Difference between revisions of "Sweet potato"

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#REDIRECT [[Sweet potato]]
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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Convolvulaceae
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|genus=Ipomoea
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|species=batatas
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|common_name=Sweet potato
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|habit=vine-climber
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|origin=Tropical S America
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|features=flowers, edible
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Ipomoea batatas.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Sweet potato in flower
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}}
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The '''sweet potato''' ('''''Ipomoea batatas''''') is a [[dicotyledonous]] plant that belongs to the family [[Convolvulaceae]]. Its large, [[starch]]y, sweet tasting [[tuberous root]]s are an important [[root vegetable]] (Purseglove, 1991; Woolfe, 1992). The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as [[greens (vegetable)|greens]]. Of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of Convolvulaceae, ''I. batatas'' is the only [[agriculture|crop]] [[plant]] of major importance – some others are used locally, but many are actually poisonous.
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The sweet potato is only distantly related to the [[potato]] (''Solanum tuberosum''). The softer, orange variety is commonly marketed as a "yam" in parts of North America, a practice possibly intended to differentiate it from the firmer, white variety. The sweet potato is very distinct from the actual [[yam (vegetable)|yam]], which is native to Africa and Asia and belongs to the [[monocot]] family [[Dioscoreaceae]]. To prevent confusion, the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] requires that sweet potatoes labeled as "yams" also be labeled as "sweet potatoes".<ref>http://www.foodreference.com/html/art-sweet-potato-yam.html</ref>
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The [[genus]] ''Ipomoea'' that contains the sweet potato also includes several garden flowers called [[morning glory|morning glories]], though that term is not usually extended to ''Ipomoea batatas''. Some [[cultivar]]s of ''Ipomoea batatas'' are grown as ornamental plants; the name "tuberous morning glory" may be used in a [[horticultural]] context.
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This plant is a [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[vine]], bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed [[leaves]] and medium-sized [[sympetalous]] [[flower]]s. The edible [[tuberous root]] is long and tapered, with a smooth skin whose colour ranges between red, purple, brown and white. Its flesh ranges from white through yellow, orange, and purple.
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{{Inc|
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Ipomoea batatas, Poir. (Batatas edulis, Choisy). Sweet Potato. Lvs. ovate-cordate, usually angular or lobed, variable, petioled: peduncles equaling or exceeding the petioles, several-fld.; corolla 1-2 in. wide. Origin probably from I. fastigiata of Trop. Amer. (I. platanifolia. R. & S.).—Largely cult, in many varieties for its edible tubers. See Sweet Potato.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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The plant does not tolerate [[frost]]. It grows best at an average [[temperature]] of {{convert|24|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, abundant sunshine and warm nights. Annual rainfalls of 750–1000&nbsp;mm are considered most suitable, with a minimum of 500&nbsp;mm in the growing season. The crop is sensitive to drought at the tuber initiation stage 50–60 days after planting and is not tolerant to water-logging, as it may cause tuber rots and reduce growth of storage roots if aeration is poor (Ahn, 1993).
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Depending on the cultivar and conditions, tuberous roots mature in two to nine months. With care, early-maturing cultivars can be grown as an [[Annual plant|annual]] summer crop in [[temperate climate|temperate]] areas, such as the northern United States. Sweet potatoes rarely [[flower]] when the daylight is longer than 11 hours, as is normal outside of the [[tropics]]. They are mostly propagated by stem or root cuttings or by adventitious roots called "slips" that grow out from the tuberous roots during storage. True seeds are used for breeding only.
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Under optimal conditions of 85 to 90% [[relative humidity]] at {{convert|13|to|16|C|F}}, sweet potatoes can keep for six months. Colder temperatures injure the roots.
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They grow well in many farming conditions and have few natural enemies; pesticides are rarely needed. Sweet potatoes are grown on a variety of soils, but well-drained light and medium textured soils with a pH range of 4.5-7.0 are more favourable for the plant (Woolfe, 1992; Ahn, 1993). They can be grown in poor soils with little fertilizer. However, sweet potatoes are very sensitive to aluminium toxicity and will die about 6 weeks after planting if lime is not applied at planting in this type of soil (Woolfe, 1992). Because they are sown by vine cuttings rather than seeds, sweet potatoes are relatively easy to plant. Because the rapidly growing vines shade out weeds, little weeding is needed, and farmers can devote time to other crops.  In the tropics, the crop can be maintained in the ground and harvested as needed for market or home consumption. In temperate regions, sweet potatoes are most often grown on larger farms and are harvested before first frosts.
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Varieties==
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Sweetpotato5162.jpg|Sweet potatoes in the field.
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Image:Ipomoea batatasL ja01.jpg|Freshly dug sweet potato.
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Image:Sweetpotato.jpg|Sweet Potatoes at a shop
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Image:Ornamental Sweet Potato, Sweet Potato Vine 'Ace of Spades' (Ipomoea batatas).jpg|An ornamental sweet potato of the "Ace of Spades" cultivar]
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 20:12, 25 March 2010


