Difference between revisions of "Ipomoea"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Convolvulaceae
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| name = ''Ipomoea''
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|genus=Ipomoea
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| image = Ipomoea imperati1.jpg
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|taxo_author=L.
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| image_width = 250px
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|common_name=Morning glory, Moonflower
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| image_caption = ''Ipomoea imperati''
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|lifespan=perennial, annual
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|exposure=sun
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|features=flowers
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| ordo = [[Solanales]]
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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| familia = [[Convolvulaceae]]
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|image=Ipomoea carnea.jpg
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| genus = '''''Ipomoea'''''
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|image_width=240
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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|image_caption=Ipomoea carnea
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| subdivision = See text
 
 
}}
 
}}
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The [[genus]] '''''Ipomoea''''' ({{pron-en|ˌɪpɵˈmiːə}},<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> from the Greek ''ips ~ ipos,'' wormweed or bindweed, and ''homoeos,'' resembling, referring to the twining habit)  is the largest in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Convolvulaceae]], with over 500 [[species]]. Most of these are called '''"[[morning glory|morning glories]]"''', but this can refer to related genera also. Those formerly separated in ''Calonyction'' are called '''"[[moonflower]]s"'''. The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises [[annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous]] plants, [[liana]]s, [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s; most of the species are [[twining]] climbing plants.
  
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The [[genus]] '''''Ipomoea''''', with over 500 species, is the largest genus in the family [[Convolvulaceae]]. Most of the species bear the common name Morning Glory. The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises [[annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous]] plants, [[liana]]s, [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s; most of the species are twining climbing plants. Many species are known as [[morning glory]], a name shared with some other related genera.
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Most species have spectacular, colorful flowers and are often grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, and a number of [[cultivar]]s have been developed. Their deep flowers attract large [[Lepidoptera]] - especially [[Sphingidae]] such as the [[Pink-spotted Hawkmoth]] (''Agrius cingulata'') -, or even [[hummingbird]]s.
  
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The genus includes important [[food]] crops ([[sweet potato]] and [[Ipomoea aquatica|water spinach]]) and ''[[Ipomoea violacea|I. violacea]]'', source of the Mexican [[psychedelic]] drug, ''[[tlitliltzin]]''. Species and cultivars of ''Ipomoea'' grown as [[morning glory]] are popular in gardens for their often stunning flowers.
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Second, the genus includes [[food]] crops; the [[tuber]]s of [[Sweet Potato]] (''I. batatas'') and the leaves of [[Water Spinach]] (''I. aquatica'') are commercially important food items and have been for millennia.
  
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''Ipomoea'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species - see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Ipomoea]].
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{{Inc|
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Ipomoea (according to Linnaeus from ips, bindweed, and homoios, like, because of its resemblance to Convolvulus; but ips is a worm). Including Batatas, Operculina, and Pharbitis. Convolvulaceae. Morning-glory. Moonflower. Annual or perennial herbs, mostly twining, rarely trees (G.F. 7:364) or shrubs, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions. They are remarkable for easy culture, quick growth and beautiful flowers; hence the genus includes several of our most popular plants for covering verandas and screening unsightly objects.
  
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;Selected species
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The generic characters of Ipomoea are not clearly defined. It is distinguished from Convolvulus by having but 1 capitate or 2-3 globose stigmas, while Convolvulus has 2 linear or ovate stigmas. From Calonyction and Quamoclit it is distinguished by its funnelform corolla-tube and the stamens usually included. St. mostly slender, twining or climbing, sometimes prostrate, diffuse or erect: lvs. alternate, entire, lobed or parted, often varying greatly on the same plant: fls. usually showy, borne singly or in cymes on axillary peduncles; corolla funnelform, salverform or bell-shaped (in one species bag-shaped), the limb sometimes entire, but usually 5-angled or 5-lobed (a 5-petalled form of I. purpurea occurs as a monstrosity), red, purple, blue, white or yellow, in various shades and mixtures; calyx without the bracts at the base, which appear in some species of Convolvulus, but the outer sepals are commonly larger. The fls. of most species open in early morning and last but a few hours under bright sunlight, hence the popular name. A few open only at nightfall.—Over 400 species of which more than 200 occur in Trop. Amer., chiefly in Mex.
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*''[[Ipomoea alba]]'' L. – Moonflower
 
