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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Cannabaceae
| image = Cannabis 01 bgiu.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Cannabis sativa]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = '''Cannabaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher|Endl.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Cannabis]]'' - [[Hemp]]<br/>
''[[Hackberry|Celtis]]'' - [[Hackberry]]<br/>
''[[Gironniera]]''<br/>
''[[Hop (plant)|Humulus]]'' - [[Hop (plant)|Hop]]<br/>
''[[Parasponia]]''<br/>
''[[Pteroceltis]]''<br/>
''[[Trema]]'' - [[Trema]]
}}
'''Cannabaceae''' is a small [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s.
According to the [[Royal Botanical Gardens]] database, there are 170 species grouped in nine to fifteen genera, including three well-known genera ''[[Cannabis]]'' (hemp), ''[[Hop (plant)|Humulus]]'' (hops) and ''[[Hackberry|Celtis]]'' (hackberries). ''[[Celtis]]'' is by far the largest genus, counting 100 species.
== Taxonomy ==
Cannabaceae used to be part of the order [[Urticales]], which is now included into [[Rosales]]. The family is closely allied with the other families of the old Urticales, [[Moraceae]], [[Urticaceae]], and [[Ulmaceae]]. The old Urticales are sister to the rest of Rosales.
''Celtis'' is peculiar among Cannabaceae, as it is a tall tree and it is not dioecious. It was previously included either in the strictly related family [[Ulmaceae]] (the [[Ulmus|elm]] family) or their own family the Celtidaceae, and has been recently included into Cannabaceae by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] after genetic analysis.
==Description==
Cannabaceae are very similar to [[Moraceae]]. Members of this family can be trees (e.g. ''[[Celtis]]''), erect or twining herbs (e.g. ''[[Cannabis]]'' and ''[[Humulus]]'' respectively).
'''[[Leaf|Leaves]]''' are often more or less palmately lobed or palmately compund and always bear [[stipule]]s. [[Cystolith]]s are always present and some members of this family are [[laticifer]]s.
Cannabaceae are often [[plant sexuality|dioecious]] (distinct male and female plants). The '''flowers''' are [[actinomorphic]] (radially symmetrical) and not showy, as these plants are [[anemophyly|pollinated by the wind]]. As an adaptation to this kind of pollination, the [[calyx (botany)|calyx]] is short and there is no [[corolla]]. Flowers are grouped to form [[cyme]]s. In the dioecious plants the masculine inflorescences are long and look like [[panicle]]s, while the feminine are shorter and bear less flowers.The [[pistil]] is made of two connate [[carpel]]s, the usually superior ovary is unilocular; there is no fixed number of [[stamen]]s.
The fruit can be an [[achene]] or a small [[nut]].
== Uses ==
[[Hop]] (''Humulus lupulus'') is cultivated for its fruits which contain aromatic substances used in the production of [[beer]]. Its young shoots are used as vegetable. Different subspecies of [[hemp]] (''Cannabi sativa'') are cultivated for the production of fiber, as a source of cheap [[hemp oil|oil]] or to produce recreational and medicinal [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]].
==Image gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Humulus lupulus 070805.jpg|Feminine flowers of ''Humulus lupulus''
Image:Hop mannelijke bloeiwijze Humulus lupulus male plant.jpg|Masculine flowers of ''Humulus lupulus''
Image:Hopfen3.jpg|Feminine plant of ''Humulus lupulus'' with near-mature fruits
Image:Bagolaro.JPG|''Celtis occidentalis''
Image:Cannabis_sativa.jpg|''Cannabis sativa''
</gallery>
[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Cannabaceae| ]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Cannabaceae
| image = Cannabis 01 bgiu.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Cannabis sativa]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = '''Cannabaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher|Endl.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Cannabis]]'' - [[Hemp]]<br/>
''[[Hackberry|Celtis]]'' - [[Hackberry]]<br/>
''[[Gironniera]]''<br/>
''[[Hop (plant)|Humulus]]'' - [[Hop (plant)|Hop]]<br/>
''[[Parasponia]]''<br/>
''[[Pteroceltis]]''<br/>
''[[Trema]]'' - [[Trema]]
}}
'''Cannabaceae''' is a small [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s.
According to the [[Royal Botanical Gardens]] database, there are 170 species grouped in nine to fifteen genera, including three well-known genera ''[[Cannabis]]'' (hemp), ''[[Hop (plant)|Humulus]]'' (hops) and ''[[Hackberry|Celtis]]'' (hackberries). ''[[Celtis]]'' is by far the largest genus, counting 100 species.
== Taxonomy ==
Cannabaceae used to be part of the order [[Urticales]], which is now included into [[Rosales]]. The family is closely allied with the other families of the old Urticales, [[Moraceae]], [[Urticaceae]], and [[Ulmaceae]]. The old Urticales are sister to the rest of Rosales.
''Celtis'' is peculiar among Cannabaceae, as it is a tall tree and it is not dioecious. It was previously included either in the strictly related family [[Ulmaceae]] (the [[Ulmus|elm]] family) or their own family the Celtidaceae, and has been recently included into Cannabaceae by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] after genetic analysis.
==Description==
Cannabaceae are very similar to [[Moraceae]]. Members of this family can be trees (e.g. ''[[Celtis]]''), erect or twining herbs (e.g. ''[[Cannabis]]'' and ''[[Humulus]]'' respectively).
'''[[Leaf|Leaves]]''' are often more or less palmately lobed or palmately compund and always bear [[stipule]]s. [[Cystolith]]s are always present and some members of this family are [[laticifer]]s.
Cannabaceae are often [[plant sexuality|dioecious]] (distinct male and female plants). The '''flowers''' are [[actinomorphic]] (radially symmetrical) and not showy, as these plants are [[anemophyly|pollinated by the wind]]. As an adaptation to this kind of pollination, the [[calyx (botany)|calyx]] is short and there is no [[corolla]]. Flowers are grouped to form [[cyme]]s. In the dioecious plants the masculine inflorescences are long and look like [[panicle]]s, while the feminine are shorter and bear less flowers.The [[pistil]] is made of two connate [[carpel]]s, the usually superior ovary is unilocular; there is no fixed number of [[stamen]]s.
The fruit can be an [[achene]] or a small [[nut]].
== Uses ==
[[Hop]] (''Humulus lupulus'') is cultivated for its fruits which contain aromatic substances used in the production of [[beer]]. Its young shoots are used as vegetable. Different subspecies of [[hemp]] (''Cannabi sativa'') are cultivated for the production of fiber, as a source of cheap [[hemp oil|oil]] or to produce recreational and medicinal [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]].
==Image gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Humulus lupulus 070805.jpg|Feminine flowers of ''Humulus lupulus''
Image:Hop mannelijke bloeiwijze Humulus lupulus male plant.jpg|Masculine flowers of ''Humulus lupulus''
Image:Hopfen3.jpg|Feminine plant of ''Humulus lupulus'' with near-mature fruits
Image:Bagolaro.JPG|''Celtis occidentalis''
Image:Cannabis_sativa.jpg|''Cannabis sativa''
</gallery>
[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Cannabaceae| ]]
