Difference between revisions of "Saccharum officinarum"

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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{{SPlantbox
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| name = ''Saccharum officinarum''
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|familia=Poaceae
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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|genus=Saccharum
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| growth_habit = grass
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|species=officinarum
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| high = 6m (? ft){{RHS}}
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|common_name=Sugar cane
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| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| origin = SE Asia, Polynesia{{RHS}}
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|habit=grass
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| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| lifespan = perennial
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|Min ht box=12
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| exposure =     <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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|Min ht metric=ft
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| water =     <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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|Max ht box=20
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| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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|Max ht metric=ft
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| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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|Min wd box=3
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| usda_zones =     <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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|Min wd metric=ft
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| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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|Max wd box=6
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| color = IndianRed
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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|lifespan=perennial
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| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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|exposure=sun
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| regnum = Plantae
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|phylum = Magnoliophyta
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|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
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|unranked_classis = Monocots
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|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|unranked_ordo = Commelinids
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|ordo = Poales
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|min_zone=9
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|familia = Poaceae
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|genus = Saccharum
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|max_zone=12
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| species = officinarum
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|image=Cut sugarcane.jpg
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| subspecies =
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|image_width=240
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| cultivar =  
 
 
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{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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'''Sugarcane''' is any of six to thirty-seven species (depending on taxonomic system) of tall [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[Poaceae|grasses]] of the genus ''Saccharum'' (family [[Poaceae]], tribe [[Andropogoneae]]). Native to warm temperate to tropical regions of [[Asia]], they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in [[sugar]], and measure two to six meters (six to nineteen feet) tall. All sugar [[cane]] species interbreed, and the major commercial [[cultivar]]s are complex [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]].
  
 
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{{Inc|
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[[Saccharum]] officinarum, Linn. Sugar-cane. St. 8-20 ft. high, 1-2 in. thick. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost., Bull. 20:18. G.W. 8:261 (under the name S. officinale).—The different cult. varieties are distinguished by color and height of st.
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[[Saccharum]] officinarum, Linn. Sugar-cane. St. 8-20 ft. high, 1-2 in. thick. —The different cult. varieties are distinguished by color and height of st.
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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[[Image:Sugar cane madeira hg.jpg|thumb|left|Sugar cane field on [[Madeira]]|alt=Photo of standing and fallen cane]]
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Sugarcane cultivation requires a [[tropical]] or [[temperate]] climate, with a minimum of {{convert|60|cm|in}} of annual moisture. It is one of the most [[Photosynthetic efficiency|efficient]] [[Photosynthesis|photosynthesizers]] in the [[plant kingdom]].
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Harvesters by cutting the cane just above ground-level using [[cane knife|cane knives]] or [[machete]]s.
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Once cut, sugarcane begins to lose its sugar content.
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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Although sugarcanes produce seeds, modern stem cutting has become the most common reproduction method. Each cutting must contain at least one bud. Once planted, a stand can be harvested several times; after each harvest, the cane sends up new stalks, called '''ratoons.''' Successive harvests give decreasing yields, eventually justifying replanting. Two to ten harvests may be possible between plantings.
  
 
===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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The cane grub can substantially reduce crop yield by eating roots; it can be controlled with [[Confidor]] or [[Lorsban]]. Other important pests are the [[larva]]e of some [[lepidoptera|butterfly/moth]] species, including the [[turnip moth]], the [[sugarcane borer]] (''Diatraea saccharalis''), the Mexican rice borer (''Eoreuma loftini''); leaf-cutting ants, [[termites]], [[spittlebug]]s (especially ''Mahanarva fimbriolata'' and ''Deois flavopicta''), and the [[beetle]] ''Migdolus fryanus''. The planthopper insect  ''[[Eumetopina flavipes]]'' acts as a [[phytoplasma]] vector, which causes the sugarcane disease [[ramu stunt]].<ref>[http://www.biology.ox.ac.uk/sugarcane_nov.html ''Eumetopina flavipes'' and Ramu Stunt]</ref>
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Numerous pathogens infect sugarcane. See the [[List of sugarcane diseases|list of sugarcane diseases]]. [[Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease|Grassy Shoot Disease]] [[(SCGS)]] caused by ''[[Phytoplasma]]'', [[Whiptail disease]] caused by [[smut]] (''[[Ustilago scitaminea]]''), [[Pokkah Boeng]] caused by ''[[Fusarium moniliforme]]'', [[Red Rot]] disease caused by ''[[Colletotrichum falcatum]]'' are important and widely found diseases of sugarcane. Among [[viruses]], [[Sugarcane mosaic virus]], [[Maize streak virus]], [[Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus]] are found seldom.
  
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==Species==
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==Varieties==
 
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Latest revision as of 00:27, 7 May 2010


Cut sugarcane.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   grass

Height: ⇕ 12 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 12. to 20 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 20.
Width: ⇔ 3 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 3. to 6 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 6.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Bloom: ❀ early summer, mid summer, late summer
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
USDA Zones: 9 to 12
Scientific Names

Poaceae >

Saccharum >

officinarum >


Sugarcane is any of six to thirty-seven species (depending on taxonomic system) of tall perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae). Native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia, they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six meters (six to nineteen feet) tall. All sugar cane species interbreed, and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.


Read about Saccharum officinarum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Saccharum officinarum, Linn. Sugar-cane. St. 8-20 ft. high, 1-2 in. thick. —The different cult. varieties are distinguished by color and height of st.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Photo of standing and fallen cane
Sugar cane field on Madeira

Sugarcane cultivation requires a tropical or temperate climate, with a minimum of 60 cm in of annual moisture. It is one of the most efficient photosynthesizers in the plant kingdom.

Harvesters by cutting the cane just above ground-level using cane knives or machetes.

Once cut, sugarcane begins to lose its sugar content.

Propagation

Although sugarcanes produce seeds, modern stem cutting has become the most common reproduction method. Each cutting must contain at least one bud. Once planted, a stand can be harvested several times; after each harvest, the cane sends up new stalks, called ratoons. Successive harvests give decreasing yields, eventually justifying replanting. Two to ten harvests may be possible between plantings.

Pests and diseases

The cane grub can substantially reduce crop yield by eating roots; it can be controlled with Confidor or Lorsban. Other important pests are the larvae of some butterfly/moth species, including the turnip moth, the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), the Mexican rice borer (Eoreuma loftini); leaf-cutting ants, termites, spittlebugs (especially Mahanarva fimbriolata and Deois flavopicta), and the beetle Migdolus fryanus. The planthopper insect Eumetopina flavipes acts as a phytoplasma vector, which causes the sugarcane disease ramu stunt.[1]

Numerous pathogens infect sugarcane. See the list of sugarcane diseases. Grassy Shoot Disease (SCGS) caused by Phytoplasma, Whiptail disease caused by smut (Ustilago scitaminea), Pokkah Boeng caused by Fusarium moniliforme, Red Rot disease caused by Colletotrichum falcatum are important and widely found diseases of sugarcane. Among viruses, Sugarcane mosaic virus, Maize streak virus, Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus are found seldom.

Varieties

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Eumetopina flavipes and Ramu Stunt
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