Difference between revisions of "Ulmus macrocarpa"
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| − | + | The '''Large-fruited Elm ''Ulmus macrocarpa''''' <small>Hance</small> is a [[deciduous]] tree or large shrub endemic to the [[Far East]] excluding [[Japan]]. It is notable for its tolerance of drought and extreme cold and is the predominant vegetation on the dunes of the [[Korqin]] sandy lands in the [[Jilin]] province of north-eastern [[China]], making a small tree at the base of the dunes, and a shrub at the top [http://www.fao.org//docrep/006/ad110e/ad110e01.htm]. | |
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| + | By the age of ten years, the tree bears a close resemblance to the [[American Elm]] ''U. americana'', but will never approach the latter's size. The tree can reach a height of 17 m, with a slender trunk rarely exceeding 0.4 m [[diameter at breast height|d.b.h]]; the bark is longitudinally fissured, and dark grey in colour. The twigs often develop corky wings that may persist for several years. The leaves are usually [[leaf shape|obovate]] < 9 cm long by 5 cm broad, and chiefly characterized by their thick, leathery texture and obtusely doubly or simply toothed margins. The [[perfect flower|perfect]], wind-pollinated [[apetalous]] flowers appear from March until May. | ||
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| + | As implied by its name, ''U. macrocarpa'' is distinguished by its large, orbicular, wafer-like [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] < 50 mm in diameter, which ripen in May and June. <ref name=Fu,a>Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). ''China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1''. Science Press, Beijing</ref> <ref name=Fu,b>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref> | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
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===Pests and diseases=== | ===Pests and diseases=== | ||
| − | + | Possessed of a moderate resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]] and a low susceptibility to [[Elm Yellows]], it has also proven very resistant to the elm leaf beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'' in trials in [[Oklahoma]] [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/elms.htm] and [[Italy]] <ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). The History of Elm Breeding. ''Invest. Agrar.: Sist Recur For. 2004 13 (1), 161-177.</ref>. | |
==Varieties== | ==Varieties== | ||
| + | Two varieties are recognized: [[Ulmus macrocarpa var. glabra|var. ''glabra'']] <small>Nie & Huang</small> and [[Ulmus macrocarpa var. macrocarpa|var. ''macrocarpa'']] <small>L.K.Fu</small> | ||
| + | Hybrids, hybrid cultivars and cultivars: | ||
| + | A natural hybrid of ''U. macrocarpa'' and [[Ulmus davidiana var. japonica|''U. davidiana'' var. ''japonica'']], named ''[[Ulmus × mesocarpa]]'' was discovered in [[South Korea]] in the 1980s. | ||
| + | ''U. macrocarpa'' is believed to have been used in recent (post 2000) hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum <ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. ''Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For, (2004), 13 (1), 161-177. </ref> but results have yet (2008) to be published. There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon. | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:22, 5 May 2010
| Habit | tree
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 30 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 30. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 20 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 20. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Exposure: | ☼ | sun |
|---|---|---|
| USDA Zones: | 5 to 9 |
|
Ulmaceae > |
Ulmus > |
The Large-fruited Elm Ulmus macrocarpa Hance is a deciduous tree or large shrub endemic to the Far East excluding Japan. It is notable for its tolerance of drought and extreme cold and is the predominant vegetation on the dunes of the Korqin sandy lands in the Jilin province of north-eastern China, making a small tree at the base of the dunes, and a shrub at the top [2].
By the age of ten years, the tree bears a close resemblance to the American Elm U. americana, but will never approach the latter's size. The tree can reach a height of 17 m, with a slender trunk rarely exceeding 0.4 m d.b.h; the bark is longitudinally fissured, and dark grey in colour. The twigs often develop corky wings that may persist for several years. The leaves are usually obovate < 9 cm long by 5 cm broad, and chiefly characterized by their thick, leathery texture and obtusely doubly or simply toothed margins. The perfect, wind-pollinated apetalous flowers appear from March until May.
As implied by its name, U. macrocarpa is distinguished by its large, orbicular, wafer-like samarae < 50 mm in diameter, which ripen in May and June. [1] [2]
Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Possessed of a moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease and a low susceptibility to Elm Yellows, it has also proven very resistant to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola in trials in Oklahoma [3] and Italy [3].
Varieties
Two varieties are recognized: var. glabra Nie & Huang and var. macrocarpa L.K.Fu
Hybrids, hybrid cultivars and cultivars: A natural hybrid of U. macrocarpa and U. davidiana var. japonica, named Ulmus × mesocarpa was discovered in South Korea in the 1980s. U. macrocarpa is believed to have been used in recent (post 2000) hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum [3] but results have yet (2008) to be published. There are no known cultivars of this taxon.
Gallery
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- ↑ Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing
- ↑ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [1]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). The History of Elm Breeding. Invest. Agrar.: Sist Recur For. 2004 13 (1), 161-177. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Mittempergher" defined multiple times with different content
External links
- w:Ulmus macrocarpa. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Ulmus macrocarpa QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