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*''[[Ipomoea amnicola]]'' Morong – Redcenter Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea aquatica]]'' – Water spinach
 
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*''[[Ipomoea asarifolia]]''
 
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*''[[Sweet potato|Ipomoea batatas]]'' (L.) Lam. – Sweet potato
 
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*''[[Ipomoea cairica]]'' Sweet. - Mile-a-minute vine
 
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*''[[Ipomoea coccinea]]''
 
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*''[[Ipomoea cordatotriloba]]''
 
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*''[[Ipomoea cordifolia]]'' Carey ex Voight – Heartleaf Morning Glory
 
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*''[[ Ipomoea costata]]'' Australian Bush Potato
 
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*''[[Ipomoea costellata]]'' Torr. – Crestrib Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea cristulata]]'' Hallier f. – Transpecos Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea dumetorum]]'' Willd. ex Roemer & J.A.Schultes – Railwaycreeper
 
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*''[[Ipomoea eggersiana]]'' Peter
 
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*''[[Ipomoea eggersii]]'' (House) D.Austin – Egger's Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea hederacea]]'' Jacq. – Ivyleaf Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea hederifolia]]'' L. – Scarlet Creeper
 
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*''[[Ipomoea horsfalliae]]'' Hook.f. – Lady Doorly's Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea imperati]]'' (Vahl) Griseb. – Beach Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea indica]]'' (Burm.f.) Merr. – Oceanblue Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea jalapa]]'' (L.) Pursh. – Jalap
 
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*''[[Ipomoea krugii]]'' Urban – Krug's White Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea lacunosa]]'' L. – Whitestar
 
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*''[[Ipomoea leptophylla]]'' Torr. – Bush Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea lindheimeri]]'' Gray – Lindheimer's Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea littoralis]]'' Blume – Whiteflower beach Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea lobata]]'' (Cerv.) Thell. - Spanish Flag or Fire Vine
 
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*''[[Ipomoea longifolia]]'' Benth. – Pinkthroat Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea macrorhiza]]'' Michx. – Largeroot Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea mauritiana]]'' Jacq. – Giant Potato
 
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*''[[Ipomoea meyeri]]'' (Spreng.) G.Don – Meyer's Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea microdactyla]]'' Griseb. – Calcareous Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea nil]]'' (L.) Roth – White-edge Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea obscura]]'' (L.) Ker Gawl. – Obscure Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea ochracea]]'' (Lindl.) G.Don – Fence Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea pandurata]]'' (L.) G.F.W.Mey. – Wild Potato Vine or Manroot
 
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*''[[Ipomoea pes-caprae]]'' (L.) R.Br. – Beach Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea plummerae]]'' Gray – Huachuca Mountain Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea pubescens]]'' Lam. – Silky Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea purga]]'' (Wender.) Hayne – Jalap
 
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*''[[Ipomoea purpurea]]'' (L.) Roth – Common Morning Glory or Tall Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea quamoclit]]'' L. – Cypress Vine or Cardinal Vine
 
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*''[[Ipomoea repanda]]'' Jacq. – Bejuco Colorado
 
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*''[[Ipomoea rupicola]]'' House – Cliff Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea sagittata]]'' Poir. – Saltmarsh Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea setifera]]'' Poir. – Bejuco de Puerco
 
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*''[[Ipomoea setosa]]'' Ker Gawl. – Brazilian Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea shumardiana]]'' (Torr.) Shinners – Narrowleaf Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea X sloteri]]'' – Cardinal Climber [''I. coccinea'' X ''I. quamoclit'']
 
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*''[[Ipomoea steudelii]]'' Millsp. – Steudel's Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea tenuiloba]]'' Torr. – Spiderleaf
 
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*''[[Ipomoea tenuissima]]'' Choisy – Rockland Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea ternifolia]]'' Cav. – Tripleleaf Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea thurberi]]'' Gray – Thurber's Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea tricolor]]'' Cav. – Tlitliltzin, Ololiuqui or Mexican Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea triloba]]'' L. – Littlebell
 
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*''[[Ipomoea tuberosa]]'' L.
 
