Difference between revisions of "Jacaranda"

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Bignoniaceae
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|genus=Jacaranda
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|taxo_author=Juss.
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Jacaranda_in_Blossom.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Flowering Jacaranda
 
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'''''Jacaranda''''' (pronounced {{IPA|[ʒa.ka.ˈran.da]}}, {{IPA|[ha.ka.ˈran.da]}}, or {{IPA|[ˌdʒæk.ə.ˈran.də]}}) is a [[genus]] of 49 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Bignoniaceae]], native to tropical and subtropical regions of [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]], [[Mexico]], and the [[Caribbean]]. The genus name is also used as the common name.
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[[Image:Jacarandatree.jpg|thumb|left|Large tree in full bloom.]]
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The species are [[shrub]]s to large [[tree]]s ranging in size from 2-30 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are bipinnate in most species, pinnate or simple in a few species. The [[flower]]s are produced in conspicuous large [[panicle]]s, each flower with a five-lobed blue to purple-blue [[corolla]]; a few species have white flowers. The [[fruit]] is an oblong to oval flattened [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing numerous slender [[seed]]s. The genus differs from other genera in the Bignoniaceae in having a [[staminode]] that is longer than the [[stamen]]s, tricolpate [[pollen]], and a [[chromosome]] number of 18.
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The genus is divided into two sections, sect. ''Jacaranda'' (syn. sect. ''Monolobos'', an invalid name as it includes the type species of the genus, ''J. caerulea'') and sect. ''Dilobos'' DC., based on the number of [[theca]]e on the [[anther]]s. Sect. ''Jacaranda'' (which includes Blue Jacarandas) has 18 species and is found primarily in western South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Sect. ''Dilobos'', which is believed to be the primitive form, has 31 species and is found primarily in southeastern [[Brazil]] including the [[Paraná River]] valley. The anatomy of the [[wood]] in the two sections also differs. Although usually treated in sect. ''Jacaranda'', ''J. copaia'' differs somewhat from all other members of the genus, and may be intermediate between the two sections (Dos Santos & Miller 1997).
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[[Image:Jacaranda seedling.png|left|thumb|125px|Jacaranda seedling]]
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Several species are widely grown as [[ornamental plant]]s throughout the subtropical regions of the world, valued for their intense flower displays. The most often seen is the [[Blue Jacaranda]] ''Jacaranda mimosifolia'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''J. acutifolia'' hort. non Bonpl.). Other members of the genus are also commercially important; for example the [[Jacaranda copaia|Copaia]] (''Jacaranda copaia'') is important for its [[timber]] because of its exceptionally long bole.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Jacaranda. (Brazilian name). Bignoniaceae. Handsome tubular-flowered trees and shrubs, grown far South and also under glass.
 
Jacaranda. (Brazilian name). Bignoniaceae. Handsome tubular-flowered trees and shrubs, grown far South and also under glass.
  
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Leaves opposite, 2-pinnate, rarely 1-pinnate; Ifts. usually numerous, entire or dentate: fls. showy blue or violet, mostly in terminal or axillary panicles, often very freely produced; calyx small, 5-toothed; corolla-tube straight or curved, regular at the base or somewhat constricted above the ovary and broadened above; corolla-limb somewhat 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rounded and spreading and nearly equal; disk thick and cushion- like; perfect stamens 4, didynamous; staminode about as long as the stamens, club-shaped at the apex and often bearded at the top: fr. an oblong, ovate or broad dehiscent caps.祐pecies about 50, in the American tropics. Prop, by cuttings of half-ripened wood. Under glass they are considered to be warmhouse subjects.
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Leaves opposite, 2-pinnate, rarely 1-pinnate; Ifts. usually numerous, entire or dentate: fls. showy blue or violet, mostly in terminal or axillary panicles, often very freely produced; calyx small, 5-toothed; corolla-tube straight or curved, regular at the base or somewhat constricted above the ovary and broadened above; corolla-limb somewhat 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rounded and spreading and nearly equal; disk thick and cushion- like; perfect stamens 4, didynamous; staminode about as long as the stamens, club-shaped at the apex and often bearded at the top: fr. an oblong, ovate or broad dehiscent caps. Species about 50, in the American tropics. Prop, by cuttings of half-ripened wood. Under glass they are considered to be warmhouse subjects.
 
