Stylidium

Plant Characteristics

Lifespan:	⌛	perennial

Cultivation

Scientific Names

Stylidiaceae >

Stylidium >

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Plant Characteristics

Origin:	✈	?

Cultivation

Exposure:	☼	?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
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Scientific Names

Read about Stylidium in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Stylidium (stylos, a column, referring to the body formed by the union of the stamens and style). Candolleaceae or Stylidiaceae. Herbaceous or somewhat woody perennials of many perplexing species mostly in Australia, seldom grown under glass or in the open in mild climates. Confusion has arisen in the name of this group, and recent authorities adopt the name Candollea, but Candollea is itself confused. In 1805, La Billardiere founded the genus Candollea for the plants which a few months earlier were named Stylidium, Swartz, by Willdenow (Sp. Pl. iv. 146). As the first application of the name Candollea was thus invalidated, La Billardiere, in 1806, used Candollea for a genus belonging to Dilleniaceae; this is the group described on page 653. Vol. II, now included in Hibbertia by Gilg in Engler & Prantl's Pflanzenfamilien, although kept separate by Bentham in Flora Australiensis and by Bentham & Hooker in Genera Plantarum. Although the name Stylidium, Swartz, is antedated by Stylidium, Loureiro, founded in 1790 on a plant of the Cornaceae, Swartz's name stands, since Loureiro's Stylidium belongs as a synonym to the earlier genus Alangium (see page 243, Vol. I). According to the International Rules, as well as on the principle of fifty years of accepted usage, it is correct to retain Candollea for the Dilleniaceous plants (page 653) and to use Stylidium for the genus we are now considering, as is done by Bentham & Hooker. Schonland, however, in Engler & Prantl, and, earlier, F. von Mueller, revive the Candollea of 1805 and make Stylidium a synonym, and in this case the Candollea of 1806 would become Eeldea of Durand if it is retained as a genus distinct from Hibbertia. According to the Philadelphia or American Code, however, the existence of earlier homonyms, no matter whether valid names or synonyms, prevents the use of Stylidium, Swartz, and of Candollea of 1806, and Forsteropsis would apparently be the name to be used for the Stylidium of Swartz, while Eeldea would replace Candollea. The latest monographer, Mildbraed, in Engler's Pflanzenreich, hft. 35 (iv. 278. 1908), adopts Stylidium, Swartz. It may be said in passing that the generic name Candollea has also been used for plants distinct from either of the groups we are here considering, but these applications are of later origin. The stylidiums are of very minor importance horticulturally and scarcely appear in the American trade, although S. adnatum has been listed in southern California. The species are difficult of determination in Australia; Mildbraed describes 103. Most of the species "form a rosette or spreading tuft of radical leaves from the midst of which springs the scape. Sometimes the following year the new leaves and scape are close to the old ones, forming a dense, tufted stock, the bases of the leaves sometimes assuming a bulbous appearance; in others, one or two short stems are formed above the old tuft, each crowned by a new rosette and scape, and sometimes several successive tufts of leaves, separated by short stems or branches, may be observed. The plants are more or less lobelia-like, with pink, purplish, yellow, or white fls. in racemes, panicles, or cymes; corolla irregular, five-lobed of which four lobes ascend in pairs and the other (the lip) much smaller and deflexed or sometimes nearly as large as the others and curved upward; calyx five-lobed, more or less two-lipped; stamens two, united with the style: fruit a capsule, two-valved from the top downward: leaves all radical, or scattered in whorl-like tufts, as described above. S. adnatum, R. Br. (Candollea adnata, Muell.), has mostly very narrow or linear lvs. scattered along the st., the upper ones crowded in a terminal tuft: fls. pink, nearly sessile in compound racemes or spike-like panicles: sts. 12 in. or less long.—S. Brunonianum, Benth. (Candollea Brunoniana, Muell.). Tufted or rarely proliferous, the radical lvs. linear to oblanceolate: scapes 12-18 in. high, with whorls of narrow lvs., and bearing many small pink fls., the corolla-throat appendaged, B.R.28:15. H.U. 4:72.—S. ciliatum, Lindl. (S. saxifragoides, Lindl. Candollea ciliata, Muell.).-S. piliferum.—S. dichotomum, DC. (S. mucronifolium, Hook. Candollea dichotoma, Muell.). Low, the scapes 2-4 in. high and glandular-pubescent: lvs. narrowly linear, acute, scattered between tufts at base and top: fls. yellow in a glandular-hairy compound raceme or panicle. B.M. 4538. F.S. 6:606 (as S. Hookeri). J.F. 1:59.— S. graminifolium, Swartz (S. Armeria, Labill. Candollea graminifolia, Muell.). Tufted or somewhat proliferous, the scapes 6-18 in. high: lvs. rather rigid, linear, sometimes denticulate: fls. pink, nearly sessile in a raceme or interrupted spike. B.R. 90. B.M. 1918. J.F. 3:286.—S.piliferum, R. Br. Tufted, lvs. linear and hair-pointed, the plant with yellow glandular hairs: scape 6-12 in. high, bearing a raceme or panicle of yellow or whitish or pinkish fls., the corolla-throat not appendaged. B.M. 3883 (as S. ciliatum); 4529 (as S. saxifragoides). J.F. 1:34. CH The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

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References

• Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

External links

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