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*''[[Ipomoea tuboides]]'' O.Deg. & van Ooststr. – Hawaii Morning Glory
 
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*''[[Ipomoea turbinata]]'' Lag. – Lilacbell
 
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*''[[Ipomoea violacea]]'' L. – Beach moonflower
 
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*''[[Ipomoea versicolor]]'' Meisn.
 
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*''[[Ipomoea wrightii]]'' Gray – Wright's Morning Glory
 
  
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<gallery>
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"The Japanese morning-glories," also called "Imperial" and "Emperor" morning-glories, were introduced to the American trade from Japan in 1895. They are probably selected strains of I. hederacea, although some botanists consider them to be of hybrid origin, possibly I. hederacea X I. tricolor. Maximowicz referred them to I. hederacea, and this appears to be the more reasonable disposition. The culture of the "asagoa" in Japan amounted to a popular craze about 1830, the equivalent of 814 to $18 sometimes being paid for a single seed of the rare sorts. With political disturbances came a decline of interest, but more recently the popular fancy for morning-glories has again revived. The Japanese gardeners grow their plants almost entirely in pots, and by constant attention have made them vary into many curious oddities in flower and foliage. Several finely illustrated books on the morning-glory alone are published in Japan. See also "Century Magazine," 55:281 (1897). The Japanese ipomeas are sold in this country mostly in strains, each package of seed giving flowers of many forms and colors. There are some inferior strains offered, and the flowers from these are often disappointing; yet as a class the Japanese morning-glories are the most gorgeous and versatile of garden ipomeas. If the seeds are notched they will generally give bloom in six weeks from sowing.
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Image:Ipomoea indica 3.jpg|''Ipomoea indica''
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Image:Koeh-077.jpg|''Ipomoea purga''
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Morning-glories are among the least exacting of garden plants as regards soil and site. Most species love a strong soil and sunny site, with plenty of water; but they will make the best of much that is uncongenial. The seeds of the annual kinds may be sown directly out- of-doors, but are preferably started indoors, at least in the North. If the plants are allowed to become slightly pot-bound before being transplanted, they will come into bloom earlier. Germination may be hastened and also made more certain by filing a small notch in each seed, or by soaking the seeds in warm water about two hours. The "moonflower" and the "Japanese morning- glories" particularly are likely to germinate poorly unless these precautions are taken.
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Image:Ipomoea purpurea pollen.jpg|Scanning electron micrograph of Ipomoea purpurea pollen.
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Image:Ipomoea_pandurata_20070816_01a.jpg|''Ipomoea pandurata'' in bloom.
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The perennial ipomeas are grown from seeds in some cases, but mostly from cuttings of well-ripened wood, layers, or division of the rootstocks. Some of the greenhouse species, notably I. horsfalliae, rarely produce seed and are rooted from stem-cuttings with great difficulty. These are often propagated successfully by grafting well-ripened shoots on pieces of their own roots, or the roots of I. pandurata. I. ternata roots from cuttings more readily, and I. learii and I. jalapa are easily propagated from cuttings.
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The rapid growth and dense foliage of most garden ipomeas make them especially valuable for covering arbors, verandas, walls, and for screening unsightly objects. I. purpurea, I. tricolor, I. hederacea are the most popular annual species for this purpose; and I. learii, I. setosa and I. pandurata are among the best perennials. In the South, the perennials may be carried through the winter outside by cutting off the stems and mulching the roots heavily in the fall; in the North the tubers should be taken up and wintered like dahlias, keeping them perfectly dry in a cool greenhouse or frost-proof cellar. I. leptophylla is valuable for very dry soils. I. bona-nox (see Calonyction aculeatum) is worthy of a place in every garden.
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The tender perennials are seen to advantage when trained to pillars, trellises, or along the roof of a greenhouse. Their roots should be given plenty of room to forage and their tops to spread. I. horsfalliae and its closely related species, I. ternata, are very satisfactory for this purpose. After flowering, the strong shoots should be cut back and the plant rested. Several species, particularly I. learii, I. tricolor and I. hederacea, make excellent pot-plants if they are kept somewhat pot-bound to induce flowering. The roots of nearly all the perennial species are more or less purgative; particularly I. purga, from which comes the jalap of commerce, I. jalapa and I. cathartica. I. batatas is the common sweet potato.
