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:''Hibiscus is also a name for a cocktail, see [[Mimosa (cocktail)]]''
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Hibiscus''
| image = Hibiscus_india.JPG
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = A hibiscus.
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malvales]]
| familia = [[Malvaceae]]
| genus = '''''Hibiscus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = [[#Species|Over 200 species]]
}}
'''''Hibiscus''''', or '''rosemallow''', is a large genus of about 200–220 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Malvaceae]], native to warm temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. The genus includes both annual and perennial [[herbaceous]] plants, and woody [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s.
==Description==
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin.
The [[flower]]s are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more [[petal]]s, ranging from white to pink, red, purple or yellow, and from 4-15 cm broad.
The [[fruit]] is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several [[seed]]s in each lobe, which are released when the capsule splits open at maturity.
<gallery>
Image:Hibiscus1.jpg|<center>A hibiscus, showing [[pistil]] and [[stamen]]s</center>
<!-- Unsourced image removed: Image:hibiscus_stigma_anther.jpg|<center>[[Stigma]] and [[anther]]s of a hibiscus</center> -->
Image:Hibiscus-stages.jpg|<center>At left, a flower emerges from a bud. At right, the same flower less than 18 hours later.</center>
</gallery>
==Use==
[[Image:Hawaiian Flower.JPG|right|thumb|A white hibiscus in Hawaii.]]
[[Image:Hibiscus India Kerala1.jpg|right|thumb|A red Hibiscus of [[Kerala]]<br>(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).]]
Many species are grown for their showy [[flower]]s or used as landscape [[shrub]]s.
One species of ''Hibiscus'', known as [[Kenaf]] (''Hibiscus cannabinus''), is extensively used in [[paper]] making. Another, [[Roselle (plant)|roselle]] (''Hibiscus sabdariffa'') is used as a [[vegetable]] and to make [[herbal tea]]s and [[jam]]s (especially in the Caribbean). In Latin America, the drink is known as [[jamaica (drink)]] and is quite popular. It is made from calyces of the roselle plant. In Egypt and Sudan, roselle petals make a tea named after the plant, [[karkade]].
''Hibiscus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Chionodes|Chionodes hibiscella]]'', ''[[Hypercompe|Hypercompe hambletoni]]'', the [[Nutmeg (moth)|Nutmeg moth]], and the [[Turnip Moth]].
The Hibiscus is used as an offering to God [[Kali]] and Lord [[Ganesha]] in [[Hindu]] worship.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong fibers. They can be obtained by letting the stripped bark sit in the sea in order to let the organic material rot away. In [[Polynesia]] these fibers (fau, pūrau) are used for making grass skirts. They have also been known to be used to make wigs.
Hibiscus, espcially white hibiscus is considered to have medicinal properties in the Indian traditional system of medicine, [[Ayurveda]]. Roots make various decoctions believed to cure various ailments.
The natives of southern India uses the Red hibiscus- the ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' for hair care purposes. The red flower and leaves, extracts of which can be applied on hair to tackle hair-fall and dandruff on the scalp. It is used to make hair protective oils. A simple application involves soaking the leaves and flowers in water and using a wet grinder to make a thick paste, and used as a natural shampoo.
===National symbol===
The ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' (''Bunga Raya'' or "[[Chinese hibiscus]]") is the national flower of [[Malaysia]].
The ''ma‘o hau hele'' (''[[Hawaiian hibiscus|Hibiscus brackenridgei]]'') is the state flower of Hawai‘i.
The ''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'' (''Mugunghwa'' or "Rose of Sharon") is the national flower of [[South Korea]].
The Native Hibiscus is a national emblem of the [[Stolen Generation]] of indigenous peoples in Australia. Its colour denotes compassion and spiritual healing.