Sweet potato in flower


Plant Characteristics
Habit   vine-climber

Origin: ✈ Tropical S America
Cultivation
Features: ✓ flowers, edible
Scientific Names

Convolvulaceae >

Ipomoea >

batatas >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet tasting tuberous roots are an important root vegetable (Purseglove, 1991; Woolfe, 1992). The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. Of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of Convolvulaceae, I. batatas is the only crop plant of major importance – some others are used locally, but many are actually poisonous.

The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (Solanum tuberosum). The softer, orange variety is commonly marketed as a "yam" in parts of North America, a practice possibly intended to differentiate it from the firmer, white variety. The sweet potato is very distinct from the actual yam, which is native to Africa and Asia and belongs to the monocot family Dioscoreaceae. To prevent confusion, the United States Department of Agriculture requires that sweet potatoes labeled as "yams" also be labeled as "sweet potatoes".[1]

The genus Ipomoea that contains the sweet potato also includes several garden flowers called morning glories, though that term is not usually extended to Ipomoea batatas. Some cultivars of Ipomoea batatas are grown as ornamental plants; the name "tuberous morning glory" may be used in a horticultural context.

This plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers. The edible tuberous root is long and tapered, with a smooth skin whose colour ranges between red, purple, brown and white. Its flesh ranges from white through yellow, orange, and purple.


Read about Sweet potato in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Ipomoea batatas, Poir. (Batatas edulis, Choisy). Sweet Potato. Lvs. ovate-cordate, usually angular or lobed, variable, petioled: peduncles equaling or exceeding the petioles, several-fld.; corolla 1-2 in. wide. Origin probably from I. fastigiata of Trop. Amer. (I. platanifolia. R. & S.).—Largely cult, in many varieties for its edible tubers. See Sweet Potato.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

The plant does not tolerate frost. It grows best at an average temperature of 24 °C °F , abundant sunshine and warm nights. Annual rainfalls of 750–1000 mm are considered most suitable, with a minimum of 500 mm in the growing season. The crop is sensitive to drought at the tuber initiation stage 50–60 days after planting and is not tolerant to water-logging, as it may cause tuber rots and reduce growth of storage roots if aeration is poor (Ahn, 1993).

Depending on the cultivar and conditions, tuberous roots mature in two to nine months. With care, early-maturing cultivars can be grown as an annual summer crop in temperate areas, such as the northern United States. Sweet potatoes rarely flower when the daylight is longer than 11 hours, as is normal outside of the tropics. They are mostly propagated by stem or root cuttings or by adventitious roots called "slips" that grow out from the tuberous roots during storage. True seeds are used for breeding only.

Under optimal conditions of 85 to 90% relative humidity at 13 to 16 C, sweet potatoes can keep for six months. Colder temperatures injure the roots.

They grow well in many farming conditions and have few natural enemies; pesticides are rarely needed. Sweet potatoes are grown on a variety of soils, but well-drained light and medium textured soils with a pH range of 4.5-7.0 are more favourable for the plant (Woolfe, 1992; Ahn, 1993). They can be grown in poor soils with little fertilizer. However, sweet potatoes are very sensitive to aluminium toxicity and will die about 6 weeks after planting if lime is not applied at planting in this type of soil (Woolfe, 1992). Because they are sown by vine cuttings rather than seeds, sweet potatoes are relatively easy to plant. Because the rapidly growing vines shade out weeds, little weeding is needed, and farmers can devote time to other crops. In the tropics, the crop can be maintained in the ground and harvested as needed for market or home consumption. In temperate regions, sweet potatoes are most often grown on larger farms and are harvested before first frosts.

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Gallery

  • Sweetpotato5162.jpg

    Sweet potatoes in the field.

  • Freshly dug sweet potato.

  • Sweet Potatoes at a shop

  • An ornamental sweet potato of the "Ace of Spades" cultivar]

  • photo 3

References

  1. ↑ http://www.foodreference.com/html/art-sweet-potato-yam.html

External links


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