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Wild ginger (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Aristolochiaceae
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|genus=Asarum
 
|common_name=Wild ginger
 
|common_name=Wild ginger
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Asarum maximum2.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Asarum maximum
 
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'''''Asarum''''' (''[[Syllable stress of Botanical Latin|Á-sa-rum]]'') is a genus of plants in the birthwort family [[Aristolochiaceae]], commonly known as '''Wild ginger'''.
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Asarum consists  low-growing herbs , that are distributed over the north temperate zones with most species in Asia (mainly China, Japan and Vietnam), North America and one species in Europe. Biogeographically, ''Asarum'' originated in Asia
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They have characteristically kidney-shaped leaves, growing from creeping [[rhizome]]s. They bear small, [[wikt:axil|axil]]lary brown or reddish flowers.
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''[[Asarum canadense]]'' is native to the forests of eastern [[North America]].  It is found from the [[Great Plains]] east to the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] Coast, and from southeastern [[Canada]] south to approximately the [[fall line]] in the southeastern [[United States]].
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''[[Asarum caudatum]]'' is found in [[British Columbia]] south through [[Washington]] and [[Oregon]] to central [[California]], and from the [[Coast Range]] east to western [[Montana]].
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The plant is called wild ginger because the [[rhizome]] tastes and smells similar to that of [[ginger root]], but the two are not particularly related. The root can be used as a [[spice]], but is a potent [[diuretic]], or urinary stimulant. ''Asarum canadense'' and other species in the genus contain the [[nephrotoxic]] rodent [[carcinogen]] [[aristolochic acid]], which is the FDA warns against consuming.<ref>U.S. Food and Drug Administration |url=http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/Alerts/ucm096388.htm</ref>
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<ref>[http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/2001/2001_91_e.html Health Canada advising not to use products labelled to contain Aristolochia].
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</ref>
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The birthwort family also contains the genus [[Aristolochia]], known for [[carcinogens]].
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Wild ginger favors moist, shaded sites with [[humus]]-rich soil.  The deciduous, heart-shaped [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, and borne from the rhizome which lies just under the soil surface.  Two leaves emerge each year from the growing tip.  The curious jug-shaped [[flower]]s, which give the plant an alternate name, '''little jug''', are borne singly in Spring between the leaf bases.
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Wild ginger can easily be grown in a [[shade garden]], and makes an attractive [[groundcover]].
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Asarum (ancient obscure name). Including Hexastylis. Aristolochtaceae. Asarabacca. Low, nearly stemless herbs, sometimes planted in wild borders and used as ground-cover in shady places.
 
Asarum (ancient obscure name). Including Hexastylis. Aristolochtaceae. Asarabacca. Low, nearly stemless herbs, sometimes planted in wild borders and used as ground-cover in shady places.
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Wild ginger
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| image = wild ginger leaves.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = Wild ginger leaves<br>(''Asarum caudatum'')
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Piperales]]
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| familia = [[Aristolochiaceae]]
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| genus = '''''Asarum'''''
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text.
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}}
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'''Wild ginger''' refers to an herbaceous plant genus ''Asarum'' (''[[Syllable stress of Botanical Latin|Á-sa-rum]]'') of the birthwort family [[Aristolochiaceae]].
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''[[Asarum canadense]]'' is native to the forests of eastern [[North America]].  It is found from the [[Great Plains]] east to the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] Coast, and from southeastern [[Canada]] south to approximately the [[fall line]] in the southeastern [[United States]].
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===Propagation===
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''[[Asarum caudatum]]'' is found in [[British Columbia]] south through [[Washington]] and [[Oregon]] to central [[California]], and from the [[Coast Range]] east to western [[Montana]].
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The plant is called wild ginger because the [[rhizome]] tastes and smells similar to that of [[ginger root]], but the two are not particularly related. The root can be used as a [[spice]], but is a potent [[diuretic]], or urinary stimulant. ''Asarum canadense'' and other species in the genus contain the chemical [[aristolochic acid]], which is carcinogenic in rats.  The birthwort family also contains the [[Aristolochia]] genus.  Aristolochia is a human [[carcinogen]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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Wild ginger favors moist, shaded sites with [[humus]]-rich soil.  The deciduous, heart-shaped [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, and borne from the rhizome which lies just under the soil surface.  Two leaves emerge each year from the growing tip.  The curious jug-shaped [[flower]]s, which give the plant an alternate name, '''little jug''', are borne singly in [[Spring (season)|Spring]] between the leaf bases.
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Wild ginger can easily be grown in a [[shade garden]], and makes an attractive [[groundcover]].
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==Species==
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[[Image:Asarum europaeum flower 050403.jpg|thumb|right|250px|European Wild Ginger (''Asarum europaeum'') - flower]]
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== Species ==
   
*''[[Asarum arifolium]]''
 