==Species==
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] species is ''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'', the common garden Hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated ''[[Hypericum calycinum]]'', also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the [[Chinese hibiscus]] (''H. rosa-sinensis''), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
About 200-220 species are known, including:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*''[[Hibiscus acetosella]]''
*''[[Hibiscus arnottianus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o]]
*''[[Hibiscus brackenridgei]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Ma'o hau hele]]
*''[[Hibiscus calyphyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus cameronii]]''
*''[[Hibiscus cannabinus]]'' - [[Kenaf]]
*''[[Hibiscus cisplatinus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus clayi]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus]] (red)
*''[[Hibiscus coccineus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus dasycalyx]]'' - Neches River rose-mallow
*''[[Hibiscus denudatus]]'' - [[Pale face]]
*''[[Hibiscus diversifolius]]''
*''[[Hibiscus elatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus fragilis]]'' - [[Mandrinette]]
*''[[Hibiscus furcellatus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|'Akiohala]]
*''[[Hibiscus fuscus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus grandiflorus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hamabo]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hastatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus heterophyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus indicus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus insularis]]'' - Phillip Island Hibiscus
{{col-2}}
*''[[Hibiscus kokio]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o 'ula]]
*''[[Hibiscus laevis]]'' - [[Halberd-leaved rosemallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus lasiocarpos]]''
*''[[Hibiscus lavaterioides]]''
*''[[Hibiscus ludwigii]]''
*''[[Hibiscus macrophyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus militaris]]'' - Syn. of ''Hibiscus laevis''
*''[[Hibiscus moscheutos]]'' - [[Hibiscus moscheutos|Swamp Rose-mallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus mutabilis]]'' - [[Cotton rosemallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus paramutabilis]]''
*''[[Hibiscus pedunculatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus platanifolius]]''
*''[[Hibiscus radiatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]'' - [[Chinese hibiscus]]
*''[[Hibiscus sabdariffa]]'' - [[Roselle (plant)|Roselle]] or Omutete or Sorrel
*''[[Hibiscus schizopetalus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus scottii]]''
*''[[Hibiscus sinosyriacus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'' - [[Hibiscus syriacus|Hibiscus]]
*''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Hau]]
*''[[Hibiscus trionum]]'' - [[Flower-of-an-Hour]]
*''[[Hibiscus waimeae]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o ke'oke'o]]
{{col-end}}
{{commons|Hibiscus}}
[[Category:Hibiscus]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Hibiscus''
| image = Hibiscus_india.JPG
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = A hibiscus.
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malvales]]
| familia = [[Malvaceae]]
| genus = '''''Hibiscus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = [[#Species|Over 200 species]]
}}
'''''Hibiscus''''', or '''rosemallow''', is a large genus of about 200–220 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Malvaceae]], native to warm temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. The genus includes both annual and perennial [[herbaceous]] plants, and woody [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s.
==Description==
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin.
The [[flower]]s are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more [[petal]]s, ranging from white to pink, red, purple or yellow, and from 4-15 cm broad.
The [[fruit]] is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several [[seed]]s in each lobe, which are released when the capsule splits open at maturity.
<gallery>
Image:Hibiscus1.jpg|<center>A hibiscus, showing [[pistil]] and [[stamen]]s</center>
<!-- Unsourced image removed: Image:hibiscus_stigma_anther.jpg|<center>[[Stigma]] and [[anther]]s of a hibiscus</center> -->
Image:Hibiscus-stages.jpg|<center>At left, a flower emerges from a bud. At right, the same flower less than 18 hours later.</center>
</gallery>
==Use==
[[Image:Hawaiian Flower.JPG|right|thumb|A white hibiscus in Hawaii.]]
[[Image:Hibiscus India Kerala1.jpg|right|thumb|A red Hibiscus of [[Kerala]]<br>(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).]]
Many species are grown for their showy [[flower]]s or used as landscape [[shrub]]s.
One species of ''Hibiscus'', known as [[Kenaf]] (''Hibiscus cannabinus''), is extensively used in [[paper]] making. Another, [[Roselle (plant)|roselle]] (''Hibiscus sabdariffa'') is used as a [[vegetable]] and to make [[herbal tea]]s and [[jam]]s (especially in the Caribbean). In Latin America, the drink is known as [[jamaica (drink)]] and is quite popular. It is made from calyces of the roselle plant. In Egypt and Sudan, roselle petals make a tea named after the plant, [[karkade]].
