Difference between revisions of "Arctic Willow"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Salicaceae
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| name = Arctic Willow
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|genus=Salix
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| status =  
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|species=arctica
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|common_name=Arctic Willow
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|habit=shrub
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Max ht box=4
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|Max ht metric=in
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Min wd box=24
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|Min wd metric=in
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|Max wd box=48
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|Max wd metric=in
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|exposure=sun
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|flowers=blue, purple
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=1
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|max_zone=8
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|image=Ivaarctos2.jpg
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|image_width=240
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}}
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'''''Salix arctica''''' ('''Arctic Willow''') is a tiny creeping [[willow]] (family [[Salicaceae]]). It is adapted to survive in harsh [[Arctic]] and [[subarctic]] environments, and has a circumpolar distribution round the [[Arctic Ocean]]. It grows in [[tundra]] and rocky [[moorland]], and is the [[The World's most northern|northernmost]] [[woody plant]] in the world, occurring far above the [[tree line]] up to the northern limit of land on the north coast of [[Greenland]]. It also occurs further south in [[North America]] on high altitude Alpine tundra south to the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] in [[California]] and the [[Rocky Mountains]] in [[New Mexico]], and in [[Asia]] to [[Xinjiang]] in [[China]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102715 ''Salix arctica'']</ref><ref name=scaa>Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: [http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/sal/www/wlsaar.htm ''Salix arctica'']</ref><ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Salix&SPECIES_XREF=arctica&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Salix arctica'']</ref>
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It is typically a low [[shrub]] growing to only {{convert|1|-|15|cm|abbr=on}} in height (rarely to {{convert|25|cm|abbr=on}} high), however in the [[Pacific Northwest]] it may reach {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} in height,<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Salix%20arctica.pdf Salix arctica]}}</ref> and has round, shiny green [[leaf|leaves]] {{convert|1|-|4|cm|abbr=on}} long and broad, rarely up to {{convert|8|cm|abr=on}} long and {{convert|6|cm|abbr=on}} broad; they are pubescent, with long silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic Willow is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female [[catkin]]s on separate plants. As a result the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.<ref name=scaa/><ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Salix+arctica ''Salix arctica'']</ref>
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Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe [[Climate of the Arctic|Arctic climate]]; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old.<ref name=scaa/>
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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secure
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===Pests and diseases===
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| image = Salix herbacea(02).jpg
 
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| image_width = 240px
 
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| image_caption = Arctic Willow foliage and male catkins
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
 
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| familia = [[Salicaceae]]
 
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| genus = ''[[Willow|Salix]]''
 
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| species = '''''S. arctica'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Salix arctica''
 
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| binomial_authority = [[Peter Simon Pallas|Pall.]]
 
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}}
 
  
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The '''Arctic Willow''' (''Salix arctica'') is a tiny creeping [[willow]] (family [[Salicaceae]]). It is adapted to survive in harsh arctic and sub-arctic environments, and has a circumpolar distribution round the [[Arctic Ocean]]. It grows in [[tundra]] and rocky [[moorland]], and is the [[the world's most northern|northernmost]] [[woody plant]] in the world, occurring north to the northern limit of land on the north coast of [[Greenland]]. 
 
  
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It is typically a low [[shrub]] growing to only 1-15 cm in height (rarely to 25 cm high) and has round, shiny green [[Leaf|leaves]] 1-3 cm long and broad, rarely up to 8 cm long and 6 cm broad; they are pubescent, with long silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic Willow is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female [[catkin]]s on separate plants. As a result the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.
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==Varieties==
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[[Hybrid (biology)|Hybrids]] with ''[[Salix arcticola]]'' and ''[[Salix glauca]]'' are known.<ref name=scaa/>
  
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Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe arctic climate; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old.
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==Gallery==
  
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The arctic willow is the only woody species to grow on [[Ellesmere Island]], part of the [[Canada|Canadian]] territory of [[Nunavut]]. Here it grows approximately three inches every June, sprouts small leaves at the end of the month, and drops them before August.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.billingsgazette.net/articles/2007/10/25/news/local/38-poles.txt |title=Researcher: Study of poles needed |author=Ed Kemmick |publisher=Billingsgazette.net |date=2007-10-25 |accessdate=2007-10-25}}</ref>
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<gallery perrow=5>
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File:Ivaarctos1.jpg
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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==Notes==
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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<references/>
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/sal/www/wlsaar.htm Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: ''Salix arctica'']
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Salicaceae|Willow, Arctic]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Arctic flora]]
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 16:34, 7 May 2010


Ivaarctos2.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   shrub

Height: ⇕ 4 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 4.
Width: ⇔ 24 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 24. to 48 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 48.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
USDA Zones: 1 to 8
Flower features: ❀ blue, purple
Scientific Names

Salicaceae >

Salix >

arctica >


Salix arctica (Arctic Willow) is a tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae). It is adapted to survive in harsh Arctic and subarctic environments, and has a circumpolar distribution round the Arctic Ocean. It grows in tundra and rocky moorland, and is the northernmost woody plant in the world, occurring far above the tree line up to the northern limit of land on the north coast of Greenland. It also occurs further south in North America on high altitude Alpine tundra south to the Sierra Nevada in California and the Rocky Mountains in New Mexico, and in Asia to Xinjiang in China.[1][2][3]

It is typically a low shrub growing to only 1 - 15 cm in height (rarely to 25 cm high), however in the Pacific Northwest it may reach 50 cm in height,[4] and has round, shiny green leaves 1 - 4 cm long and broad, rarely up to 8 cm long and 6 cm broad; they are pubescent, with long silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic Willow is dioecious, with male and female catkins on separate plants. As a result the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.[2][5]

Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe Arctic climate; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old.[2]

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Hybrids with Salix arcticola and Salix glauca are known.[2]

Gallery

  • Ivaarctos1.jpg

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

  1. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Salix arctica
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Salix arctica
  3. ↑ Flora Europaea: Salix arctica
  4. ↑ Template:PDFlink
  5. ↑ Jepson Flora: Salix arctica

External links


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