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The trade names of ipomeas are endlessly mixed. Thus, I. mexicana of the catalogues may be I. hederacea, I. digitata, I. Jalapa, I. Bona-nox, I. learii or I. tricolor; but is rarely the true I. mexicana of Gray. "Moonflower" is often applied indiscriminately to several species of Ipomoea, but it should be restricted to species of Calonyction. It is evident that most of the plants now sold as I. grandiflora are forms of Calonyction aculeatum. I. hybrida is a trade name for strains of I. purpurea and I. tricolor. The "tree ipomoea" is I. fistulosa. The "Japanese" or "Imperial" morning-glories may be referred to I. hederacea. Other popular catalogue names arc: Double morning-glory is mostly I. purpurea fl.-pl.; Brazilian morning-glory is I. setosa; hardy or perennial moonflower is I. pandurata; Ipomoea, Heavenly Blue, is I. tricolor.
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Several species of slight ornamental value occur in the southern states, and are sometimes seen in cult. I. desertorum, House. Resembling I. hederacea but rough-pubescent and adapted to drier situations. Ariz.—I. lacunosa. Linn. Annual with small white fls., often with a pink limb. Pa. to S. C., 111. and Texas.—I. polyanthes, R. & 3. (I. umbellata, Mey.). Small yellow fls. in umbels. Fla. and Trop. Amer.—I. trichocarpa, Ell. S. C. to Fla., Kans. and Mex.—I. triloba. Linn. Pink or purple corolla 2/3 in. long.: lvs. 3-lobed. Fla., Ariz, and Trop. Amer.
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The two following species of recent intro. are as yet not common in the trade: I. macalusoi, Mattel. Slightly pubescent, woody sts.: lvs. ovate-orbicular, abruptly acute and mucronate, deeply cordate; petioles long, somewhat villous: fls. axillary, in subsessile cymes; corolla large, campanulate, orange-colored, margined with red. Native of Italian Somaliland.—I. mahonii, C. H. Wright. An erect shrub with oblong lvs. about 1 ¾ in. long and 1 in. broad, obtuse at both ends, entire: petioles ¾ in. long: corolla-tube deep reddish purple, paler above, the limb white or slightly suffused with pink, over 3 in. broad. Native of Uganda.
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See Quamoclit for Ipomoea quamoclit, I. coccinea, I. vitifolia, and I. hederaefolia. See Calonyction for I. bona-nox and I. tastense. Ipomoea howardii, P. D. Barnhart, Pacific Garden 4: No. 9, p. 5, Aug. 1911=Quamoclit grandiflora.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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Many [[herbivore]]s avoid morning glories like ''Ipomoea'', as the high alkaloid content makes these plants unpalatable, if not [[toxic]]. Nonetheless, ''Ipomoea'' species are used as food plants by the [[caterpillar]]s of certain [[Lepidoptera]] (butterflies and moths). For a selection of diseases of the [[Sweet Potato]] (''I. batatas''), many of which also infect other members of this genus, see [[List of sweet potato diseases]].
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==Species==
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[[File:Ipomoea-barbatisepala.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Ipomoea barbatisepala]]'']]
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[[File:MorningGlory5.jpg|thumb|right|[[Whitestar Potato]] (''[[Ipomoea lacunosa|I. lacunosa]]'')]]
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[[File:Ipomoea macrantha.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Ipomoea macrantha]]'']]
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[[File:Ipomoea marginata in Hyderabad W IMG 4988.jpg|thumb|''[[Ipomoea marginata]]'']]
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[[File:Starr 050911-4400 Ipomoea ochracea.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fence Morning Glory]] (''[[Ipomoea ochracea|I. ochracea]]'')]]
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[[File:Ipomoea oenthenarae habit.jpg|thumb|Young ''[[Ipomoea oenthenarae]]'' plant]]
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[[File:Koeh-077.jpg|thumb|right|[[Vera Cruz Jalap]] (''[[Ipomoea purga|I. purga]]'') from [[Köhler's Medicinal Plants|Köhler's ''Medicinal Plants'']]]]
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[[File:Ipomoea stolonifera 0005.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Ipomoea stolonifera]]'']]
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[[File:Starr 040330-0173 Ipomoea tuboides.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hawaii Morning Glory]] (''[[Ipomoea tuboides|I. tuboides]]'')]]
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[[File:Ipomoea turbinata (Gariya) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9711.jpg|thumb|[[Lilacbell]] (''[[Ipomoea turbinata|I. turbinata]]'')]]
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Selected species:
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* ''[[Ipomoea abrupta]]''
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* ''[[Ipomoea alba]]'' – [[Moon Vine]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea alpina]]'' <small>Rendle</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea amnicola]]'' – [[Red-center Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea aquatica]]'' – [[Water Spinach]], Water Morning Glory, Water Convolvulus,  On(g) Choy, ''wéngcài'' (China), "[[Chinese spinach]]", "[[swamp cabbage]]"
