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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Oxalidaceae
|genus=Oxalis
|genus=Oxalis
|taxo_author=L.
|common_name=Oxalis
|habit=herbaceous
|origin=Worldwide
|lifespan=perennial, annual
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image=Upload.png
|image=Oxalis Sagol (1).jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
|image_caption=Oxalis
}}
}}
'''''Oxalis''''' ({{pron-en|ˈɒksəlɪs}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is by far the largest [[genus]] in the wood-sorrel family [[Oxalidaceae]]: of the approximately 900 known [[species]] in the Oxalidaceae, 800 belong here. The genus occurs throughout most of the world.
Includes species are known as '''wood-sorrels''', '''yellow-sorrels''', '''pink-sorrels''', '''false shamrocks''', and '''"[[sourgrass]]es"'''.
These plants are [[annual plant|annual]] or [[perennial plant|perennial]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are divided into three to ten or more obovate and top notched leaflets, arranged palmately with all the leaflets of roughly equal size. The majority of species have three leaflets; in these species, the leaves are superficially similar to those of some [[clover]]s.
The [[flower]]s have five [[petal]]s, which are usually fused at the base, and ten [[stamen]]s. The petal color varies from white to pink, red or yellow; [[anthocyanin]]s and [[xanthophyll]]s may be present or absent but are generally not both present together in significant quantities, meaning that few wood-sorrels have bright orange flowers. The [[fruit]] is a small [[Capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing several [[seed]]s. The [[root]]s are often [[tuber]]ous and [[Succulent plant|succulent]], and several species also <!--also? do any species produce bulbils as well as tubers?--> reproduce vegetatively by production of [[bulb]]ils, which detach to produce new plants.
Some species – notably [[Oxalis pes-caprae|Bermuda-buttercup]] (''O. pes-caprae'') and [[Oxalis corniculata|creeping woodsorrel]] (''O. corniculata'') – are pernicious [[invasive species|invasive]] [[weed]]s when escaping from cultivation outside their native ranges; the ability of most wood-sorrels to store reserve energy in their [[tuber]]s makes them quite resistant to most [[weed control]] techniques.
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Oxalis (Greek, sharp, referring to the usual acidity of the foliage, which also gives the common name of sorrel). Oxalidaceae, formerly treated as a division of Geraniaceae. Mostly bulbous or tuberous herbs with clover-like leaves, usually cultivated as hanging-basket or window plants for their flowers; a few are used in salads and several South American species like O. Deppei (Gn. 8, p. 43) furnish edible roots or tubers.
Oxalis (Greek, sharp, referring to the usual acidity of the foliage, which also gives the common name of sorrel). Oxalidaceae, formerly treated as a division of Geraniaceae. Mostly bulbous or tuberous herbs with clover-like leaves, usually cultivated as hanging-basket or window plants for their flowers; a few are used in salads and several South American species like O. Deppei (Gn. 8, p. 43) furnish edible roots or tubers.
Annual, or with a bulbous, tuberous or creeping, perennial rootstpck: lys. alternate, mostly digitateiy compound (3-foliolate in the native species): peduncles axillary, 1- to several-fld.; sepals and petals 5; stamens 10, monadelphous at base, 5 longer and 5 shorter; ovary 5-celled; several ovules in each cell; styles 5: caps, loculicidally dehiscent.—Over 400 species mostly of S. Afr. and the warmer parts of Amer. The fls. usually close at night and in cloudy weather, and the Lvs. "sleep" at night (Fig. 2690). Trimorphic heterogone fls. occur in many species; our native O. violacea, sometimes grown as a hardy perennial, presents long- and short-styled fls.; and our common native yellow-fld. species offer puzzling transitions between heterogone and homogone types. The small seeds are interestingly discharged from the fr. by the pressure of a fleshy outer envelope. The classical works on the genus are Jacquin's Oxalis Monographia (1794) and Zuccarini's Monographic der Amenkanischen Oxalis-Arten, and its Nachtrag (1825-31). Many of the earlier species, characterized by the relative length of stamens and styles, prove to be long-, short-, and mid-styled forms of identical species. The principal groups are sometimes segregated as distinct genera.
