Edit Plant: Terminalia

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'''''Terminalia''''' is a [[genus]] of large trees of the [[flowering plant]] family, [[Combretaceae]], comprising around 100 [[species]] distributed in [[Tropics|tropical region]]s of the world. This genus gets it name from [[Latin]] ''terminus'', referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots. Trees of this genus are known especially as a source of secondary [[metabolite]]s, e.g. cyclic [[triterpene]]s and their derivatives, [[flavonoid]]s, [[tannin]]s, and other [[aromatic]]s. Some of these substances have [[antifungal]], [[antibacterial]], [[anti-cancer]] and [[hepatoprotective]] indications. {{Inc| Terminalia (alluding to the leaves being borne upon the terminus of the shoot). Combretaceae. Only one species, T. Catappa, the Indian almond or tropical almond, is well known in American horticulture, but several others are important in the Orient, principally for their fruits, known as myrobalans, which are used in dyeing, tanning, and in medicine. Leaves alternate, or rarely opposite, often crowded toward the ends of the branchlets, usually petiolate and entire: fls. sessile or nearly so, small, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, usually in elongated spikes but sometimes in heads; calyx-tube ovoid or cylindrical, constricted above the ovary, the limb urn-shaped or campanulate, 5-toothed, usually deciduous; petals none; stamens 10, in 2 series, the 5 inferior opposite the calyx-teeth, the 5 superior longer, alternating with the teeth; filaments exserted, subulate or filiform; anthers small, the lobes scarcely connected; ovary unilocular, style subulate, often villous at base, stigma simple; ovules 2, rarely 3: fr. a drupe, ovoid, angular, compressed or 2-5-winged, 1-seeded, the cotyledons convolute.—A genus of about 100 species distributed throughout the tropics, principally in S. Asia, with only a few in Amer. T. Arjuna, Bedd., a large tree indigenous to Cent. and S. India, and cult. in other parts of the country, has recently been intro. to the U. S. and is doing finely in S. Fla. The bark is sometimes used in dyeing and tanning, according to Watt, and also in native medicine. —T. australis, Cambess., Brazil and Argentina, has been intro. in S. Calif.: described as a medium-sized and very rapid-growing tree of symmetrical shape, suitable for street planting: lvs. small for the genus, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, shining above: fls. in roundish congested long-peduncled heads: drupe glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, beaked, with plicate margin.—T. Bellerica, Roxbg., the beleric myrobalan, a large tree found throughout the forests of India, Burma, and other parts of S. Asia, yields a fr. which is exported from India for use in tanning. The kernels are eaten in India, but are said by Watt to cause intoxication if taken in excess. —T. Benzoe, Pers., properly T. angustifolia, Jacq., has recently been intro. to S. Fla., and promises to succeed. It is a handsome tree with narrow lvs., indigenous to Malaya.—Under the name of T. edulis, Blanco, a plant has recently been intro. to the U. S. from the Philippines which is probably T. Bellerica. It is doing well in S. Fla. and promises to be an unusually handsome ornamental. Barrett says of it "this magnificent large forest tree occurs, not very commonly, in the provinces of Bataan and Cavite (Philippines). In the rainy season abundant crops of cherry-like frs., about 2-3 cm. in diam., are produced. Each fr. contains 1 seed surrounded by sweet pulp somewhat resembling that of the duhat (Eugenia jambolana) in flavor. The pulp with the addition of lemon or some other acid juice makes a beautifully colored jelly." The tree is known as "calompit" in the Philippines. {{SCH}} }} ==Cultivation== {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Propagation=== {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ===Pests and diseases=== {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --> ==Species== [[File:Flowers with Sykes's warbler I IMG 1880.jpg|thumb|''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'' flowers]] [[File:Terminalia bellerica W IMG 9222.jpg|thumb|''Terminalia bellerica'' trunk]] [[File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0494.jpg|thumb|''[[Terminalia catappa]]'' flowers with a Hoverfly- a close up]] [[File:Harra (Terminalia chebula) hanging fruit at 23 Mile, Duars, WB W IMG 5902.jpg|thumb|''[[Terminalia chebula]]'' fruit]] ;Selected species *''[[Terminalia acuminata]]'' *''[[Terminalia alata]]'' (''T. elliptica'', ''T. tomentosa'') – Indian Laurel *''[[Terminalia altissima]]'' (''T. superba'') – White afara *''[[Terminalia amazonia]]'' (''T. hayesii'', ''Chuncoa amazonia'') – White Olive *''[[Terminalia angustifolia]]'' (''T. bentzoë'', ''T. bentzoin'', ''T. mauritiana'') *''[[Terminalia arborea]]'' (''T. citrina'') *''[[Terminalia arbuscula]]'' *''[[Terminalia archipelagi]]'' *''[[Terminalia arostrata]]'' *''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'' (''Pentaptera arjuna'', ''Pentaptera glabra'') – Arjuna, Koha, White Marudah *''[[Terminalia australis]]'' – [[Palo amarillo]], Tanimbú *''[[Terminalia avicennioides]]'' *''[[Terminalia bellirica]]'' (''Myrobalanus bellirica'') – [[beleric]] *''[[Terminalia bialata]]'' – Indian Silver Greywood, Silver Greywood *''[[Terminalia brachystemma]]'' *''[[Terminalia brassii]]'' *''[[Terminalia bucidoides]]'' *''[[Terminalia buceras]]'' (''Bucida buceras'') – Black olive *''[[Terminalia bursarina]]'' - Bendee *''[[Terminalia calamansanai]]'' *''[[Terminalia catappa]]'' – Indian almond, Tropical almond, Umbrella tree *''[[Terminalia chebula]]'' (''T. reticulata'') – Black Myrobalan, Chebulic Myrobalan, Inknut *''[[Terminalia cherrieri]]'' *''[[Terminalia ciliata]]'' *''[[Terminalia citrina]]'' *''[[Terminalia copelandii]]'' (''T. procera'') *''[[Terminalia corticosa]]'' (''T. mucronata'') *''[[Terminalia eddowesii]]'' *''[[Terminalia edulis]]'' (''T. microcarpa'') *''[[Terminalia elliptica]]'' - Indian-laurel (''T. alata, T. tomentosa'') *''[[Terminalia eriostachya]]'' *''[[Terminalia erythrophylla]]'' (''T. erythrophyllum'') *''[[Terminalia ferdinandiana]]'' — [[Kakadu plum]] *''[[Terminalia foetidissima]]'' (''T. ovocarpa'') *''[[Terminalia franchetii]]'' (''T. triptera'') *''[[Terminalia glabrescens]]'' *''[[Terminalia glaucifolia]]'' *''[[Terminalia hararensis]]'' *''[[Terminalia hecistocarpa]]'' *''[[Terminalia intermedia]]'' *''[[Terminalia ivorensis]]'' – Idigbo, Black Afara, Blackbark, Brimstone Wood, Shingle Wood *''[[Terminalia januariensis]]'' *''[[Terminalia kaernbachii]]'' (''T. okari'') – okari nut *''[[Terminalia kangeanensis]]'' *''[[Terminalia kuhlmannii]]'' *''[[Terminalia latifolia]]'' *''[[Terminalia mantaly]]'' - Madagascar almond *''[[Terminalia molinetii]]'' (''Bucida molinetii'') *''[[Terminalia muelleri]]'' *''[[Terminalia myriocarpa]]'' *''[[Terminalia nitens]]'' *''[[Terminalia novocaledonica]]'' *''[[Terminalia oblongata]]'' *''[[Terminalia obovata]]'' *''[[Terminalia oliveri]]'' *''[[Terminalia paniculata]]'' *''[[Terminalia parviflora]]'' *''[[Terminalia pellucida]]'' *''[[Terminalia phanerophlebia]]'' *''[[Terminalia phellocarpa]]'' *''[[Terminalia prunioides]]'' - Purple pod terminalia *''[[Terminalia reitzii]]'' *''[[Terminalia rerei]]'' *''[[Terminalia schimperiana]]'' *''[[Terminalia sericea]]'' - Silver terminalia *''[[Terminalia seriocarpa]]'' - Damson *''[[Terminalia subspathulata]]'' *''[[Terminalia superba]]'' – Limba *''[[Terminalia tripteroides]]'' *''[[Terminalia volucris]]'' - Rosewood ==Gallery== <gallery perrow="5"> File:Semi-looper from Noctuidae family on Terminalia bellerica W IMG_9218.jpg|''[[Terminalia bellerica]]'' leaves being eaten by Semi-looper from ''[[Noctuidae]]'' family File:Terminalia bellerica W IMG_9219.jpg|''[[Terminalia bellerica]]'' leaves being eaten by Semi-looper from ''[[Noctuidae]]'' family File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0495.jpg|''[[Terminalia catappa]]'' flowers with a Hoverfly Image:Terminalia muelleri trunk in Talakona, AP W IMG 8294.jpg|''[[Terminalia muelleri]]'' in [[Talakona]] forest, in [[Chittoor District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Image:Terminalia muelleri leaves in Talakona, AP W IMG 8296.jpg|''[[Terminalia muelleri]]'' in [[Talakona]] forest, in [[Chittoor District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. Image:Terminalia porphyrocarpa foliage and flowers.jpg |‎ ''T. porphyrocarpa'' foliage and flowers Image:Terminalia foliage.jpg ‎ |''T. porphyrocarpa'' foliage and flowers </gallery> ==References== *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> ==External links== *{{wplink}} {{stub}} __NOTOC__

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