Difference between revisions of "Solanum tuberosum"

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The '''potato''' is a [[starch]]y, [[tuber]]ous [[crop (agriculture)|crop]] from the [[perennial plant|perennial]] ''[[Solanum]] tuberosum'' of the [[Solanaceae]] family (also known as the nightshades).  The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the [[Andes]], there are some other closely related cultivated potato species. Potatoes are the world's fourth largest food crop, following [[rice]], [[wheat]], and [[maize]].<ref>http://www.hort.purdue.edu/rhodcv/hort410/potat/po00001.htm</ref>  
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Potato plants are herbaceous [[perennial]]s that grow about 60&nbsp;cm (24&nbsp;in) high, depending on variety, the [[culm (plant)|culms]] dying back after flowering. They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple [[flower]]s with yellow [[stamen]]s. The tubers of varieties with white flowers generally have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=QDrqL2J-AiYC&pg=PA209&dq=potato+plants+60+cm&client=firefox-a Growing Food: A Guide to Food Production] ISBN 1402066244</ref> Potatoes are [[pollination|cross-pollinated]] mostly by [[insects]], including [[bumblebee]]s, which carry pollen from other potato plants, but a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well. Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.<ref>[http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/abstract.01supp/s37.pdf Regulation of potato tuberization by daylength and gibberellins]</ref>
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After potato plants flower, some varieties produce small green fruits that resemble green [[cherry tomato]]es, each containing up to 300 true [[seed]]s.  Potato fruit contains large amounts of the toxic [[alkaloid]] [[solanine]] and is therefore unsuitable for consumption. All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true seed" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers. By finely chopping the fruit and soaking it in water, the seeds separate from the flesh by sinking to the bottom after about a day (the remnants of the fruit float). Any potato variety can also be [[vegetative propagation|propagated vegetatively]] by planting tubers, pieces of tubers, cut to include at least one or two eyes, or also by cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. Some commercial potato varieties do not produce [[seed]]s at all (they bear imperfect flowers) and are propagated only from tuber pieces. Confusingly, these tubers or tuber pieces are called "seed potatoes".
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Solanum tuberosum, Linn. Potato. Low, weak-stemmed, much-branched perennial with tender, herbaceous tops, and perpetuating itself asexually by means of thickened or tuberous underground sts., glabrous or pubescent-hirsute: lvs. unequally pinnate, the 5-9 oblong-ovate lfts. interposed with much smaller ones: fls. variable in color, white passing through various tints and shades of purple, violet, and blue, in long-stemmed dichotomous clusters: fr. a globular berry 1/2- l in. or more in diam., usually through lack of viable pollen not produced in the highly developed modern varieties except in favored localities and in the case of certain varieties, but fruiting abundantly in S. Chile and in Peru. Temp. Andes of Peru and Bolivia. See Potato.
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Solanum tuberosum, Linn. Potato. Figs. 3628, also 3152, 3153, Vol. V. Low, weak-stemmed, much-branched perennial with tender, herbaceous tops, and perpetuating itself asexually by means of thickened or tuberous underground sts., glabrous or pubescent-hirsute: lvs. unequally pinnate, the 5-9 oblong-ovate lfts. interposed with much smaller ones: fls. variable in color, white passing through various tints and shades of purple, violet, and blue, in long-stemmed dichotomous clusters: fr. a globular berry 1/2- l in. or more in diam., usually through lack of viable pollen not produced in the highly developed modern varieties except in favored localities and in the case of certain varieties, but fruiting abundantly in S. Chile and in Peru. Temp. Andes of Peru and Bolivia. See Potato.
 
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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At harvest time, gardeners usually dig up potatoes with a long-handled, three-prong "grape" (or graip), i.e., a spading fork, or a potato hook.
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Potatoes themselves are generally grown from the eyes of another potato and not from seed. Home gardeners often plant a piece of potato with two or three eyes in a hill of mounded soil.
  
 
===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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==Varieties==
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There are about five-thousand potato varieties worldwide. Three thousand of them are found in the Andes alone{{wp}}. They belong to eight or nine species, depending on the taxonomic school. Apart from the five-thousand cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and subspecies.{{wp}}
 +
 
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Popular varieties ([[cultivar]]s) include{{wp}}:
 +
 
