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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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'''''Salix arctica''''' ('''Arctic Willow''') is a tiny creeping [[willow]] (family [[Salicaceae]]). It is adapted to survive in harsh [[Arctic]] and [[subarctic]] environments, and has a circumpolar distribution round the [[Arctic Ocean]]. It grows in [[tundra]] and rocky [[moorland]], and is the [[The World's most northern|northernmost]] [[woody plant]] in the world, occurring far above the [[tree line]] up to the northern limit of land on the north coast of [[Greenland]]. It also occurs further south in [[North America]] on high altitude Alpine tundra south to the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] in [[California]] and the [[Rocky Mountains]] in [[New Mexico]], and in [[Asia]] to [[Xinjiang]] in [[China]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102715 ''Salix arctica'']</ref><ref name=scaa>Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: [http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/sal/www/wlsaar.htm ''Salix arctica'']</ref><ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Salix&SPECIES_XREF=arctica&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Salix arctica'']</ref>
| color = lightgreen
It is typically a low [[shrub]] growing to only {{convert|1|-|15|cm|abbr=on}} in height (rarely to {{convert|25|cm|abbr=on}} high), however in the [[Pacific Northwest]] it may reach {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} in height,<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Salix%20arctica.pdf Salix arctica]}}</ref> and has round, shiny green [[leaf|leaves]] {{convert|1|-|4|cm|abbr=on}} long and broad, rarely up to {{convert|8|cm|abr=on}} long and {{convert|6|cm|abbr=on}} broad; they are pubescent, with long silky, silvery hairs. Like the rest of the willows, Arctic Willow is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with male and female [[catkin]]s on separate plants. As a result the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.<ref name=scaa/><ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Salix+arctica ''Salix arctica'']</ref>
| image = Salix herbacea(02).jpg
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Despite its small size, it is a long-lived plant, growing extremely slowly in the severe [[Climate of the Arctic|Arctic climate]]; one in eastern Greenland was found to be 236 years old.<ref name=scaa/>
| image_caption = Arctic Willow foliage and male catkins
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
==Cultivation==
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
===Propagation===
| familia = [[Salicaceae]]
===Pests and diseases===
==Varieties==
[[Hybrid (biology)|Hybrids]] with ''[[Salix arcticola]]'' and ''[[Salix glauca]]'' are known.<ref name=scaa/>
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
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==Notes==
==References==
<references/>
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.mun.ca/biology/delta/arcticf/sal/www/wlsaar.htm Salicaceae of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: ''Salix arctica'']
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