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Mayweed (view source)

Revision as of 07:00, 5 January 2010

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Asteraceae
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|genus=Matricaria
 
|common_name=Mayweed
 
|common_name=Mayweed
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Matricariachamomilla.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_width=180
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|image_caption=German Chamomile (''Matricaria recutita'')
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Matricaria''''' is a [[genus]] of flowering plants in the sunflower family ([[Asteraceae]]). Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed," but this name also relates to plants not in this genus.
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Most are very common  in the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and America as well as in North Africa, and South Africa and some are naturalised in Australia. ''M. occidentalis'' is native in North America; other species are introduced.
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These are hardy, pleasantly [[Aroma compound|aromatic]] [[annual plant|annuals]], growing along roadsides, in ruderal soils, and fallow land, rich in nutrients. Many are considered nuisance [[weed]]s. However they are suitable for rock gardens, herb gardens and as border plants.
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Their many-branched [[Plant stem|stems]] are prostrate to erect, glabrous and very leafy. Their bipinnate [[Leaf|leaves]] have numerous linear, narrowly lobed leaflets.
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The [[flower]]s are radially symmetrical.The greenish yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (''M. recutita'') or lacking (''M. discoidea''). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2-3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Matricaria (mater, mother, from its use in diseases). Compositae. Matricary. Wild Chamomile. Annual or perennial weedy herbs, often heavily scented.
 
Matricaria (mater, mother, from its use in diseases). Compositae. Matricary. Wild Chamomile. Annual or perennial weedy herbs, often heavily scented.
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{{Taxobox
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Describe the plant here...
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Mayweed
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| image = Matricariachamomilla.jpg
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| image_width = 275px
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| image_caption = German Chamomile (''Matricaria recutita'')
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Asterales]]
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| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
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| genus = '''''Matricaria'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]], [[1753]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text.
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}}
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'''''Matricaria''''' is a [[genus]] of flowering plants in the sunflower family ([[Asteraceae]]). Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed," but this name also relates to plants not in this genus.
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==Cultivation==
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Most are very common  in the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and America as well as in North Africa, and South Africa and some are naturalised in Australia. ''M. occidentalis'' is native in North America; other species are introduced.
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These are hardy, pleasantly [[Aroma compound|aromatic]] [[annual plant|annuals]], growing along roadsides, in ruderal soils, and fallow land, rich in nutrients. Many are considered nuisance [[weed]]s. However they are suitable for rock gardens, herb gardens and as border plants.
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===Propagation===
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Their many-branched [[Plant stem|stems]] are prostrate to erect, glabrous and very leafy. Their bipinnate [[Leaf|leaves]] have numerous linear, narrowly lobed leaflets.
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The [[flower]]s are radially symmetrical.The greenish yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (''M. recutita'') or lacking (''M. discoidea''). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2-3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking.
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''Matricaria'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Lime-speck Pug]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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The extracts of German Chamomile (''M. recutita'') are taken as a strong tea, safe for human consumption. It has been ascribed in herbal medicine to be carminative and anti-inflammatory. It is also used in ointments, lotions, and as a mouthwash against infections of mouth and gums. In [[aromatherapy]] use 2 [[essential oils]] of Chamomile: the "true chamomille" oil (from ''M. recutita'') and the Roman Chamomile oil (from [[Anthemis]] nobilis). The essential oils are fully  different in main chemical components - bisabolol oxide A, hamasulene, bisobolol oxide B, alpha-bisabolol,  bisabolene oxide for "true chamomille" oil and Amyl Butyrate, Butyl Angelate, Amyl Angelate for Roman Chamomile oil. So the aromatherapy use is different for the two varieties.
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The [[taxonomy]] of ''Matricaria'' is controversial and very confused. Several species are classified in ''Tripleurospermum'' or ''Matricaria'', depending on the interpretation of the author. The distinction is made according to the number of the seed ribs : ''Tripleurospermum'' has one adaxial and two lateral seed ribs, while ''Matricaria'' has 4 or 5 adaxial seed ribs.
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== Species  ==
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==Varieties==
 
[[Image:Matricaria_discoidea.JPG|thumb|265px|right|''Matricaria discoidea'']]
 
[[Image:Matricaria_discoidea.JPG|thumb|265px|right|''Matricaria discoidea'']]
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* [[Chamomile]]
 
* [[Chamomile]]
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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== Reference ==
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==References==
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*[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2002/00000051/00000004/art00014 A reassessment of the nomenclature of Matricaria L. and Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) - Applequist W.L.; ''Taxon'', 1 November 2002, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 757-761(5)]
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Asteraceae]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__
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