}}
 
}}
  
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Jacarandas''
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| image = Jacaranda_in_Blossom.jpg
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===Propagation===
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| image_width = 240px
 
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| image_caption = Flowering Jacaranda
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
 
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| familia = [[Bignoniaceae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Jacaranda'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
 
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| subdivision = See text.
 
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}}
 
  
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'''''Jacaranda''''' (pronounced {{IPA|[ʒa.ka.ˈran.da]}}, {{IPA|[ha.ka.ˈran.da]}}, or {{IPA|[ˌdʒæk.ə.ˈran.də]}}) is a [[genus]] of 49 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Bignoniaceae]], native to tropical and subtropical regions of [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]], [[Mexico]], and the [[Caribbean]]. The genus name is also used as the common name.
 
  
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[[Image:Jacarandatree.jpg|thumb|left|Large tree in full bloom.]]
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===Pests and diseases===
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The species are [[shrub]]s to large [[tree]]s ranging in size from 2-30 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are bipinnate in most species, pinnate or simple in a few species. The [[flower]]s are produced in conspicuous large [[panicle]]s, each flower with a five-lobed blue to purple-blue [[corolla]]; a few species have white flowers. The [[fruit]] is an oblong to oval flattened [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing numerous slender [[seed]]s. The genus differs from other genera in the Bignoniaceae in having a [[staminode]] that is longer than the [[stamen]]s, tricolpate [[pollen]], and a [[chromosome]] number of 18.
 
  
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The genus is divided into two sections, sect. ''Jacaranda'' (syn. sect. ''Monolobos'', an invalid name as it includes the type species of the genus, ''J. caerulea'') and sect. ''Dilobos'' DC., based on the number of [[theca]]e on the [[anther]]s. Sect. ''Jacaranda'' (which includes Blue Jacarandas) has 18 species and is found primarily in western South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Sect. ''Dilobos'', which is believed to be the primitive form, has 31 species and is found primarily in southeastern [[Brazil]] including the [[Paraná River]] valley. The anatomy of the [[wood]] in the two sections also differs. Although usually treated in sect. ''Jacaranda'', ''J. copaia'' differs somewhat from all other members of the genus, and may be intermediate between the two sections (Dos Santos & Miller 1997).
 
  
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==Selected species==
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==Species==
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Selected species:
 
{|
 
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==Cultivation and uses==
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==Gallery==
  
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[[Image:Jacaranda seedling.png|left|thumb|125px|Jacaranda seedling]]
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:BGL_Jacaranda.jpg|Jacaranda in full bloom
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Several species are widely grown as [[ornamental plant]]s throughout the subtropical regions of the world, valued for their intense flower displays. The most often seen is the [[Blue Jacaranda]] ''Jacaranda mimosifolia'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''J. acutifolia'' hort. non Bonpl.). Other members of the genus are also commercially important; for example the [[Jacaranda copaia|Copaia]] (''Jacaranda copaia'') is important for its [[timber]] because of its exceptionally long bole.
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Image:JacarandaWooroolinAustralia.JPG|jacarandas in bloom
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Image:Jacaranda.JPG|jacarandas
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[[Image:BGL_Jacaranda.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jacaranda in full bloom on 12th Main, Indira Nagar, [[Bangalore]], India]]
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Image:Jacaranda trees in Montagu Ave, Harare, Zimbabwe in 1975.jpg|Jacaranda trees
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Image:Jacaranda_flowerlitter.jpg|Purple jacaranda flowers carpet the ground as they fall.
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[[Pretoria]] in [[South Africa]] is popularly known as '''The Jacaranda City''' due to the enormous number of Jacaranda trees planted as street trees and in parks and gardens. In flowering time the city appears blue/purple in colour when seen from the nearby hills because of all the Jacaranda trees. The time of year the Jacarandas bloom in Pretoria, coincide with the year-end exams at the [[University of Pretoria]] and legend has it that if a flower from the Jacaranda tree drops on your head, you will pass all your exams. Other towns and cities in South Africa have Jacaranda trees, but none produce such a show as that of Pretoria.
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Image:Jacaranda_bhutan.jpg|Jacaranda trees
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</gallery>
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<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Pretoriajacaranda.jpg|thumb|left|250x|Jacaranda in full bloom in [[Pretoria]], [[South Africa]]]] -->
 