*''[[Asarum arifolium]]''
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*''[[Asarum canadense]]'' : Wild Ginger, Black Snakeroot, Canada Wild Ginger, Canadian Snakeroot, Broad-leaved Asarabacca.
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*''[[Asarum bashanense]]''
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*''[[Asarum caudatum]]'' : Long-tailed Wild ginger
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*''[[Asarum campaniflorum]]''
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**''Asarum caudatum caudatum'' : British Columbia Wild ginger.
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*''[[Asarum canadense]]''
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**''Asarum caudatum viridiflorum'' : Longtail Wild Ginger).
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*''[[Asarum caudatum]]''
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*''[[Asarum europaeum]]'' : Asarabacca, European Wild Ginger, Haselwort, Wild Spikenard.
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*''[[Asarum caudigerellum]]''
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*''[[Asarum hartwegii]]'' : Hartweg's Wild Ginger.
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*''[[Asarum caudigerum]]''
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*''[[Asarum hongkongensis]]'' : Hong Kong Wild Ginger.
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*''[[Asarum caulescens]]''
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*''[[Asarum lemmonii]]'' : Lemmon's Wild Ginger.
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*''[[Asarum chengkouense]]''
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*''[[Asarum marmoratum]]'' : Marbled Wild Ginger.
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*''[[Asarum chinensis]]''
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*''[[Asarum naniflorum]]''
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*''[[Asarum controversum]]''
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*''[[Asarum splendens]]'': Chinese Wild Ginger.
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*''[[Asarum crassisepalum]]''
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*''[[Asarum crassum]]''
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*''[[Asarum crispulatum]]''
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== See also ==
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*''[[Asarum debile]]''
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*''[[Hexastylis]]'' (a closely related genus including ''[[Hexastylis speciosum]]'' (syn. ''Asarum speciosum'') or Alabama Wild Ginger)<ref>[[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500674 Flora of North America: H. speciosum]</ref>
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*''[[Asarum delavayi]]''
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*''[[Asarum dimidiatum]]'' (synonym of ''Asiasarum dimidiatum'')
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*''[[Asarum epigynum]]'' (synonym of ''Geotaenium epigynum'')
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*''[[Asarum europaeum]]''  
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*''[[Asarum forbesii]]'' (synonym of ''Heterotropa forbesii'')
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*''[[Asarum fukienense]]''
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*''[[Asarum geophilum]]'' (synonym of ''Geotaenium geophilum'')
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*''[[Asarum gusuk]]''
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*''[[Asarum hartwegii]]''
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*''[[Asarum hayatanum]]''
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*''[[Asarum heterotropioides]]'' (synonym of ''Asiasarum heterotropiodes'')
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*''[[Asarum himalaicum]]''
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*''[[Asarum hongkongense]]''
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*''[[Asarum hypogynum]]''
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*''[[Asarum ichangense]]''
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*''[[Asarum inflatum]]''
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*''[[Asarum insignis]]''
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*''[[Asarum kooyanum]]''  
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*''[[Asarum lemmonii]]''  
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*''[[Asarum leptophyllum]]''
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*''[[Asarum longerhizomatosum]]''
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*''[[Asarum macranthum]]''
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*''[[Asarum magnificum]]''
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*''[[Asarum majale]]''
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*''[[Asarum marmoratum]]''
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*''[[Asarum maruyamae]]''
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*''[[Asarum maximum]]''
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*''[[Asarum mikuniense]]''
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*''[[Asarum mitoanum]]''
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*''[[Asarum nanchuanense]]''
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*''[[Asarum nobilissimum]]''
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*''[[Asarum petelotii]]''
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*''[[Asarum porphyronotum]]''
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*''[[Asarum pulchellum]]''  
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*''[[Asarum renicordatum]]''
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*''[[Asarum sagittarioides]]''
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*''[[Asarum senkakuinsulare]]''
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*''[[Asarum sieboldii]]'' (synonym of ''Asiasarum sieboldii'')
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*''[[Asarum splendens]]''
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*''[[Asarum taipingshanianum]]''
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*''[[Asarum tohokuense]]''
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*''[[Asarum tongjiangense]]''
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*''[[Asarum wagneri]]''
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*''[[Asarum wulingense]]''
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*''[[Asarum yunnanense]]'' (synonym of ''Geotaenium yunnanse'')
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==Gallery==
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== External links ==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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{{commonscat|Asarum}}
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File:Asarum canadense - wild ginger - desc-view into flower.jpg|Asarum canadense
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* [http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-bot.html U.S. FDA warning on aristolochic acid]
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File:Asarum canadense.jpg|Asarum canadense
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* [http://www.iarc.fr/ The International Agency for Research on Cancer].
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File:Asarum caudatum 10993.JPG|Asarum caudatum
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* [http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/2001/2001_91_e.html Health Canada advising not to use products labelled to contain Aristolochia].
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File:Asarum caudatum 1.jpg|Asarum caudatum
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File:Asarum caudatum 10987.JPG|Asarum caudatum
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File:Asarum kz.JPG|Asarum europaeum
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File:Asarum europaeum 170406.jpg|Asarum europaeum
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File:Asarum maximum1.jpg|Asarum maximum
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File:Showy Sichuan Ginger Leaves Asarum splendens 3000px.jpg|Asarum splendens
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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== References ==
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==External links==
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{{Reflist}}
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Herbs]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Piperales]]
 
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