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* ''[[Ipomoea aristolochiaefolia]]''
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* ''[[Ipomoea asarifolia]]''
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* ''[[Ipomoea barbatisepala]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea batatas]]'' – [[Sweet Potato]], "[[tuberous morning glory]]"
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* ''[[Ipomoea batatoides]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea bona-nox]]''
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* ''[[Ipomoea cairica]]'' – [[Coast Morning Glory]], Cairo Morning Glory, Mile-a-minute Vine, Messina Creeper, Railroad Creeper
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* ''[[Ipomoea calobra]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea capillacea]]'' <small>(Kunth) G.Don</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea carnea]]'' – [[Pink Morning Glory]], ''canudo-de-pita'' ([[Brazil]])
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* ''[[Ipomoea coccinea]]'' – [[Red Morning Glory]], Redstar, "Mexican Morning Glory"
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* ''[[Ipomoea cordatotriloba]]'' – [[Little Violet Morning Glory]]
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** ''Ipomoea cordatotriloba'' var. ''torreyana'' – [[Purple Bindweed]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea cordifolia]]'' <small>Carey ex Voight</small> – [[Heart-leaved Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea costata]]'' – [[Rock Morning Glory]], Bush Potato
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* ''[[Ipomoea costellata]]'' <small>Torr.</small> – [[Crest-ribbed Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea cristulata]]'' <small>Hallier f.</small> – [[Trans-Pecos Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea cynanchifolia]]'' <small>([[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]) Mart.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea daturaefolia]]'' <small>[[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea demerariana]]'' <small>Choisy</small> (= ''I. phyllomega''<!--- <small>(Vell.) House</small> -->)
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* ''[[Ipomoea diversifolia]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea dumetorum]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roemer & J.A.Schultes</small> – [[Railwaycreeper]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea eggersiana]]'' <small>Peter</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea eggersii]]'' <small>(House) D.Austin</small> – [[Egger's Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea eriocarpa]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea ghika]]''
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* ''[[Ipomoea gracilis]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea graminea]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea halierca]]''
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* ''[[Ipomoea hederacea]]'' – [[Ivy-leaved Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea hederifolia]]'' – [[Scarlet Morning Glory]], Scarlet Creeper, Star Ipomoea, ''trompillo'' (= ''I. coccinea'' <small>Sessé & Moc.</small>)
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* ''[[Ipomoea horrida]]'' <small>Huber</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea horsfalliae]]'' – [[Lady Doorly's Morning Glory]], Cardinal Creeper, Prince Kuhio Vine
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* ''[[Ipomoea imperati]]'' <small>(Vahl) Griseb.</small>{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- = I. pes-caprae? -->
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* ''[[Ipomoea incisa]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea indica]]'' – [[Oceanblue Morning Glory]], Blue Morning Glory, Blue Dawn Flower, ''koali awa'' (Hawaiʻi)
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* ''[[Ipomoea jalapa]]'' <small>(L.) Pursh.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea krugii]]'' <small>Urban</small> – [[Krug's White Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea lacunosa]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Whitestar Potato]], Whitestar
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* ''[[Ipomoea leptophylla]]'' – [[Bush Morning Glory]], Bush Moonflower, "[[manroot]]"
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* ''[[Ipomoea leucantha]]''{{Verify source|date=November 2009}}<!-- hybrid? --> <small>Jacq. (''non'' Webb ex Hook., Desv. ex Ham.)</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea lindheimeri]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Lindheimer's Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea littoralis]]'' <small>Blume</small> – [[White-flowered Beach Morning Glory]]<!-- Micronesica40:169. -->
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* ''[[Ipomoea lobata]]'' – [[Fire Vine]], "[[Spanish Flag]]"
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* ''[[Ipomoea longifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small> – [[Pink-throated Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea macrantha]]''
