Difference between revisions of "Tamarix"

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;Family:Tamaricaceae
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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Tamaricaceae
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|genus=Tamarix
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|taxo_author=L.
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|common_name=Tamarisk, Salt Cedar
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|name_ref=Wikipedia
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|Min ht box=1
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|Min ht metric=m
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|Max ht box=18
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|Max ht metric=m
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|height_ref=Wikipedia
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|lifespan=perennial
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Tamarix gallica bloemen.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Tamarix gallica in flower
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}}
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'''''Tamarix''''' is a genus of shrubs and small trees, commonly known as tamarisks or saltcedars.
  
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{{EN|'''''Tamarix''''' is a genus of shrubs and small trees, commonly known as tamarisks or saltcedars.}}
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The genus '''''Tamarix''''' ('''tamarisk''', '''salt cedar''') comprises about 50-60 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Tamaricaceae]], native to drier areas of [[Eurasia]] and [[Africa]].<ref>Baum, Bernard R. (1978), "The Genus Tamarix", The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities</ref> The generic name originated in [[Latin]] and may have referred to the [[Tambre River|Tamaris River]] in [[Hispania Tarraconensis]] ([[Spain]]).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2ndDtX-RjYkC& |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names |volume=4 R-Z |year=2000 |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |publisher=Taylor & Francis US |isbn=9780849326783 |pages=2628}}</ref>
  
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== Species ==
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They are [[evergreen]] or [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s or [[tree]]s growing to 1-18 m in height and forming dense thickets. The largest, ''[[Tamarix aphylla]]'', is an [[evergreen]] tree that can grow to 18 m tall. They usually grow on [[soil salinity|saline soils]], tolerating up to 15,000 ppm soluble [[sodium chloride|salt]] and can also tolerate alkali conditions. Tamarisks are characterized by slender branches and grey-green foliage. The bark of young branches is smooth and reddish-brown. As the plants age, the bark becomes bluish-purple, ridged and furrowed. The [[leaf|leaves]] are scale-like, 1-2&nbsp;mm long, and overlap each other along the stem. They are often encrusted with salt secretions. The pink to white [[flower]]s appear in dense [[Inflorescence|masses]] on 5-10&nbsp;cm long spikes at branch tips from March to September, though some species (e.g. ''T. aphylla'') tend to flower during the winter.
  