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
* Anya
 +
* Arran Victory
 +
* Atlantic
 +
* Belle de Fontenay
 +
* BF-15
 +
* Bintje
 +
* Cabritas
 +
* Camota
 +
* Chelina
 +
* Chiloé<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.papasnativas.cl/chwb/cet/variedades.html |title=Papas Nativas de Chiloé – Descripción de tuberculos |publisher=Papasnativas.cl |date= |accessdate=6 December 2009}}</ref>
 +
* Cielo
 +
* Clavela Blanca
 +
* Désirée
 +
||
 +
* Fianna
 +
* Fingerling
 +
* Flava
 +
* Golden Wonder
 +
* Jersey Royal
 +
* Kerr's Pink
 +
* Kestrel
 +
* King Edward
 +
* Kipfler
 +
* Lady Balfour
 +
* Maris Piper
 +
* Nicola
 +
* Pachacoña
 +
||
 +
* Pink Eye
 +
* Pink Fir Apple
 +
* Primura
 +
* Red Norland
 +
* Red Pontiac
 +
* Rooster
 +
* Russet Burbank
 +
* Russet Norkotah
 +
* Shepody
 +
* Spunta
 +
* Vivaldi
 +
* Yukon Gold
 +
||
 +
|}
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
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<gallery perrow=5>
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File:Potato plant.jpg| photo 1
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<gallery>
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File:Patates.jpg| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:Perunapelto Nakkila.JPG| photo 3
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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File:Kartoffelblüte IMG 5363.JPG
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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File:Aardappel bloem Parel Solanum tuberosum.jpg
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File:Doré (Solanum tuberosum).jpg
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File:Potato fruits.jpg
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File:Potato flowers.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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Revision as of 16:49, 2 June 2010


Potato sprouts.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   herbaceous

Height: ⇕ 18 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 18. to 24 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 24.
Width: ⇔ 18 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 18.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ edible
USDA Zones: 7 to 11
Flower features: ❀ blue, purple, white
Scientific Names

Solanaceae >

Solanum >

tuberosum >


The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family (also known as the nightshades). The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, there are some other closely related cultivated potato species. Potatoes are the world's fourth largest food crop, following rice, wheat, and maize.[1]

Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm (24 in) high, depending on variety, the culms dying back after flowering. They bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. The tubers of varieties with white flowers generally have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins.[2] Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects, including bumblebees, which carry pollen from other potato plants, but a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well. Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.[3]

After potato plants flower, some varieties produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing up to 300 true seeds. Potato fruit contains large amounts of the toxic alkaloid solanine and is therefore unsuitable for consumption. All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true seed" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers. By finely chopping the fruit and soaking it in water, the seeds separate from the flesh by sinking to the bottom after about a day (the remnants of the fruit float). Any potato variety can also be propagated vegetatively by planting tubers, pieces of tubers, cut to include at least one or two eyes, or also by cuttings, a practice used in greenhouses for the production of healthy seed tubers. Some commercial potato varieties do not produce seeds at all (they bear imperfect flowers) and are propagated only from tuber pieces. Confusingly, these tubers or tuber pieces are called "seed potatoes".


Read about Solanum tuberosum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Solanum tuberosum, Linn. Potato. Low, weak-stemmed, much-branched perennial with tender, herbaceous tops, and perpetuating itself asexually by means of thickened or tuberous underground sts., glabrous or pubescent-hirsute: lvs. unequally pinnate, the 5-9 oblong-ovate lfts. interposed with much smaller ones: fls. variable in color, white passing through various tints and shades of purple, violet, and blue, in long-stemmed dichotomous clusters: fr. a globular berry 1/2- l in. or more in diam., usually through lack of viable pollen not produced in the highly developed modern varieties except in favored localities and in the case of certain varieties, but fruiting abundantly in S. Chile and in Peru. Temp. Andes of Peru and Bolivia. See Potato. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

At harvest time, gardeners usually dig up potatoes with a long-handled, three-prong "grape" (or graip), i.e., a spading fork, or a potato hook.

Propagation

Potatoes themselves are generally grown from the eyes of another potato and not from seed. Home gardeners often plant a piece of potato with two or three eyes in a hill of mounded soil.

Pests and diseases

Varieties

There are about five-thousand potato varieties worldwide. Three thousand of them are found in the Andes alonewp. They belong to eight or nine species, depending on the taxonomic school. Apart from the five-thousand cultivated varieties, there are about 200 wild species and subspecies.wp

Popular varieties (cultivars) includewp:

  • Anya
  • Arran Victory
  • Atlantic
  • Belle de Fontenay
  • BF-15
  • Bintje
  • Cabritas
  • Camota
  • Chelina
  • Chiloé[4]
  • Cielo
  • Clavela Blanca
  • Désirée
  • Fianna
  • Fingerling
  • Flava
  • Golden Wonder
  • Jersey Royal
  • Kerr's Pink
  • Kestrel
  • King Edward
  • Kipfler
  • Lady Balfour
  • Maris Piper
  • Nicola
  • Pachacoña
  • Pink Eye
  • Pink Fir Apple
  • Primura
  • Red Norland
  • Red Pontiac
  • Rooster
  • Russet Burbank
  • Russet Norkotah
  • Shepody
  • Spunta
  • Vivaldi
  • Yukon Gold

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

  • Kartoffelblüte IMG 5363.JPG
  • Aardappel bloem Parel Solanum tuberosum.jpg
  • Doré (Solanum tuberosum).jpg
  • Potato fruits.jpg
  • Potato flowers.jpg

References

  1. ↑ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/rhodcv/hort410/potat/po00001.htm
  2. ↑ Growing Food: A Guide to Food Production ISBN 1402066244
  3. ↑ Regulation of potato tuberization by daylength and gibberellins
  4. ↑ "Papas Nativas de Chiloé – Descripción de tuberculos". Papasnativas.cl. Retrieved on 6 December 2009.

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Solanum_tuberosum&oldid=129163"