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* ''[[Ipomoea macrorhiza]]'' <small>Michx.</small> – [[Large-rooted Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea marginata]]'' <small>(Desr.) Verdc.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea mauritiana]]'' – [[Giant Potato]], ''Kiribadu Ala''{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- Sanskrit? -->, ''likam'' (Hawaiʻi)
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* ''[[Ipomoea meyeri]]'' <small>(Spreng.) G.Don</small> – [[Meyer's Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea microdactyla]]'' <small>Griseb.</small> – [[Calcareous Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea × multifida]]'' – "[[Cardinal Climber]]" (''I. coccinea × I. quamoclit'')
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* ''[[Ipomoea nil]]'' – [[White-edged Morning Glory]], Ivy Morning Glory, Japanese Morning Glory
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* ''[[Ipomoea obscura]]'' – [[Obscure Morning Glory]], Small White Morning Glory
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* ''[[Ipomoea ochracea]]'' <small>(Lindl.) G.Don</small> – [[Fence Morning Glory]]
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* ''[[Ipomoea oenotherae]]'' <small>Hallier f.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea pandurata]]'' – [[Wild Potato Vine]], Big-rooted Morning Glory, Man-of-the-Earth, "[[manroot]]"
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* ''[[Ipomoea pes-caprae]]'' – [[Beach Morning Glory]], "[[Oxalis pes-caprae|goat's foot]]"
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** ''Ipomoea pes-caprae'' ssp. ''brasiliensis'' – ''salsa-da-praia'' (Brazil)
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* ''[[Ipomoea plebeia]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
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* ''[[Ipomoea plummerae]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Huachuca Mountain Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea polymorpha]]'' <small>Roem. & Schult.</small> (= ''I. heterophylla'' <small>R.Br.</small>)
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea pubescens]]'' <small>Lam.</small> – [[Silky Morning Glory]] (= ''I. heterophylla'' <small>Ortega</small>)
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea pulcherrima]]''
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea purga]]'' <small>(Wender.) Hayne</small> – [[Vera Cruz Jalap]] (= ''I. jalapa'' <small>auct. ''non'' L.</small>)
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea purpurea]]'' – [[Common Morning Glory]], Purple Morning Glory, Tall Morning Glory
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea quamoclit]]'' – [[Cypress Vine]], Cypressvine Morning Glory, Cardinal Creeper, Cardinal Vine, Star Glory, "[[hummingbird vine]]"
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea racemigera]]'' <small>F.Muell. & Tate</small>
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea repanda]]'' <small>Jacq.</small> – [[Bejuco Colorado]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea repens]]''
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea rubens]]'' <small>Choisy</small> (= ''I. fragans''<!--  <small>(Bojer ex Choisy) Baker</small> -->)
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea rupicola]]'' <small>House</small> – [[Cliff Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea sagittata]]'' <small>Poir.</small> – [[Saltmarsh Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea setifera]]'' <small>Poir.</small> – ''[[bejuco de Puerco]]''
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea setosa]]'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> – [[Brazilian Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea shumardiana]]'' <small>(Torr.) Shinners</small> – [[Narrow-leaved Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea simulans]]'' – [[Tampico Jalap]], ''purga de Sierra Gorda''
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea sloteri]]'' – "[[Cardinal Climber]]"
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea steudelii]]'' <small>Millsp.</small> – [[Steudel's Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea stolonifera]]''
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea tenuiloba]]'' <small>Torr.</small> – [[Spiderleaf]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea tenuissima]]'' <small>Choisy</small> – [[Rockland Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea ternifolia]]'' <small>Cav.</small> – [[Triple-leaved Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea thurberi]]'' <small>Gray</small> – [[Thurber's Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea tricolor]]'' – [[Mexican Morning Glory]], ''tlitliltzin'' (Nahuatl), ''badoh negro''
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea triloba]]'' – [[Littlebell]], Aiea Morning Glory
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea tuberculata]]''
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea tuberosa]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Hawaiian Woodrose]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea tuboides]]'' <small>O.Deg. & van Ooststr.</small> – [[Hawaii Morning Glory]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea turbinata]]'' <small>Lag.</small> – [[Lilacbell]]
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea velutina]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea violacea]]'' – [[Beach Moonflower]], Sea Moonflower
 +
* ''[[Ipomoea wrightii]]'' – [[Wright's Morning Glory]]
 +
 