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<gallery>
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''Tamarix'' can spread both [[Vegetative reproduction|vegetatively]], by [[Adventitiousness|adventitious]] roots or submerged stems, and sexually, by [[seed]]s. Each flower can produce thousands of tiny (1&nbsp;mm diameter) seeds that are contained in a small capsule usually adorned with a tuft of hair that aids in wind dispersal. Seeds can also be dispersed by water. Seedlings require extended periods of soil saturation for establishment. ''Tamarix'' species are fire-adapted, and have long tap roots that allow them to intercept deep [[water table]]s and exploit natural [[hydrology|water resources]]. They are able to limit competition from other plants by taking up salt from deep ground water, accumulating it in their foliage, and from there depositing it in the surface soil where it builds up concentrations temporarily detrimental to some plants. The salt is washed away during heavy rains. Tamarix trees are most often propagated by [[Cutting (plant)|cuttings]].
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{{Inc|
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Tamarix (ancient Latin name). Tamaricaceae. Tamarisk. Ornamental woody plants, grown chiefly for their showy panicles or racemes of pink or whitish flowers; and also for their very fine graceful foliage.
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Deciduous shrubs or trees: lvs. alternate, sessile, often sheathing, small, and scale-like: fls. small, short-pedicelled or sessile, in rather dense racemes, usually collected into terminal panicles; sepals and petals 4-5; stamens usually 4-5, rarely 8-12, sometimes slightly connate at the base; ovary 1-celled, surrounded at the base by a more or less deeply 5- or 10-lobed disk; styles 2-5, clavate or short and thick: fr. a caps., dehiscent into 3-5 valves; seeds many, minute, with a tuft of hairs at the apex.—About 75 species from the Medit. region to E. India and Japan. Several species have medicinal properties and yield dye-stuffs. The punctures of an insect, Coccus manniparus, cause T. mannifera to produce "manna."
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The tamarisks are very graceful shrubs or small trees with slender branches clothed with minute scale-like appressed leaves, and with usually light pink small flowers in large and loose terminal panicles or in numerous lateral racemes, followed by small capsular fruits. None of the species is quite hardy North, but T. pentandra, T. odessana, T. gallica, and T. parviflora are fairly hardy as far north as Massachusetts. Several of the species bloom late in summer and are a welcome addition to the autumn-flowering shrubs. As they are inhabitants of warmer arid regions, they are adapted for dry-land conditions, and they also grow well in saline and alkaline soil. They are excellent for seaside planting and thrive in the very spray of the salt water. Propagation is by seeds, which are very fine and should be only slightly covered, or usually by cuttings of ripened wood in the open ground or by greenwood cuttings under glass.
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T. africana, Poir. Allied to T. juniperina. Racemes 2-3 in. long: fls. very short-pedicelled: styles slenderer. Medit. region. Apparently not in cult.; the plant offered in trade under this name is usually T. parviflora.—T. algerica or T. algeriensis, Hort., is probably T. gallica; no species has been described under these names. The Algerian species are: T. gallica, Linn., T. brachystylis, Gay, T. bounopaea, Gay, T. africana, Poir., T. Balansae, Gay, T. rubella, Battand., T. pauciovulata, Gay, and T. articulata, Vaht.—T. anglica, Webb. Allied to T. gallica. Shrub, to 10 ft.: lvs. bluish green, somewhat constricted at the base: fls. ovate in bud; filaments filiform at the base, attached to the acute lobes of the 5-angled disk. W. Eu. S.E.B. 2:261.—T. articulata, Vahl. Tree, attaining 30 ft., with slender, jointed branches: lvs. glaucous, minute, sheathing: fls. 5-merous, pink, sessile, in terminal panicles. W. Asia. Not hardy N.—T. dahurica, Willd.-Myricaria dahurica. —T. germanica, Linn.-Myricaria germanica.—T. rubella, Battand. Allied to T. parviflora. Tree or shrub with red erect branches: lvs. minute, imbricate: bracts ovate, acute, almost as long as calyx; calyx-segms. 4; petals 4, rose; stamens 4, with long filaments and dark purple anthers. Algeria.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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''Tamarix'' can spread both vegetatively, by adventitious roots or submerged stems, and sexually, by seeds. Tamarix trees are most often propagated by cuttings.
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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{| width="75%"
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|-
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| width="67%" valign="top" |
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{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
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*''[[Tamarix africana]]''
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*''[[Tamarix androssowii]]''
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*''[[Tamarix aphylla]]''
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*''[[Tamarix arceuthoides]]''
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*''[[Tamarix austromongolica]]'' {{nb5}}
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*''[[Tamarix boveana]]''
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*''[[Tamarix canariensis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix chinensis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix dalmatica]]''
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*''[[Tamarix dioica]]''
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*''[[Tamarix elongata]]''
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*''[[Tamarix gallica]]''
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*''[[Tamarix gansuensis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix gracilis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix hampeana]]''
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*''[[Tamarix hispida]]'' {{nb5}}
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{{col-break}}
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*''[[Tamarix hohenackeri]]''
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*''[[Tamarix indica]]''
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*''[[Tamarix jintaenia]]''
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*''[[Tamarix juniperina]]''
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*''[[Tamarix karelinii]]''
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*''[[Tamarix laxa]]''
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*''[[Tamarix leptostachys]]''
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*''[[Tamarix meyeri]]''
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*''[[Tamarix mongolica]]''
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*''[[Tamarix parviflora]]''
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*''[[Tamarix ramosissima]]''
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*''[[Tamarix sachuensis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix smyrnensis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix taklamakanensis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix tarimensis]]''
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*''[[Tamarix tenuissima]]''
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*''[[Tamarix tetrandra]]''
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{{col-end}}
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| width="20%" valign="top" |
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[[Image:Tamarix gallica bloemen.jpg|right|225px|thumb|''Tamarix gallica'' in flower]]
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[[Image:Tamaris3.jpg|right|thumb|225px|A ''[[Tamarix aphylla]]'' species in natural habitat in [[Algeria]]]]
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|}
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
 
Image:Tamarix africana.jpg|''[[Tamarix africana]]''
 
Image:Tamarix africana.jpg|''[[Tamarix africana]]''
 
Image:Tamarix aphylla.jpg|''[[Tamarix aphylla]]''
 
Image:Tamarix aphylla.jpg|''[[Tamarix aphylla]]''
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Image:Tamarix gallica bloemen.jpg|''[[Tamarix gallica]]''
 
Image:Tamarix gallica bloemen.jpg|''[[Tamarix gallica]]''
 
Image:Tamarix-pentandra-flowers.JPG|''[[Tamarix pentandra]]''
 
Image:Tamarix-pentandra-flowers.JPG|''[[Tamarix pentandra]]''
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Image:Tamaris3.jpg|Unknown species, Algeria
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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== Unknown ==
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==References==
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<gallery>
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<references/>
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Image:Tamaris3.jpg|Unknown species, Algeria
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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</gallery>
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Tamarix]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 16:40, 18 April 2010


Tamarix gallica in flower


Plant Characteristics
Height: ⇕ 1 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 1. to 18 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 18.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Tamaricaceae >

Tamarix >

L. >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Tamarix is a genus of shrubs and small trees, commonly known as tamarisks or saltcedars.

