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Salix nigra (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Salicaceae
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|genus=Salix
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|species=nigra
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|taxo_author=Marshall
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|common_name=Black willow
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Min ht box=10
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|Min ht metric=ft
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|Max ht box=30
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|Max ht metric=ft
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Max wd box=15
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|Max wd metric=ft
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|origin=E United States
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|exposure=sun
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|water=wet, moist
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|water_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
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|features=flowers
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|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring
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|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=4
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|max_zone=10
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|image=Salix nigra Morton 180-88-3.jpg
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|image_width=180
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|image_caption=Cultivated Specimen
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}}
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'''''Salix nigra''''' ('''Black Willow''') is a species of [[willow]] native to eastern [[North America]], from [[New Brunswick]] and southern [[Ontario]] west to [[Minnesota]], and south to northern [[Florida]] and [[Texas]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102718 ''Salix nigra'']</ref>
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[[File:Salix nigra catkins 8001.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Flowers]]It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]], the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10-30 m tall, exceptionally up to 45 m, with a trunk 50–80 cm diameter. The [[bark]] is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees. The shoots are slender, variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European ''[[Salix fragilis]]'') brittle at the base, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are small, 2–4 mm long, with a single pointed reddish-brown bud scale. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, long, thin, 5-15 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, usually somewhat [[leaf shape|falcate]], dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] and a pair of small [[stipule]]s. It is [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with small, greenish yellow to yellow [[flower]]s borne on [[catkin]]s 2.5-7.5 cm long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The [[fruit]] is a 5 mm [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered [[seed]]s. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.<ref name=borealforest>Tree Species of the World's Boreal Forests: [http://www.borealforest.org/world/trees/black_willow.htm ''Salix nigra'']</ref><ref name=ncp>Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: [http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/SANI.htm ''Salix nigra'']</ref><ref name=nb>New Brunswick tree and shrub species of concern: [http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite/mx-212/blackwillow ''Salix nigra'']</ref>
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''[[Salix gooddingii]]'' (Goodding's Willow) is sometimes included in ''S. nigra'' as a [[variety (botany)|variety]], as ''S. nigra'' var. ''vallicola'' Dudley; when included, this extends the species' range to western North America. However, the two are usually treated as distinct species.<ref name=usda>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAGO ''Salix gooddingii'']</ref>
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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Salix nigra, Marsh. Black Willow. Fig. 3526. Tree, 30-40 ft. high: bark flaky, often becoming shaggy: twigs brittle at base: buds small: lvs. lanceolate, green both sides, finely and evenly serrate: aments 1-2 in. long; scales oblong, deciduous; stamens 3-6; ovary ovate-conical, glabrous; style short but distinct. E. N. Amer. Var. falcata, Pursh. Lvs. elongated, narrow and falcate.
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[[Salix]] nigra. Black Willow. Tree, 30-40 ft. high: bark flaky, often becoming shaggy: twigs brittle at base: buds small: lvs. lanceolate, green both sides, finely and evenly serrate: aments 1-2 in. long; scales oblong, deciduous; stamens 3-6; ovary ovate-conical, glabrous; style short but distinct. E. N. Amer. Var. falcata, Pursh. Lvs. elongated, narrow and falcate.
 
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Black Willow
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| image = Salix-nigra(01).jpg
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===Propagation===
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| image_width = 200px
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| status = G5
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| status_system = TNC
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===Pests and diseases===
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| status_ref = <ref name=natureserve>{{Cite web
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  | publisher =NatureServe
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  | title = Salix nigra
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==Varieties==
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  | work = NatureServe Explorer
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  | url = http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Salix+nigra+
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  | accessdate = 2007-07-22}}</ref>
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
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| familia = [[Salicaceae]]
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| genus = ''[[Willow|Salix]]''
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| species = '''''S. nigra'''''
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| binomial = ''Salix nigra''
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| binomial_authority = Marsh.
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}}
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'''''Salix nigra''''', commonly known as the '''black willow''', is a tree species native to eastern [[North America]]. It is present from [[Nova Scotia]] and southern [[Ontario]], west to [[Nebraska]] and southeastern [[Arizona]] and south to [[Florida]] and northeastern [[Mexico]]. The largest American species of willow, it is typically found along streams and in swamps, hence it is also known as the '''swamp willow''' (not to be confused with ''[[Swamp Willow|Salix myrtilloides]]''). Goodding's willow  (''[[Salix gooddingii]]'') is sometimes considered a variety of the black willow, which would extend its range to western North America.
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==Description==
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==Gallery==
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It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]], growing to 20-30 m in good conditions, exceptionally up to 40 m. It has long, thin [[leaf|leaves]], 7-13 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, dark, shiny green color, with a lighter green underside. It is [[Plant sexuality|dioecious]], with small, green [[flower]]s that are borne on [[catkin]]s 2.5-7.5 cm long. The [[fruit]] is a 5 mm [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered [[seed]]s.
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==Uses==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Black Willow roots are very bitter, and have been used as a substitute for [[quinine]] in the past.
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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The Great Lakes Ojibwe used the young branches and twigs to make baskets and other parts were used to treat indigestion.
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==  
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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<references/>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/sani.htm Bioimages: ''Salix nigra'']
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.borealforest.org/world/trees/black_willow.htm Borealforest: ''Salix nigra'']
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*{{commons-inline}}
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[[Category:Salicaceae|Willow, Black]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Flora of Canada]]
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[[Category:Flora of the United States]]
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[[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
 
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