''Hibiscus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Chionodes|Chionodes hibiscella]]'', ''[[Hypercompe|Hypercompe hambletoni]]'', the [[Nutmeg (moth)|Nutmeg moth]], and the [[Turnip Moth]].
The Hibiscus is used as an offering to God [[Kali]] and Lord [[Ganesha]] in [[Hindu]] worship.
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong fibers. They can be obtained by letting the stripped bark sit in the sea in order to let the organic material rot away. In [[Polynesia]] these fibers (fau, pūrau) are used for making grass skirts. They have also been known to be used to make wigs.
Hibiscus, espcially white hibiscus is considered to have medicinal properties in the Indian traditional system of medicine, [[Ayurveda]]. Roots make various decoctions believed to cure various ailments.
The natives of southern India uses the Red hibiscus- the ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' for hair care purposes. The red flower and leaves, extracts of which can be applied on hair to tackle hair-fall and dandruff on the scalp. It is used to make hair protective oils. A simple application involves soaking the leaves and flowers in water and using a wet grinder to make a thick paste, and used as a natural shampoo.
===National symbol===
The ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' (''Bunga Raya'' or "[[Chinese hibiscus]]") is the national flower of [[Malaysia]].
The ''ma‘o hau hele'' (''[[Hawaiian hibiscus|Hibiscus brackenridgei]]'') is the state flower of Hawai‘i.
The ''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'' (''Mugunghwa'' or "Rose of Sharon") is the national flower of [[South Korea]].
The Native Hibiscus is a national emblem of the [[Stolen Generation]] of indigenous peoples in Australia. Its colour denotes compassion and spiritual healing.
==Species==
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] species is ''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'', the common garden Hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated ''[[Hypericum calycinum]]'', also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the [[Chinese hibiscus]] (''H. rosa-sinensis''), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
About 200-220 species are known, including:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*''[[Hibiscus acetosella]]''
*''[[Hibiscus arnottianus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o]]
*''[[Hibiscus brackenridgei]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Ma'o hau hele]]
*''[[Hibiscus calyphyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus cameronii]]''
*''[[Hibiscus cannabinus]]'' - [[Kenaf]]
*''[[Hibiscus cisplatinus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus clayi]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus]] (red)
*''[[Hibiscus coccineus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus dasycalyx]]'' - Neches River rose-mallow
*''[[Hibiscus denudatus]]'' - [[Pale face]]
*''[[Hibiscus diversifolius]]''
*''[[Hibiscus elatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus fragilis]]'' - [[Mandrinette]]
*''[[Hibiscus furcellatus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|'Akiohala]]
*''[[Hibiscus fuscus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus grandiflorus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hamabo]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hastatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus heterophyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus indicus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus insularis]]'' - Phillip Island Hibiscus
{{col-2}}
*''[[Hibiscus kokio]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o 'ula]]
*''[[Hibiscus laevis]]'' - [[Halberd-leaved rosemallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus lasiocarpos]]''
*''[[Hibiscus lavaterioides]]''
*''[[Hibiscus ludwigii]]''
*''[[Hibiscus macrophyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus militaris]]'' - Syn. of ''Hibiscus laevis''
*''[[Hibiscus moscheutos]]'' - [[Hibiscus moscheutos|Swamp Rose-mallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus mutabilis]]'' - [[Cotton rosemallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus paramutabilis]]''
*''[[Hibiscus pedunculatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus platanifolius]]''
*''[[Hibiscus radiatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]'' - [[Chinese hibiscus]]
*''[[Hibiscus sabdariffa]]'' - [[Roselle (plant)|Roselle]] or Omutete or Sorrel
*''[[Hibiscus schizopetalus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus scottii]]''
*''[[Hibiscus sinosyriacus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'' - [[Hibiscus syriacus|Hibiscus]]
*''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Hau]]
*''[[Hibiscus trionum]]'' - [[Flower-of-an-Hour]]
*''[[Hibiscus waimeae]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o ke'oke'o]]
{{col-end}}
{{commons|Hibiscus}}
[[Category:Hibiscus]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
