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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Hackberry
| image = Celtis-caucasica-fruit.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Celtis caucasica'' with immature fruit
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Cannabaceae]]
| genus = '''''Celtis'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text
}}
'''Hackberry''' ''Celtis'' is a genus of about 60-70 species of [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s widespread in warm temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], in southern [[Europe]], southern and eastern [[Asia]], and southern and central [[North America]], and south to central [[Africa]]. They are generally medium-sized trees, reaching 10-25 m tall, rarely up to 40 m tall.
Previously included either in the elm family [[Ulmaceae]] or their own family the Celtidaceae, genetic analysis by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] has shown they are best placed in the hemp family [[Cannabaceae]].
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, 3-15 cm long, [[leaf shape|ovate-acuminate]], and evenly serrated margins.
Small [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]] flowers appear in early spring while the leaves are still developing. Male flowers are longer and fuzzy. Female flowers are greenish and more rounded.
The [[fruit]] is a small [[drupe]] 6-10 mm diameter, edible in many species, with a dryish but sweet, sugary consistency, reminiscent of a [[Date Palm|date]].
Several species are grown as [[ornamental tree]]s, valued for their [[drought]] tolerance.
;Selected species
*''[[Celtis africana]]'' – White Stinkwood
*''[[Celtis australis]]'' – European Hackberry
*''[[Celtis bungeana]]'' – Bunge's Hackberry
*''[[Celtis caucasica]]'' – Caucasian Hackberry
*''[[Celtis integrifolia]]'' – African Hackberry
*''[[Celtis jessoensis]]'' – Japanese Hackberry
*''[[Celtis koraiensis]]'' – Korean Hackberry
*''[[Celtis labilis]]'' – Hubei Hackberry
*''[[Celtis laevigata]]'' – Southern Hackberry or Sugar Hackberry or Sugarberry
*''[[Celtis occidentalis]]'' – Common Hackberry
*''[[Celtis reticulata]]'' – Netleaf Hackberry
*''[[Celtis sinensis]]'' – Chinese Hackberry
*''[[Celtis tala]]'' – Tala
*''[[Celtis tenuifolia]]'' – Dwarf Hackberry
*''[[Celtis tournefortii]]'' – Oriental Hackberry
<gallery>
Image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruit.JPG|''Celtis occidentalis''
Image:Southern Hackberry.jpg|Southern Hackberry or 'Sugarberry' (''Celtis laevigata'')
Image:Celtis integrifolia.jpg|''Celtis integrifolia'' in Senegal
Image:Illustration Celtis australis0.jpg|European Hackberry (''Celtis australis'') from Thomé, ''Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz'' (1885)
</gallery>
==External links==
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/celal.htm ''Celtis laevigata'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/ceoco2.htm ''Celtis occidentalis'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
[[Category:Cannabaceae]]
[[Category:Flora of Armenia]]
[[Category:Flora of Argentina]]
[[Category:Flora of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Flora of Caucasus]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Hackberry
| image = Celtis-caucasica-fruit.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Celtis caucasica'' with immature fruit
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Cannabaceae]]
| genus = '''''Celtis'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text
}}
'''Hackberry''' ''Celtis'' is a genus of about 60-70 species of [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s widespread in warm temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], in southern [[Europe]], southern and eastern [[Asia]], and southern and central [[North America]], and south to central [[Africa]]. They are generally medium-sized trees, reaching 10-25 m tall, rarely up to 40 m tall.
Previously included either in the elm family [[Ulmaceae]] or their own family the Celtidaceae, genetic analysis by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] has shown they are best placed in the hemp family [[Cannabaceae]].
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, 3-15 cm long, [[leaf shape|ovate-acuminate]], and evenly serrated margins.
Small [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]] flowers appear in early spring while the leaves are still developing. Male flowers are longer and fuzzy. Female flowers are greenish and more rounded.
The [[fruit]] is a small [[drupe]] 6-10 mm diameter, edible in many species, with a dryish but sweet, sugary consistency, reminiscent of a [[Date Palm|date]].
Several species are grown as [[ornamental tree]]s, valued for their [[drought]] tolerance.
;Selected species
*''[[Celtis africana]]'' – White Stinkwood
*''[[Celtis australis]]'' – European Hackberry
*''[[Celtis bungeana]]'' – Bunge's Hackberry
*''[[Celtis caucasica]]'' – Caucasian Hackberry
*''[[Celtis integrifolia]]'' – African Hackberry
*''[[Celtis jessoensis]]'' – Japanese Hackberry
*''[[Celtis koraiensis]]'' – Korean Hackberry
*''[[Celtis labilis]]'' – Hubei Hackberry
*''[[Celtis laevigata]]'' – Southern Hackberry or Sugar Hackberry or Sugarberry
*''[[Celtis occidentalis]]'' – Common Hackberry
*''[[Celtis reticulata]]'' – Netleaf Hackberry
*''[[Celtis sinensis]]'' – Chinese Hackberry
*''[[Celtis tala]]'' – Tala
*''[[Celtis tenuifolia]]'' – Dwarf Hackberry
*''[[Celtis tournefortii]]'' – Oriental Hackberry
<gallery>
Image:Celtis-occidentalis-fruit.JPG|''Celtis occidentalis''
Image:Southern Hackberry.jpg|Southern Hackberry or 'Sugarberry' (''Celtis laevigata'')
Image:Celtis integrifolia.jpg|''Celtis integrifolia'' in Senegal
Image:Illustration Celtis australis0.jpg|European Hackberry (''Celtis australis'') from Thomé, ''Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz'' (1885)
</gallery>
==External links==
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/celal.htm ''Celtis laevigata'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/ceoco2.htm ''Celtis occidentalis'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
[[Category:Cannabaceae]]
[[Category:Flora of Armenia]]
[[Category:Flora of Argentina]]
[[Category:Flora of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Flora of Caucasus]]