Annual, or with a bulbous, tuberous or creeping, perennial rootstpck: lys. alternate, mostly digitateiy compound (3-foliolate in the native species): peduncles axillary, 1- to several-fld.; sepals and petals 5; stamens 10, monadelphous at base, 5 longer and 5 shorter; ovary 5-celled; several ovules in each cell; styles 5: caps, loculicidally dehiscent.—Over 400 species mostly of S. Afr. and the warmer parts of Amer. The fls. usually close at night and in cloudy weather, and the Lvs. "sleep" at night. Trimorphic heterogone fls. occur in many species; our native O. violacea, sometimes grown as a hardy perennial, presents long- and short-styled fls.; and our common native yellow-fld. species offer puzzling transitions between heterogone and homogone types. The small seeds are interestingly discharged from the fr. by the pressure of a fleshy outer envelope. The classical works on the genus are Jacquin's Oxalis Monographia (1794) and Zuccarini's Monographic der Amenkanischen Oxalis-Arten, and its Nachtrag (1825-31). Many of the earlier species, characterized by the relative length of stamens and styles, prove to be long-, short-, and mid-styled forms of identical species. The principal groups are sometimes segregated as distinct genera.
Generally speaking, the genus Oxalis is not highly esteemed by the florists. However, several species and varieties are used in masses for floral displays in botanical collections. The noteworthy species occasionally seen are O. Bowiei, O. lasiandra and its varieties alba, caerulescens and lilacina, O. variabilis and its varieties alba and rubra, O. Simsii, and O. rosea. When used for display during February or March, the bulbs or tubers should be cleaned and divided into convenient sizes during August or September. Excellent results may be accomplished by potting three bulbs, forming a triangle in each 4-inch spot, placing them just below the surface of the soil. The soil ingredients should consist of loam, leaf-soil and sand, in proportion to give a good porous medium. As root" action and growth increase, repot into 5- or 6-inch pots, which will carry them throughout the flowering period. Occasionally the crowns have a tendency to rise above the level of the soil; these may be lowered during repotting. When the plants are well rooted, periodical watering with organic fertilizer will help the development of good substantial flowers. During growth place the plants on the side stages near the glass in a temperature of 60° F. After the flowering period gradually reduce the water-supply and finally place in a cool cellar for the resting-period or under the greenhouse bench, laying the pots side down. Specimen clumps are an acquisition planted below the benches in the floral display house; under these conditions they will practically naturalize themselves. Plants are also conveniently grown as common house plants, either in hanging-baskets or as pot-plants for the window during the summer months. When dormant they are easily stored in the cellar. A disappointing feature is the partial closing of the flowers during dull weather.
Generally speaking, the genus Oxalis is not highly esteemed by the florists. However, several species and varieties are used in masses for floral displays in botanical collections. The noteworthy species occasionally seen are O. Bowiei, O. lasiandra and its varieties alba, caerulescens and lilacina, O. variabilis and its varieties alba and rubra, O. Simsii, and O. rosea. When used for display during February or March, the bulbs or tubers should be cleaned and divided into convenient sizes during August or September. Excellent results may be accomplished by potting three bulbs, forming a triangle in each 4-inch spot, placing them just below the surface of the soil. The soil ingredients should consist of loam, leaf-soil and sand, in proportion to give a good porous medium. As root" action and growth increase, repot into 5- or 6-inch pots, which will carry them throughout the flowering period. Occasionally the crowns have a tendency to rise above the level of the soil; these may be lowered during repotting. When the plants are well rooted, periodical watering with organic fertilizer will help the development of good substantial flowers. During growth place the plants on the side stages near the glass in a temperature of 60° F. After the flowering period gradually reduce the water-supply and finally place in a cool cellar for the resting-period or under the greenhouse bench, laying the pots side down. Specimen clumps are an acquisition planted below the benches in the floral display house; under these conditions they will practically naturalize themselves. Plants are also conveniently grown as common house plants, either in hanging-baskets or as pot-plants for the window during the summer months. When dormant they are easily stored in the cellar. A disappointing feature is the partial closing of the flowers during dull weather.
O. japonica, Franch. & Sav. Lfts. broadly triangular, scarcely notched, and truncate. Otherwise similar to O. Acetosella. Japan. —O. violacea. Linn. Lvs. rather fleshy, glabrous: fls. in simple umbels, rose-violet. E. U. S. B.M. 2215. Mn. 5:121.—Scarcely useful, except for hardy borders or rockeries.
O. japonica, Franch. & Sav. Lfts. broadly triangular, scarcely notched, and truncate. Otherwise similar to O. Acetosella. Japan. —O. violacea. Linn. Lvs. rather fleshy, glabrous: fls. in simple umbels, rose-violet. E. U.S.—Scarcely useful, except for hardy borders or rockeries.