 +
Removed from the Ipomoea genus:
 +
* [[Hawaiian Baby Woodrose]], ''Argyreia nervosa'' (as ''I. speciosa'')
 +
* ''[[Ololiúqui]], Rivea corymbosa'' (as ''I. burmannii'' or ''I. corymbosa'')
 +
* [[Turpeth]], ''Operculina turpethum'' (as ''I. turpethum'')
 +
 
 +
Index{{SCH}}.
 +
acetosaefolia, 8.
 +
alba, 10, 18, 19.
 +
angustifolia, 17.
 +
antillana, 28.
 +
arborescens, 5.
 +
atro-caerulea, 10.
 +
atro-sanguinea, 10.
 +
aurea, 21.
 +
azurea, 10.
 +
batatas, 33.
 +
bona-nox, 30.
 +
bonariensis, 25.
 +
briggsii, 19.
 +
carletonii, 1.
 +
carminata, 10.
 +
carnosa, 8.
 +
chrysantha, 27.
 +
chryseides, 27.
 +
corymbosa, 28.
 +
cymosa, 28.
 +
dealbata, 12.
 +
dickensonii, 10.
 +
digitata, 24.
 +
dissecta, 23.
 +
ferrandiana, 13.
 +
ficifolia, 25.
 +
filicaulis, 17.
 +
fistulosa, 4.
 +
flore-pleno, 10.
 +
foliis marmoratis, 13.
 +
fuchsioides, 15.
 +
goodellii, 4.
 +
grandiflora, 13,30.
 +
hederacea, 13.
 +
heterophylla, 9.
 +
hirsutula, 11.
 +
hookeri,18.
 +
horsfalliae, 19,20.
 +
huberi, 10.
 +
insignis, 24.
 +
integrifolium, 15.
 +
jalapa, 16, 29, 32.
 +
kermesina, 10.
 +
latifolia, 30.
 +
learii, 12,14.
 +
leptophylla,2.
 +
limbata, 13.
 +
lindheimeri, 9.
 +
lindleyana, 9.
 +
littoralis, 8.
 +
longifolia, 1.
 +
macrorhiza, 29.
 +
maritime, 7.
 +
marmorata, 13.
 +
mexicana, 11.
 +
michauxii, 29.
 +
microdactylum, 15.
 +
mutabilis, 12.
 +
nil, 13.
 +
palmata, 24.
 +
pandurata, 24.
 +
paniculata, 24.
 +
perringiana, 25.
 +
pes-caprae, 7.
 +
purge, 16.
 +
purpurea, 10.
 +
rosea, 10.
 +
rubro-caerulea, 18.
 +
sagittata, 26.
 +
scabra, 13.
 +
sellowii, 25.
 +
setose, 22.
 +
sidaefolia, 28.
 +
sinitata, 23.
 +
sinuate, 23.
 +
speciosa, 26.
 +
stans, 3.
 +
stolonifera, 8.
 +
ternata, 4.
 +
texana, 4.
 +
thomsoniana, 20.
 +
tricolor, 18.
 +
tuba, 30.
 +
varia, 10.
 +
ventricosa, 30.
 +
violacea fl-pl., 10.
 +
violacea-striata, 10.
 +
wolcottiana, 6.
 +
 
