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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|common_name=Common bean
|familia=Fabaceae
|genus=Phaseolus
|species=vulgaris
|common_name=Common bean, Green bean, Snap bean, String bean, Dry bean.
|habit=vine-climber
|Min ht box=3
|Min ht metric=ft
|Max ht box=10
|Max ht metric=ft
|Min wd box=6
|Min wd metric=in
|Max wd box=9
|Max wd metric=in
|poisonous=raw dry bean has toxin
|lifespan=annual
|exposure=sun
|water=moist
|features=edible
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|min_zone=1
|image=Upload.png
|max_zone=12
|image_width=240
|sunset_zones=all zones
|image=Snijboon peulen Phaseolus vulgaris.jpg
|image_width=200
|image_caption=Common green bean
}}
}}
:''This page is about Common, Green, String, Snap, or Dry Beans. For similar plants try [[Lima Bean|Lima]], [[Broad Bean|Broad/Fava]] or [[Runner Bean]]s, and the [[List of beans]].
Planted most widely, the common bean is also known as Green bean, Snap bean, String bean or Dry bean. They produce fleshy, tender pods which can be eaten fresh, while some varieties are also kept until the pods ripen and the beans can be collected and eaten fresh or dried and stored. Pods may be green, yellow (wax beans) or purple. The purple pods will turn green if cooked. Plants types are either smaller, self-supporting erect '''bush types''', which produce sooner, or much taller '''pole types''', which are vines that produce more over the course of the season, and need support.
==Cultivation==
Water regularly, occasional deep watering is better than frequent light watering. The latter can contribute to mildew. When plants are actively growing, you can fertilize them, then again when pods start to grow. Depending on variety, pods will form after 50-70 days. Harvest every 5-7 days. Once pods are allow to mature, production stops.
===Propagation===
Plant seeds when the soil is warm, or indoors for a headstart, then set out when soil is warm. Plant an inch deep in full sun and good soil, which has been loosened a bit so the heavy seeds can emerge. Bush types can be planted 1-3 inches apart in rows which are 2-3 feet apart. Pole type planting depends on support system, but a wigwam of 3 or 4 8ft poles can have have 6-8 beans planted on each pole, and thinned to 4, as can single poles, 3 or 4 feet apart. Poles may be placed closer as well, just 1-2 feet apart, and seeds planted in rows as well, every 1-3 inches. You can also of course sow along a sunny wall, fence, or trellis and train the vines with light strings supported by wires or heavy twine. Water ground thoroughly before planting, and do not water again until seedlings emerge.
===Pests and diseases===
[[Mexican bean beetles]], [[aphids]], [[cucumber beetles]], [[whiteflies]], [[mildew]].
==Varieties==
=== Snap or String beans ===
Most home gardeners raise beans for their pods, so these are the most commonly grown at homes, and have been bred for succulent, flavorful pods. 130 varieties are listed in Stephen Facciola's ''Cornucopia''. Pods may be green, golden, purple, red, or streaked. Shapes range from thin "fillet" types to wide "romano" types and more common types in between. French '''Haricots verts''' (green beans) are bred for flavorful pods.
* Blue Lake (green)
* Golden Wax (golden)
* Purple King (purple)
* Dragon's Tongue (streaked)
* Red Swan (red)
=== Shell beans ===
[[Image:Noe beanpoles.jpg|thumb|right|Green pole beans on beanpoles]]
''Cornucopia'' lists 37 varieties of shell beans.
Flageolet bean varieties include:
* Chevrier (the original heirloom)
* Elsa
* Flambeau
* Flamingo
'''Borlotti''' beans are dried beans and are called by several names in North America. The bean is a medium large tan bean, splashed with red/black to magenta streaks. It is very popular in Italian and Portuguese cuisine.
The American '''cranberry''' bean or '''horticultural''' bean is quite similar if not the same as the Italian borlotti bean.<ref>[http://italianfood.about.com/od/beans/r/blr0624.htm More on Borlotti on about.com. Retrieved 3 October 2005.]</ref> Pinto beans are not considered the same as borlotti beans.
