of the species for ground-cover, and others for the more or less ornamental character of habit, foliage, and bloom.
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The species of Rubus require no special place or care in cultivation except to provide in a general way the conditions as to moisture and exposure under which the plants grow in the wild. They are plants of wide adaptability. Propagation is by dividing the clumps in some cases, but better by the use of the natural stolons; or if artificial practices must be employed, root-cuttings 2 or 3 inches long may be used for many species. They are grown readily from seeds.
 
The species of Rubus require no special place or care in cultivation except to provide in a general way the conditions as to moisture and exposure under which the plants grow in the wild. They are plants of wide adaptability. Propagation is by dividing the clumps in some cases, but better by the use of the natural stolons; or if artificial practices must be employed, root-cuttings 2 or 3 inches long may be used for many species. They are grown readily from seeds.
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                      Index.
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Index.
 
   
 
   
 
adenophorus,        34.glaber,          19.pedatus,              3.
 
adenophorus,        34.glaber,          19.pedatus,              3.
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geophilus,          61.Parkeri,          18.
 
geophilus,          61.Parkeri,          18.
 
Giraldianus,        55.parviflorus,      11.
 
Giraldianus,        55.parviflorus,      11.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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}}
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===Propagation===
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{{Taxobox
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===Pests and diseases===
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Rubus''
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| image = Blackberries_on_bush.jpg
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| image_width = 200px
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| image_caption = ''Rubus fruticosus''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
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| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
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| genus = '''''Rubus'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text.
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}}
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'''''Rubus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[plant]] in the Family [[Rosaceae]], Subfamily [[Rosoideae]]. These plants have prickles like roses and are often called '''[[bramble]]s'''; this name is most often used for the [[blackberry]] and similar fruits that are also of rambling habit, and not used for those like the [[raspberry]] that grow as upright canes. Their fruit, called '''bramble fruit''', is an aggregate of drupelets.
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*''Rubus idaeus'', the [[Raspberry]]
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==Species==
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*''Rubus occidentalis'', [[Rubus occidentalis|Black raspberry]]
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The classification presented below{{citation needed|would be helpful so this can be kept up to date}} recognizes 13 [[subgenus|subgenera]] within Rubus, with the largest subgenus (''Rubus'') in turn divided into 12 [[sections]].  Representative examples are presented, but there are many more species not mentioned here.
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*''Rubus fruticosus'' agg., the [[Blackberry]]
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*''Rubus chamaemorus'', the [[Cloudberry]]
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*''Rubus loganobaccus'', the [[Loganberry]]
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*''Rubus phoenicolasius'', the [[Wineberry (United States)|Wineberry]]
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*''Rubus spectabilis'', the [[Salmonberry]]
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*''Rubus caesius'', the [[Dewberry]]
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*''Rubus parviflorus'', [[Thimbleberry]]
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*''Rubus arcticus'' [[Arctic raspberry]]
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*''Rubus odoratus'' [[Flowering raspberry]]
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*''Rubus leucodermis'' (Whitebark raspberry or Western Raspberry)
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*and many more
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== [[Scientific classification]] ==
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[[Image:Creeping raspberry.jpg|thumb|right|A sign near this bush labeled it as ''Rubus calycinoides'', i.e. ''[[Rubus hayata-koidzumii]]'']]
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The genus ''Rubus'' is a very complex one, containing 13 subgenera, the largest of which, subgenus ''Rubus'', is further subdivided into 12 sections:
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[[Image:Rubus-odoratus-flower2.JPG|thumb|right|[[Rubus odoratus|''R. odoratus'']]]]
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[[Image:Rubus saxatilis02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rubus saxatilis|''R. saxatilis'']]]]
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[[Image:Rubus idaeus leaf.JPG|thumb|right|Leaves, [[Rubus idaeus|''R. idaeus'']]]]
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[[Image:Blackberry flower 01.jpg|thumb|right|Flower, [[Rubus fruticosus|''R. fruticosus'']]]]
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[[Image:Björnbär.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rubus laciniatus|''R. laciniatus'']]]]
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[[Image:Salmonberry Blossom.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rubus spectabilis|''R. spectabilis'']]]]
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[[Image:Rubus rosifolius1.JPG|thumb|right|[[Rubus rosifolius|''R. rosifolius'']]]]
    
