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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Nyctaginaceae
|genus=Bougainvillea
|genus=Bougainvillea
|common_name=Bougainvillea
|habit=vine-climber
|lifespan=perennial
|exposure=sun
|features=evergreen, flowers
|flowers=red, orange, yellow, single, double
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|min_zone=9
|max_zone=12
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image=Upload.png
|image=BougainvilleaSpectabilis.JPG
|image_width=240
|image_width=200
}}
}}
'''''Bougainvillea''''' ({{pron-en|ˌbuːɡɨnˈvɪliə}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s native to [[South America]] from [[Brazil]] west to [[Peru]] and south to southern [[Argentina]] ([[Chubut Province]]). Different authors accept between four and 18 species in the genus. The plant was discovered in [[Brazil]] in 1768, by [[Philibert Commerçon]], French Botanist accompanying [[French Navy]] [[admiral]] and explorer [[Louis Antoine de Bougainville]] during his voyage of circumnavigation.
They are thorny, woody [[vine]]s growing anywhere from 1-12 meters tall, scrambling over other plants with their hooked thorns. The thorns are tipped with a black, waxy substance. They are [[evergreen]] where rainfall occurs all year, or [[deciduous]] if there is a [[dry season]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple ovate-acuminate, 4-13 cm long and 2-6 cm broad. The actual [[flower]] of the plant is small and generally white, but each cluster of three flowers is surrounded by three or six [[bract]]s with the bright colors associated with the plant, including pink, magenta, purple, red, orange, white, or yellow. ''[[Bougainvillea glabra]]'' is sometimes referred to as "paper flower" because the bracts are thin and papery. The [[fruit]] is a narrow five-lobed [[achene]].
''Bougainvillea'' are relatively pest-free plants, but may suffer from worms and [[aphid]]s.
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Bougainvillea (De Bougainville, 1729-1811, a French navigator). Nyctaginaceae. South American shrubs, often climbers, with very gaudy large bracts, grown under glass, and as arbor plants South.
Bougainvillea (De Bougainville, 1729-1811, a French navigator). Nyctaginaceae. South American shrubs, often climbers, with very gaudy large bracts, grown under glass, and as arbor plants South.
}}
}}
==Cultivation==
Although it is frost-sensitive and hardy in U.S. Hardiness Zones 9b and 10, bougainvillea can be used as a houseplant or hanging basket in cooler climates. In the landscape, it makes an excellent hot season plant, and its drought tolerance makes bougainvillea ideal for warm climates year-round. Bougainvillea has a high salt tolerance, which makes it a natural choice for color on coastal regions. As a woody clambering vine, bougainvillea will stand alone and can be pruned into a standard, but it is perfect along fence lines, on walls, in containers and hanging baskets, and as a hedge or an accent plant. Its long arching branches are thorny, and bear heart-shaped leaves and masses of papery bracts in white, pink, orange, purple, and burgundy. Many cultivars, including double flowered and variegated, is available.
The growth rate of ''Bougainvillea'' vary from slow-growing to rapid, depending on the particular variety. Bougainvillea tend to flower all year round in equatorial regions. Elsewhere, they are seasonal bloomers. They grow best in somewhat dry, fertile soil. Bloom cycles are typically four to six weeks. Bougainvillea grow best in very bright full sun and with frequent fertilization, but the plant requires little water once established. As indoor [[houseplant]]s in temperate regions, they can be kept small by [[bonsai]] techniques. If overwatered, ''Bougainvillea'' will not flower and may lose leaves or wilt, or even die from root decay.
===Propagation===
===Cultivation and uses===
===Pests and diseases===
==Species==
Many of today's bougainvillea are the result of interbreeding among only three out of the eighteen South American species recognized by botanists. Currently, there are over 300 varieties of bougainvillea around the world. Because many of the hybrids have been crossed over several generations, it's difficult to identify their respective origins. Natural mutations seem to occur spontaneously throughout the world; wherever large numbers of plants are being produced, bud-sports will occur. This had led to multiple names for the same cultivar (or variety) and has added to the confusion over the names of bougainvillea cultivars.
''[[Bougainvillea buttiana]]''</br>
''[[Bougainvillea glabra]]''</br>
''[[Bougainvillea peruviana]]''</br>
''[[Bougainvillea spectabilis]]''</br>
''[[Bougainvillea spinosa]]''
==References and external links==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Red Bougainvillea in Malaysia.jpg|Red Bougainvillea in [[Malaysia]]
Image:Bougainvillea-Taormina-Sicilia-Italy-Castielli CC0 HQ.jpg|Purple bougainvilleas in [[Taormina]]
Image:DSCF4904-Bougainvillea-Taormina-Sicilia-Italy-Castielli CC0 HQ.jpg|Purple bougainvilleas in [[Taormina]]
Image:Starr_030418-0058_Bougainvillea_spectabilis.jpg|Bougainvillea spectabilis
Image:Bougainvillea close.jpg|Purple bougainvillea
Image:Bougainvillea close.jpg|Purple bougainvillea
Image:Bougainvillea-Flowers-KayEss-1.jpeg|Yellow bougainvillea
Image:Bougainvillea-Flowers-KayEss-1.jpeg|Yellow bougainvillea
Image:Bougainvillea cm.jpg|Climbing bougainvillea
<!-- Missing image removed: Image:Bougainvillea cm.jpg|Climbing bougainvillea -->
Image:Bougainvillea_San_Diego.jpg|Bougainvillea is a common sight along [[Interstate_Highway_System|Interstate]] [[Overpass|overpasses]] in [[San Diego, California]]
Image:RedOrangeBougainvillea.jpg|As seen in [[Tel Aviv]], Israel
Image:九重葛 Dscf8137-11.jpg|九重葛
Image:Bougainvillea_San_Diego.jpg|Bougainvillea is a common sight along [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate]] [[overpass]]es in [[San Diego, California]]
Image:Bougainvillea-Taormina-Sicilia-Italy-Castielli CC0 HQ3.jpg|Purple bougainvilleas in [[Taormina]]
Image:九重葛 Dscf8137-11.jpg|
Image:九重葛 Dscf8149-22.jpg|
Image:九重葛 Dscf8152-24.jpg|
Image:Bougainvillea-3colors.jpg.jpg|Three colors of bougainvillea adorn a fence in Los Angeles
Image:Bougainvillea-3colors.jpg.jpg|Three colors of bougainvillea adorn a fence in Los Angeles
Image:Bouganvelia.JPG|Purple Baugainvillea, Kolkata India
File:Buganvilia.jpg|In [[Veracruz]], [[Mexico]].
Image:Safari_2005_lush_bouganvilla.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
*{{wplink}}
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