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The city of [[Brisbane]] in [[Australia]] has a local reputation of having a significant population of Jacaranda trees.  The [[University of Queensland]] in the city's inner west has a very high concentration of the tree, and due to the impressive display of purple flowers in mid-Spring, which wind up littering vast sections of the [[suburbs]], local [[folklore]] claims that "one won't start studying for exams until the jacarandas have molted". This has led to the slang name "exam tree" being attached to the plant.  At Sydney University there exists a similar expression "by the time the jacaranda in the main quadrangle flowers, it's too late to start studying for exams".
 
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Jacarandas in bloom have become closely associated with Brisbane and South East Queensland. The Brisbane City Council have used jacarandas to line avenues, and commercial developments in some areas, particularly along the [[Brisbane River]] have incorporated jacarandas into their landscape design.  The trees are common in parks throughout the city, most notably in a long curved avenue in the inner city [[New Farm Park, Brisbane|New Farm Park]], in [[Goodna, Queensland|Goodna]], and in private backyards.  Brisbane's hilly geography allows views of the city and suburbs in which the brightly coloured flowers can be easily seen for miles.  The jacaranda has become so much a part of the city's identity that contemporary art, particularly of streetscapes, often incorporates the flowering jacaranda, despite the fact that it flowers for approximately six weeks from September through October.  
 
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[[Image:JacarandaWooroolinAustralia.JPG|left|thumb|Old church surrounded by jacarandas in bloom, Wooroolin, Australia.]]
 
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The city of [[Grafton, New South Wales|Grafton]] on the edge of the New England plateau in northern [[New South Wales]], Australia, is also famous for its Jacarandas.  Every October the city has a Jacaranda festival during the period of full bloom.  A street parade, local public holiday and a series of events are held.  A local public holiday sees the city's businesses perform street theatre for passers by and street stalls proliferate.  A Jacaranda Queen and Jacaranda Princess are named at a formal ball.
 
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Jacarandas are also popular in south Florida and the southwestern [[United States]], notably in [[Phoenix, Arizona]] and [[Los Angeles]] and [[San Diego, California]]. Jacaranda can be found throughout most of southern [[California]], where they were imported by the horticulturalist [[Kate Sessions]].  In California, jacarandas are known as the trees that bloom twice a year, although the fall bloom is generally not as striking as the spring bloom.  Tampa, St. Petersburg, and other southern Florida cities are ribboned by purple flowers during peak bloom of April.  Jacaranda trees are principally found in parks and interspersed along the avenues and streets. Jacarandas have been introduced to Israel over 50 years ago, where they are in full bloom during May. They are popular and can be found in cities all over Israel.
 