{|
 
{|
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**''[[Rubus odoratus]]''
 
**''[[Rubus odoratus]]''
 
**''[[Rubus koehleri]]''
 
**''[[Rubus koehleri]]''
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**''[[Rubus parviflorus]]''
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**''[[Rubus parviflorus]] (Thimbleberry)''
 
**''[[Rubus aliceae]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus aliceae]]''  
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**''[[Rubus aboriginum]]''  
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**''[[Rubus aboriginum]] (Garden Dewberry)''  
 
**''[[Rubus deliciosus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus deliciosus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus neomexicanus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus neomexicanus]]''  
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*'''Subgenus ''Chamaebatus'''''
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*'''Subgenus ''[[Chamaebatus]]'''''
 
**''[[Rubus hayata-koidzumii]]''
 
**''[[Rubus hayata-koidzumii]]''
 
**''[[Rubus calycinus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus calycinus]]''  
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**''[[Rubus nivalis]]''  
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**''[[Rubus nivalis]] (Snow Raspberry)''  
 
**''[[Rubus pectinellus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus pectinellus]]''  
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**''[[Rubus corchorifolius]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus corchorifolius]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus coreanus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus coreanus]]''  
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***''[[Rubus coreanus Miquel]]''
 
**''[[Rubus crataegifolius]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus crataegifolius]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus croceacanthus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus croceacanthus]]''  
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*'''Subgenus ''Micranthobatus'''''  
 
*'''Subgenus ''Micranthobatus'''''  
 
**''[[Rubus australis]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus australis]]''  
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**''[[Rubus cissoides]]''  
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**''[[Bush lawyer (plant)|Rubus cissoides]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus parvus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus parvus]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus schmidelioides]]''  
 
**''[[Rubus schmidelioides]]''  
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****''[[Rubus anglocandicans]]''
 
****''[[Rubus anglocandicans]]''
 
****''[[Rubus angustifrons]]''
 
****''[[Rubus angustifrons]]''
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****''[[Rubus armeniacus]]'' (syn. ''R. discolor'')
 
****''[[Rubus bakerianus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus bakerianus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus bayeri]]''
 
****''[[Rubus bayeri]]''
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****''[[Rubus cordifolius]]''
 
****''[[Rubus cordifolius]]''
 
****''[[Rubus cyri]]''
 
****''[[Rubus cyri]]''
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****''[[Rubus discolor]]''
   
****''[[Rubus diversus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus diversus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus dumnoniensis]]''
 
****''[[Rubus dumnoniensis]]''
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****''[[Rubus promachonicus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus promachonicus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus rubritinctus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus rubritinctus]]''
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****''[[Rubus sanctus]]''
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****''Rubus sanctus''
 
****''[[Rubus scheutzii]]''
 
****''[[Rubus scheutzii]]''
 
****''[[Rubus separinus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus separinus]]''
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****''[[Rubus vermontanus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus vermontanus]]''
 
***Sect. ''Ursini''
 
***Sect. ''Ursini''
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****''[[Rubus loganobaccus]]''
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****''[[Rubus × loganobaccus]]''
 
****''[[Rubus ursinus]]''  
 
****''[[Rubus ursinus]]''  
 
***Sect. ''Verotriviales''
 
***Sect. ''Verotriviales''
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==See also==
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==Gallery==
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[[List of Lepidoptera which feed on Rubus]]
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/86/1/81 Phylogeny of Rubus]
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*{{wplink}}
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*Also a [[real-time operating system]] (RTOS) developed by [http://www.arcticus-systems.com Arcticus Systems]
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[[Category:Rubus]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__
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