* True Cranberry (old VT heirloom with a more round shape like a [[cranberry]]), traditional ingredient of [[succotash]]
=== Pinto or mottled beans ===
[[Image:Pinto bean.jpg|thumb|240px|Pinto beans]]
[[Image:Alubia pinta alavesa2.jpg|right|thumb|''Alubia pinta alavesa'']]
The '''pinto bean''' is a type of mottled bean. Young pods may also be used as green beans.
Pinto bean varieties include:
* Sierra
* Burke
* Othello
* Maverick
Another popular mottled bean is the '''anasazi''', from the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] of northern [[Spain]].
=== White beans ===
[[Image:White beans.jpg|thumb|White beans]]
The small, white '''navy bean''', also called '''pea bean''' or '''haricot''', is popular in [[England]], and traditionally the main bean of [[Anglo-America]] (including in the [[Boston]] [[baked beans]]).
Navy bean varieties include:
* Robust
* Rainy River
* Michelite
* Sanilac
Other white beans are Cannellini and Great Northern.
=== Red (kidney) beans ===
[[image:Kidney beans.jpg|thumb|200px|Red Kidney beans]]
The dark red skinned '''kidney bean''' was named after its strong resemblance to the organ of the same name, and is also known as the '''red bean''', which may cause confusion with other [[red bean]]s. Small red beans are noticeably smaller and darker than kidney beans, with a smoother taste.
=== Black beans ===
[[Image:Black beans.jpg|thumb|Black beans]]
The small, shiny '''black turtle bean''' is especially popular in [[Latin American cuisine]]. It is often called simply the '''black bean''', although this can cause confusion with other [[black bean]]s.
The black turtle bean has a dense, [[meat]]y texture, with the flavor giving a hint of [[mushroom]]. It is a very popular bean, served in almost all Latin America.
Black turtle bean varieties include:
* Domino
* Black Magic
* Blackhawk
* Nighthawk
=== Pink beans ===
Pink beans are pale pink colored, small oval-shaped beans (Habichuelas Rosadas[http://www.recipetips.com/glossary-term/t--36058/pink-bean.asp] in Spanish). Best known is the [[Santa Maria, California|Santa Maria]] ''pinquito'' (spanglish = pink & small(ito).
=== Yellow beans ===
Include:
*Sinaloa Azufrado
*Sulphur
*Mayocoba
*Peruano
==Gallery==
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
<gallery>
Image:Phaseolus vulgaris seed.jpg|Diversity in dry common beans
Image:A green bean.jpg|Green [[common bean]]s on the plant
Image:CDC greenbean.jpg|Package of green beans
</gallery>
==Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture==
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Bean. A name applied to various plants of the Leguminosae. The word is commonly used for herbaceous plants of the Phaseolus tribe, but it is sometimes employed for seeds of leguminous trees and shrubs. The species of true beans (Phaseolus and closely allied genera) are yet imperfectly understood. The bean differs from the pea, among other things, in being epigeal in germination (cotyledons appearing above ground). Some of the plants to which the name is applied are really peas.
Bean. A name applied to various plants of the Leguminosae. The word is commonly used for herbaceous plants of the Phaseolus tribe, but it is sometimes employed for seeds of leguminous trees and shrubs. The species of true beans (Phaseolus and closely allied genera) are yet imperfectly understood. The bean differs from the pea, among other things, in being epigeal in germination (cotyledons appearing above ground). Some of the plants to which the name is applied are really peas.
Lima beans in California.
Lima beans in California.
Lima beans delight in warm, summer weather, but if the relative humidity is low, they suffer in consequence. Along the California coast, which is the heaviest producing section, the fogs are remarkably constant in the night and early morning, and when for a week or ten days these fogs are lacking, the bean crop suffers markedly. The small pods that are just forming dry up and fall off without making seed. The heavy fogs which roll in may add a little moisture to the surface soil for a time, but not enough to reach the roots and aid the plants directly. The great benefit of the fog is in lessening evaporation and tempering the atmosphere, less water passing from the plant into moist atmosphere than would pass into dry atmosphere.