  
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==References and external links==
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==References==
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* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6151 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Jacaranda'']
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<references/>
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* Dos Santos, G., & Miller, R. B. (1997).  Wood anatomy of ''Jacaranda'' (Bignoniaceae): Systematic relationships in sections ''Monolobos'' and ''Dilobos'' as suggested by twig and stem rays. ''IAWA Journal'' 18: 369-383. Available [http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf1997/santo97a.pdf online] (pdf file).
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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* [http://www.goodnarsljacfest.gil.com.au/ Goodna RSL Jacaranda Festival at Evan Marginson Park, Goodna]
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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<gallery>
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==External links==
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Image:Jacaranda.JPG|South East Queensland is noted for its jacarandas which are common in public areas, parks and suburban backyards.
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*{{wplink}}
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Image:Jacaranda trees in Montagu Ave, Harare, Zimbabwe in 1975.jpg|Jacaranda trees in Montagu Ave, Harare, Zimbabwe in 1975.
 
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Image:Jacaranda_flowerlitter.jpg|Purple jacaranda flowers carpet the ground as they fall.
 
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Image:Jacaranda_bhutan.jpg|Jacaranda trees in Bhutan
 
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</gallery>
 
  
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[[Category:Bignoniaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Trees of Brazil]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Trees of Mexico]]
 
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[[Category:Horticulture]]
 

Revision as of 23:18, 31 March 2010


Flowering Jacaranda


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Bignoniaceae >

Jacaranda >

Juss. >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Jacaranda (pronounced [ʒa.ka.ˈran.da], [ha.ka.ˈran.da], or [ˌdʒæk.ə.ˈran.də]) is a genus of 49 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. The genus name is also used as the common name.

Large tree in full bloom.

The species are shrubs to large trees ranging in size from 2-30 m tall. The leaves are bipinnate in most species, pinnate or simple in a few species. The flowers are produced in conspicuous large panicles, each flower with a five-lobed blue to purple-blue corolla; a few species have white flowers. The fruit is an oblong to oval flattened capsule containing numerous slender seeds. The genus differs from other genera in the Bignoniaceae in having a staminode that is longer than the stamens, tricolpate pollen, and a chromosome number of 18.

The genus is divided into two sections, sect. Jacaranda (syn. sect. Monolobos, an invalid name as it includes the type species of the genus, J. caerulea) and sect. Dilobos DC., based on the number of thecae on the anthers. Sect. Jacaranda (which includes Blue Jacarandas) has 18 species and is found primarily in western South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Sect. Dilobos, which is believed to be the primitive form, has 31 species and is found primarily in southeastern Brazil including the Paraná River valley. The anatomy of the wood in the two sections also differs. Although usually treated in sect. Jacaranda, J. copaia differs somewhat from all other members of the genus, and may be intermediate between the two sections (Dos Santos & Miller 1997).

Jacaranda seedling

Several species are widely grown as ornamental plants throughout the subtropical regions of the world, valued for their intense flower displays. The most often seen is the Blue Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia (syn. J. acutifolia hort. non Bonpl.). Other members of the genus are also commercially important; for example the Copaia (Jacaranda copaia) is important for its timber because of its exceptionally long bole.


Read about Jacaranda in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Jacaranda. (Brazilian name). Bignoniaceae. Handsome tubular-flowered trees and shrubs, grown far South and also under glass.

Leaves opposite, 2-pinnate, rarely 1-pinnate; Ifts. usually numerous, entire or dentate: fls. showy blue or violet, mostly in terminal or axillary panicles, often very freely produced; calyx small, 5-toothed; corolla-tube straight or curved, regular at the base or somewhat constricted above the ovary and broadened above; corolla-limb somewhat 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rounded and spreading and nearly equal; disk thick and cushion- like; perfect stamens 4, didynamous; staminode about as long as the stamens, club-shaped at the apex and often bearded at the top: fr. an oblong, ovate or broad dehiscent caps. Species about 50, in the American tropics. Prop, by cuttings of half-ripened wood. Under glass they are considered to be warmhouse subjects.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

Selected species:

Sect. Jacaranda
Sect. Dilobos

Gallery

  • Jacaranda in full bloom

  • jacarandas in bloom

  • jacarandas

  • Jacaranda trees

  • Purple jacaranda flowers carpet the ground as they fall.

  • Jacaranda trees

References

External links


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