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==Varieties==
==Varieties==
Selected species:
[[Image:Oxalis arborea1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Oxalis arborea]]'']]
[[Image:Oxalis articulata rubra0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Oxalis articulata]]'' ssp. ''rubra'']]
[[Image:Oxalis corymbosa 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Oxalis corymbosa]]'']]
[[Image:Oxalis dehradunensis (Dun Ambushi) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9725.jpg|thumb|''[[Oxalis dehradunensis]]'']]
[[Image:Oxalis gigantea 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Oxalis gigantea]]'' branch]]
[[File:Lyc oviposit.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pale Grass Blue]] (''Pseudozizeeria maha'') of the dry-season brood laying eggs on ''Oxalis'']]
<div float="left">
{{col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-1-of-2}}
* ''[[Common wood sorrel|Oxalis acetosella]]'' – common wood sorrel, stabwort
* ''[[Oxalis adenophylla]]'' – Chilean oxalis, silver shamrock
* ''[[Oxalis albicans]]'' – hairy woodsorrel, white oxalis, radishroot woodsorrel, radishroot yellow-sorrel, California yellow-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis alpina]]'' – alpine sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis ambigua]]''
* ''[[Oxalis amblyosepala]]''<!-- BiologicalConservation141:1475. -->
* ''[[Oxalis arborea]]'' <small>Hort.</small>
* ''[[Oxalis arenia]]''
* ''[[Oxalis articulata]]'' <small>Savign.</small> – pink-sorrel
** ''Oxalis articulata'' ssp. ''rubra'' <small>(St.Hil.) Lourteig</small>
* ''[[Oxalis ausensis]]''
* ''[[Oxalis barrelieri]]'' – lavender sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis bowiei]]'' – Bowie's wood-sorrel, Cape shamrock
* ''[[Oxalis brasiliensis]]''
* ''[[Oxalis bulbocastanum]]''
* ''[[Oxalis caerulea]]'' – [[Blue Wood-sorrel|blue wood sorrel]]
* ''[[Oxalis carnosa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis callosa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis chnoodes]]''
* ''[[Oxalis commutata]]''
* ''[[Oxalis compressa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis comptonii]]''<!-- BiologicalConservation141:1475. -->
* ''[[Oxalis convexula]]''
* ''[[Oxalis corymbosa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis corniculata]]'' – creeping wood sorrel, procumbent yellow-sorrel, sleeping beauty, ''chichoda bhaji'' (India)
* ''[[Oxalis crassipes]]''
* ''[[Oxalis debilis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
** ''Oxalis debilis'' var. ''corymbosa'' <small>(DC.) Lourteig</small> – large-flowered pink-sorrel (= ''O. corymbosa''<!-- DC. -->)
* ''[[Oxalis decaphylla]]'' – ten-leaved pink-sorrel, tenleaf wood sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis dehradunensis]]''
* ''[[Oxalis depressa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis dichondrifolia]]'' – peonyleaf wood sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis dillenii]]'' <small>Jacquin</small> – southern yellow woodsorrel, Dillen's woodsorrel, Sussex yellow-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis drummondii]]'' – Drummond's woodsorrel, chevron oxalis
* ''[[Oxalis ecuadorensis]]''
* ''[[Oxalis eggersii]]'' – Egger's wood-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis engleriana]]''
* ''[[Scurvy-grass sorrel|Oxalis enneaphylla]]'' – scurvy-grass sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis exilis]]'' – least yellow-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis fabaefolia]]''
* ''[[Oxalis flava]]''
* ''[[Oxalis fourcadei]]'' <small>Salter</small>
* ''[[Oxalis frutescens]]'' – shrubby wood-sorrel
** ''Oxalis frutescens'' ssp. ''angustifolia''
* ''[[Oxalis giftbergensis]]''<!-- BiologicalConservation141:1475. -->
* ''[[Oxalis gigantea]]''
* ''[[Oxalis glabra]]''
* ''[[Oxalis goniorhiza]]''
* ''[[Oxalis grandis]]'' – great yellow-sorrel, large yellow woodsorrel
* ''[[Oxalis griffithii]]'' <small>Edgew. & Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Oxalis hedysaroides]]'' – fire fern
* ''[[Oxalis hirta]]'' – hairy sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis hygrophila]]''<!-- BiologicalConservation141:1475. -->
* ''[[Oxalis illinoensis]]'' – Illinois wood-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis inaequalis]]''
* ''[[Oxalis incarnata]]'' <small>L.</small> – pale pink-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis intermedia]]'' – West Indian wood-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis laciniata]]''