Lima beans delight in warm, summer weather, but if the relative humidity is low, they suffer in consequence. Along the California coast, which is the heaviest producing section, the fogs are remarkably constant in the night and early morning, and when for a week or ten days these fogs are lacking, the bean crop suffers markedly. The small pods that are just forming dry up and fall off without making seed. The heavy fogs which roll in may add a little moisture to the surface soil for a time, but not enough to reach the roots and aid the plants directly. The great benefit of the fog is in lessening evaporation and tempering the atmosphere, less water passing from the plant into moist atmosphere than would pass into dry atmosphere.
The superiority of the tepary over other beans for planting in the Southwest is exhibited in its greater productivity when grown under similar conditions. This statement is not only true in irrigated sections, but even more marked in regions devoted to dry-farming. In nine experiments in Arizona covering almost every condition of soil, culture and water-supply, and extending over three years, the average yield of the teparies has been slightly more than four times the average for varieties of the kidney bean. These greater yields are due to the ability of the tepary to germinate quickly in the presence of a low moisture-content of the soil, with the resulting better stands on dry lands. The tepary is also able to withstand protracted seasons of drought without permanent injury, returning to full vigor immediately when the rains come. Other beans do not possess this ability to a marked degree. The tepary is also inured to the greatest extremes of summer temperatures and will bloom and set seed any month from May to November. On the other hand, when the blooming period of common beans happens to fall within a season of extreme heat, the buds will for the most part drop without setting pods. For these reasons the tepary is a more sure and dependable crop, often giving fair returns when beans are a total failure. With an ample supply of water, good soil and other conditions favorable, teparies should yield 700 to 1,200 pounds per acre. However, 1,500 pounds per acre have been reported from the Colorado Valley near Yuma. Under dry-farm conditions, yields of 450 to 700 pounds have been reported. On irrigated lands, teparies may be planted in southern Arizona any time from the early spring when danger of frost is past until August 10. The best crops however, are secured by early planting, March 20 to April 1, or by midsummer planting, July 12 to 25. In dry-farming, they are planted any time from the 10th to the 15th or 20th of July.
The superiority of the tepary over other beans for planting in the Southwest is exhibited in its greater productivity when grown under similar conditions. This statement is not only true in irrigated sections, but even more marked in regions devoted to dry-farming. In nine experiments in Arizona covering almost every condition of soil, culture and water-supply, and extending over three years, the average yield of the teparies has been slightly more than four times the average for varieties of the kidney bean. These greater yields are due to the ability of the tepary to germinate quickly in the presence of a low moisture-content of the soil, with the resulting better stands on dry lands. The tepary is also able to withstand protracted seasons of drought without permanent injury, returning to full vigor immediately when the rains come. Other beans do not possess this ability to a marked degree. The tepary is also inured to the greatest extremes of summer temperatures and will bloom and set seed any month from May to November. On the other hand, when the blooming period of common beans happens to fall within a season of extreme heat, the buds will for the most part drop without setting pods. For these reasons the tepary is a more sure and dependable crop, often giving fair returns when beans are a total failure. With an ample supply of water, good soil and other conditions favorable, teparies should yield 700 to 1,200 pounds per acre. However, 1,500 pounds per acre have been reported from the Colorado Valley near Yuma. Under dry-farm conditions, yields of 450 to 700 pounds have been reported. On irrigated lands, teparies may be planted in southern Arizona any time from the early spring when danger of frost is past until August 10. The best crops however, are secured by early planting, March 20 to April 1, or by midsummer planting, July 12 to 25. In dry-farming, they are planted any time from the 10th to the 15th or 20th of July.
}}
}}
==See also==
==See also==
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*{{wplink}}
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