The genus Tamarix (tamarisk, salt cedar) comprises about 50-60 species of flowering plants in the family Tamaricaceae, native to drier areas of Eurasia and Africa.[1] The generic name originated in Latin and may have referred to the Tamaris River in Hispania Tarraconensis (Spain).[2]

They are evergreen or deciduous shrubs or trees growing to 1-18 m in height and forming dense thickets. The largest, Tamarix aphylla, is an evergreen tree that can grow to 18 m tall. They usually grow on saline soils, tolerating up to 15,000 ppm soluble salt and can also tolerate alkali conditions. Tamarisks are characterized by slender branches and grey-green foliage. The bark of young branches is smooth and reddish-brown. As the plants age, the bark becomes bluish-purple, ridged and furrowed. The leaves are scale-like, 1-2 mm long, and overlap each other along the stem. They are often encrusted with salt secretions. The pink to white flowers appear in dense masses on 5-10 cm long spikes at branch tips from March to September, though some species (e.g. T. aphylla) tend to flower during the winter.

Tamarix can spread both vegetatively, by adventitious roots or submerged stems, and sexually, by seeds. Each flower can produce thousands of tiny (1 mm diameter) seeds that are contained in a small capsule usually adorned with a tuft of hair that aids in wind dispersal. Seeds can also be dispersed by water. Seedlings require extended periods of soil saturation for establishment. Tamarix species are fire-adapted, and have long tap roots that allow them to intercept deep water tables and exploit natural water resources. They are able to limit competition from other plants by taking up salt from deep ground water, accumulating it in their foliage, and from there depositing it in the surface soil where it builds up concentrations temporarily detrimental to some plants. The salt is washed away during heavy rains. Tamarix trees are most often propagated by cuttings.


Read about Tamarix in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Tamarix (ancient Latin name). Tamaricaceae. Tamarisk. Ornamental woody plants, grown chiefly for their showy panicles or racemes of pink or whitish flowers; and also for their very fine graceful foliage.

Deciduous shrubs or trees: lvs. alternate, sessile, often sheathing, small, and scale-like: fls. small, short-pedicelled or sessile, in rather dense racemes, usually collected into terminal panicles; sepals and petals 4-5; stamens usually 4-5, rarely 8-12, sometimes slightly connate at the base; ovary 1-celled, surrounded at the base by a more or less deeply 5- or 10-lobed disk; styles 2-5, clavate or short and thick: fr. a caps., dehiscent into 3-5 valves; seeds many, minute, with a tuft of hairs at the apex.—About 75 species from the Medit. region to E. India and Japan. Several species have medicinal properties and yield dye-stuffs. The punctures of an insect, Coccus manniparus, cause T. mannifera to produce "manna."

The tamarisks are very graceful shrubs or small trees with slender branches clothed with minute scale-like appressed leaves, and with usually light pink small flowers in large and loose terminal panicles or in numerous lateral racemes, followed by small capsular fruits. None of the species is quite hardy North, but T. pentandra, T. odessana, T. gallica, and T. parviflora are fairly hardy as far north as Massachusetts. Several of the species bloom late in summer and are a welcome addition to the autumn-flowering shrubs. As they are inhabitants of warmer arid regions, they are adapted for dry-land conditions, and they also grow well in saline and alkaline soil. They are excellent for seaside planting and thrive in the very spray of the salt water. Propagation is by seeds, which are very fine and should be only slightly covered, or usually by cuttings of ripened wood in the open ground or by greenwood cuttings under glass.

T. africana, Poir. Allied to T. juniperina. Racemes 2-3 in. long: fls. very short-pedicelled: styles slenderer. Medit. region. Apparently not in cult.; the plant offered in trade under this name is usually T. parviflora.—T. algerica or T. algeriensis, Hort., is probably T. gallica; no species has been described under these names. The Algerian species are: T. gallica, Linn., T. brachystylis, Gay, T. bounopaea, Gay, T. africana, Poir., T. Balansae, Gay, T. rubella, Battand., T. pauciovulata, Gay, and T. articulata, Vaht.—T. anglica, Webb. Allied to T. gallica. Shrub, to 10 ft.: lvs. bluish green, somewhat constricted at the base: fls. ovate in bud; filaments filiform at the base, attached to the acute lobes of the 5-angled disk. W. Eu. S.E.B. 2:261.—T. articulata, Vahl. Tree, attaining 30 ft., with slender, jointed branches: lvs. glaucous, minute, sheathing: fls. 5-merous, pink, sessile, in terminal panicles. W. Asia. Not hardy N.—T. dahurica, Willd.-Myricaria dahurica. —T. germanica, Linn.-Myricaria germanica.—T. rubella, Battand. Allied to T. parviflora. Tree or shrub with red erect branches: lvs. minute, imbricate: bracts ovate, acute, almost as long as calyx; calyx-segms. 4; petals 4, rose; stamens 4, with long filaments and dark purple anthers. Algeria.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Tamarix can spread both vegetatively, by adventitious roots or submerged stems, and sexually, by seeds. Tamarix trees are most often propagated by cuttings.

Pests and diseases

Species

Tamarix gallica in flower
A Tamarix aphylla species in natural habitat in Algeria

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Baum, Bernard R. (1978), "The Genus Tamarix", The Israel Academy of Science and Humanities
  2. ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. 4 R-Z. Taylor & Francis US. pp. 2628. ISBN 9780849326783. http://books.google.com/books?id=2ndDtX-RjYkC&. 

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Tamarix&oldid=126866"