 +
==Gallery==
 +
 
 +
<gallery perrow=5>
 +
Image:Ipomoea lacunosa1.jpg|[[Whitestar Potato]], ''[[Ipomoea lacunosa]]''
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 +
==References==
 +
<references/>
 +
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 +
==External links==
 +
*{{wplink}}
  
−
{{Commonscat|Ipomoea}}
+
{{stub}}
−
[[Category:Convolvulaceae]]
+
__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 01:34, 21 March 2010


Ipomoea carnea


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial, annual
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ flowers
Scientific Names

Convolvulaceae >

Ipomoea >

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The genus Ipomoea (pronounced /ˌɪpɵˈmiːə/,[1] from the Greek ips ~ ipos, wormweed or bindweed, and homoeos, resembling, referring to the twining habit) is the largest in the family Convolvulaceae, with over 500 species. Most of these are called "morning glories", but this can refer to related genera also. Those formerly separated in Calonyction are called "moonflowers". The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants, lianas, shrubs and small trees; most of the species are twining climbing plants.

Most species have spectacular, colorful flowers and are often grown as ornamental plants, and a number of cultivars have been developed. Their deep flowers attract large Lepidoptera - especially Sphingidae such as the Pink-spotted Hawkmoth (Agrius cingulata) -, or even hummingbirds.

Second, the genus includes food crops; the tubers of Sweet Potato (I. batatas) and the leaves of Water Spinach (I. aquatica) are commercially important food items and have been for millennia.


Read about Ipomoea in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

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Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Many herbivores avoid morning glories like Ipomoea, as the high alkaloid content makes these plants unpalatable, if not toxic. Nonetheless, Ipomoea species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). For a selection of diseases of the Sweet Potato (I. batatas), many of which also infect other members of this genus, see List of sweet potato diseases.

Species

Ipomoea barbatisepala
Whitestar Potato (I. lacunosa)
Ipomoea macrantha
Ipomoea marginata
Fence Morning Glory (I. ochracea)
Young Ipomoea oenthenarae plant
Vera Cruz Jalap (I. purga) from Köhler's Medicinal Plants
Ipomoea stolonifera
Hawaii Morning Glory (I. tuboides)
Lilacbell (I. turbinata)

Selected species:

Removed from the Ipomoea genus:

IndexCH. acetosaefolia, 8. alba, 10, 18, 19. angustifolia, 17. antillana, 28. arborescens, 5. atro-caerulea, 10. atro-sanguinea, 10. aurea, 21. azurea, 10. batatas, 33. bona-nox, 30. bonariensis, 25. briggsii, 19. carletonii, 1. carminata, 10. carnosa, 8. chrysantha, 27. chryseides, 27. corymbosa, 28. cymosa, 28. dealbata, 12. dickensonii, 10. digitata, 24. dissecta, 23. ferrandiana, 13. ficifolia, 25. filicaulis, 17. fistulosa, 4. flore-pleno, 10. foliis marmoratis, 13. fuchsioides, 15. goodellii, 4. grandiflora, 13,30. hederacea, 13. heterophylla, 9. hirsutula, 11. hookeri,18. horsfalliae, 19,20. huberi, 10. insignis, 24. integrifolium, 15. jalapa, 16, 29, 32. kermesina, 10. latifolia, 30. learii, 12,14. leptophylla,2. limbata, 13. lindheimeri, 9. lindleyana, 9. littoralis, 8. longifolia, 1. macrorhiza, 29. maritime, 7. marmorata, 13. mexicana, 11. michauxii, 29. microdactylum, 15. mutabilis, 12. nil, 13. palmata, 24. pandurata, 24. paniculata, 24. perringiana, 25. pes-caprae, 7. purge, 16. purpurea, 10. rosea, 10. rubro-caerulea, 18. sagittata, 26. scabra, 13. sellowii, 25. setose, 22. sidaefolia, 28. sinitata, 23. sinuate, 23. speciosa, 26. stans, 3. stolonifera, 8. ternata, 4. texana, 4. thomsoniana, 20. tricolor, 18. tuba, 30. varia, 10. ventricosa, 30. violacea fl-pl., 10. violacea-striata, 10. wolcottiana, 6.

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607

External links


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