* ''[[Oxalis lasiandra]]'' – Mexican shamrock
* ''[[Oxalis latifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small> – garden pink-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis livida]]''
* ''[[Oxalis luederitzii]]''
{{col-2-of-2}}
* ''[[Oxalis luteola]]'' <small>Jacq.</small>
* ''[[Oxalis macrocarpa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis magellanica]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small>
* ''[[Oxalis magnifica]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Oxalis mallobolva]]''
* ''[[Oxalis massoniana]]''
* ''[[Oxalis megalorrhiza]]'' – fleshy yellow-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis meisneri]]''
* ''[[Oxalis melanosticta]]''
* ''[[Oxalis micrantha]]''
* ''[[Oxalis montana]]'' – mountain woodsorrel, white woodsorrel
* ''[[Oxalis namaquana]]''
* ''[[Oxalis natans]]''<!-- BiologicalConservation141:1475. -->
* ''[[Oxalis nelsonii]]'' – Nelson's sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis nigrescens]]'' <small>A.St.-Hil.</small><!-- "nigrecens" is lapsus -->
* ''[[Oxalis norlindiana]]''
* ''[[Oxalis obliquifolia]]''
* ''[[Oxalis obtusa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis oculifera]]''<!-- BiolConserv141:1475. -->
* ''[[Oxalis oligophylla]]''<!-- BiolConserv141:1475. -->
* ''[[Redwood Sorrel|Oxalis oregana]]'' –|redwood sorrel, Oregon oxalis
* ''[[Oxalis oreophila]]''<!-- BiologicalConservation141:1475. -->
* ''[[Oxalis ortgiesii]]'' <small>Regel</small>
* ''[[Oxalis palmifrons]]''
* ''[[Oxalis pardalis]]''
* ''[[Oxalis pennelliana]]''
* ''[[Oxalis perennans]]''
* ''[[Oxalis peridicaria]]'' (= ''O. lobata'')
* ''[[Oxalis pes-caprae]]'' – Bermuda-buttercup, African wood-sorrel, Bermuda sorrel, buttercup oxalis, Cape sorrel, English weed, soursob, "[[goat's-foot]]", "[[sourgrass]]", "[[soursop]]"
* ''[[Oxalis polyphylla]]''
** ''Oxalis polyphylla heptaphylla''
* ''[[Oxalis priceae]]'' – tufted yellow-sorrel
** ''Oxalis priceae'' ssp. ''colorea''
** ''Oxalis priceae'' ssp. ''priceae''
** ''Oxalis priceae'' ssp. ''texana'' – Texas yellow-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis puberula]]''
* ''[[Oxalis purpurea]]'' <small>L.</small> – purple wood-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis radicosa]]'' – dwarf woodsorrel
* ''[[Oxalis regnellii]]''{{Verify source|date=October 2009}}<!-- probably O. triangularis var regnelli or similar --> – false shamrock, purple shamrock, love plant
* ''[[Oxalis repens]]'' <small>[[Thumb.]]</small>
* ''[[Oxalis rosea]]'' <small>Feuillée ex Jacq.</small> – annual pink-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis rubens]]''
* ''[[Oxalis rubra]]'' <small>A.St.-Hil.</small> – red wood-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis rufescens]]''
* ''[[Oxalis rugeliana]]'' – coamo
* ''[[Oxalis schaeferi]]''
* ''[[Oxalis spiralis]]'' – spiral sorrel, volcanic sorrel, velvet oxalis
* ''[[Oxalis squamata]]''
* ''[[Oxalis stricta]]''{{Verify source|date=February 2009}}<!-- might be O. fontana --> – common yellow woodsorrel, common yellow oxalis, upright yellow-sorrel, lemon clover, "[[pickle plant]]", "[[sourgrass]], "[[yellow woodsorrel]]"
* ''[[Oxalis suksdorfii]]'' – western yellow woodsorrel, western yellow oxalis
* ''[[Oxalis tenuifolia]]''
* ''[[Oxalis tetraphylla]]'' – four-leaved pink-sorrel, four-leaf sorrel, [[Iron Cross]] oxalis, "[[Lucky clover|lucky clover]]"
* ''[[Oxalis thompsoniae]]''
* ''[[Oxalis tomentosa]]''
* ''[[Oxalis trilliifolia]]'' – great oxalis, threeleaf woodsorrel
* ''[[Oca|Oxalis tuberosa]]'' – oca, oka, New Zealand yam
* ''[[Oxalis valdiviensis]]'' – Chilean yellow-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis versicolor]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Oxalis violacea]]'' – violet wood-sorrel
* ''[[Oxalis volcanicola]]''
* ''[[Oxalis zeekoevleyensis]]''
{{col-end}}
</div>
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
<gallery perrow=5>
File:2007-07-01Oxalis tetraphylla04.jpg|[[Four-leaved pink-sorrel]] (''[[Oxalis tetraphylla|O. tetraphylla]]'')
Image:Oxalis luteola 1.jpg|''[[Oxalis luteola]]''
Image:Oxalis magnifica 2.jpg|''[[Oxalis magnifica]]''
Image:Oxalis purpurea (Habitus) 2.jpg|[[Purple wood sorrel]] (''[[Oxalis purpurea|O. purpurea]]'')
File:Oca.jpg|Some [[Oca|oca]] (''O. tuberosa'') [[tuber]]s
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
