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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
|familia=Oleaceae
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
|genus=Syringa
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
|common_name=Lilac
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
|habit=shrub
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|lifespan=perennial
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
|features=deciduous
|Temp Metric=°F
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
|image=Stockholm-lilac.jpg
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
|image_width=240
|image_caption=Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
}}
}}
'''''Syringa''''' ('''Lilac''') is a genus of about 20–25 species of [[flowering plant|flowering]] [[woody plant]]s in the olive family ([[Oleaceae]]), native to woodland and scrub from southeastern [[Europe]] to eastern [[Asia]].<ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Syringa&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Syringa'']</ref><ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132143 ''Syringa'']</ref><ref name=fop>Flora of Pakistan: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=132143 ''Syringa'']</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11814 ''Syringa'']</ref>
[[Image:Syringa-josikaea-flowering.JPG|left|thumb|''Syringa josikaea'']]
They are [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s, ranging in size from 2–10 m tall, with stems up to 20–30 cm diameter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite (occasionally in whorls of three) in [[Phyllotaxis|arrangement]], and their [[Leaf shape|shape]] is simple and heart-shaped to broad lanceolate in most species, but [[pinnate]] in a few species (e.g. ''S. protolaciniata, S. pinnatifolia''). The [[flower]]s are produced in spring, each flower being 5–10 mm in diameter with a four-lobed [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], the corolla tube narrow, 5–20 mm long; they are [[plant sexuality|bisexual]], with fertile [[stamen]]s and [[Gynoecium|stigma]] in each flower. The usual flower colour is a shade of purple (often a light purple or [[lilac (color)|lilac]]), but white, pale yellow and pink, and even a dark burgundy color are also found. The flowers grow in large [[panicle]]s, and in several species have a strong fragrance. Flowering varies between mid spring to early summer, depending on the species. The [[fruit]] is a dry, brown [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]], splitting in two at maturity to release the two winged [[seed]]s.<ref name=foc/><ref name=fop/><ref name=grin/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
Lilacs are popular shrubs in [[park]]s and [[garden]]s throughout the temperate zone. In addition to the species listed above, several [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]s and numerous [[cultivar]]s have been developed. The term '''French lilac''' is often used to refer to modern [[double-flowered]] cultivars, thanks to the work of prolific breeder [[Victor Lemoine]].
[[Image:lilac.head.600pix.jpg|left|thumb|A white, double-flowered cultivar]]
Lilacs flower on old wood, and produce more flowers if unpruned. If pruned, the plant responds by producing fast-growing young vegetative growth with no flowers, in an attempt to restore the removed branches; a pruned lilac often produces few or no flowers for one to five or more years, before the new growth matures sufficiently to start flowering. Unpruned lilacs flower reliably every year. Despite this, a common fallacy holds that lilacs should be pruned regularly. If pruning is required, it should be done right after flowering is finished, before next year's flower buds are formed. Lilacs generally grow better in slightly [[alkaline]] soil.
Lilac bushes can be prone to powdery mildew disease, which is caused by poor air circulation.
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Syringa (of doubtful meaning; probably from syrinx, pipe, because pipes are made from the straight stems of Philadelphus by removing the pith, and the name Syringa had been originally applied to Philadelphus but was transferred to the lilac. Philadelphus is still popularly called Syringa). Oleaceae. Lilac. Ornamental woody plants grown chiefly for beautiful and showy often fragrant flowers.
Syringa (of doubtful meaning; probably from syrinx, pipe, because pipes are made from the straight stems of Philadelphus by removing the pith, and the name Syringa had been originally applied to Philadelphus but was transferred to the lilac. Philadelphus is still popularly called Syringa). Oleaceae. Lilac. Ornamental woody plants grown chiefly for beautiful and showy often fragrant flowers.
Forcing lilacs.—Most of the lilacs used by American commercial florists for forcing are imported. Care should always be taken to procure pot-grown plants, that is, plants that have been grown in pots the previous summer. The florist who wishes to grow his own plants should lift them in the field in April or before the growth starts and pot them without losing much root. Plunge them out-of-doors during summer and give them plenty of water. This treatment will insure a good growth and the check the plants receive from lifting will induce them to form new flower-buds. These plants will force with the greatest certainty. It is well to allow five weeks for the earliest forcing. A strong heat is necessary, beginning at 60° for the first few days and increasing to 75° to 80°, with a daily watering and syringing several times. After the flowers begin to open, the syringing can be discontinued and when fully expedient the plants are better removed to a coolhouse, where they will harden off and be much more serviceable when cut. As the season advances, say March and April, less heat is needed. They will then force in any ordinary house where the night temperature is about 60°F. The Persian lilac, on account of its abundance of bloom and delicate truss, is very desirable, but this must be forced almost in the dark to produce white flowers. Marie Legraye is for all purposes the most useful lilac which has been used for forcing.
Forcing lilacs.—Most of the lilacs used by American commercial florists for forcing are imported. Care should always be taken to procure pot-grown plants, that is, plants that have been grown in pots the previous summer. The florist who wishes to grow his own plants should lift them in the field in April or before the growth starts and pot them without losing much root. Plunge them out-of-doors during summer and give them plenty of water. This treatment will insure a good growth and the check the plants receive from lifting will induce them to form new flower-buds. These plants will force with the greatest certainty. It is well to allow five weeks for the earliest forcing. A strong heat is necessary, beginning at 60° for the first few days and increasing to 75° to 80°, with a daily watering and syringing several times. After the flowers begin to open, the syringing can be discontinued and when fully expedient the plants are better removed to a coolhouse, where they will harden off and be much more serviceable when cut. As the season advances, say March and April, less heat is needed. They will then force in any ordinary house where the night temperature is about 60°F. The Persian lilac, on account of its abundance of bloom and delicate truss, is very desirable, but this must be forced almost in the dark to produce white flowers. Marie Legraye is for all purposes the most useful lilac which has been used for forcing.
S. albo-rosea, N. E. Br., .S. tomentella.—S. Koehneana, Schneid. (S. velutina, Hort., not Komarov). Allied to S. pubescens. Young branchlets puberulous: lvs. oval to oblong-lanceolate, pubescent on both sides, 2-3 in. long: infl. 3-4 in. long, pubescent: fls. pale lilac. China.—S. Komarovii, Schneid. Allied to S. villosa. Lvs. oblong-ovate, pubescent beneath, 4-6 in. long: infl. narrowly pyramidal, to 6 in. long, pubescent: corolla lilac; anthers partly exserted. W. China. Var. Sargentiana, Schneid. Branchlets slightly pubescent: infl. usually somewhat larger: corolla purple; anthers usually scarcely exserted. W. China.—S. Meyeri, Schneid. Allied to S. pubescens. Small shrub: lvs. elliptic-ovate, sparingly pubescent beneath: infl. rather dense: fls. lilac with very slender tube over 1/2 in. long. N. China. Blooms when scarcely a foot high.—S. pinnatifolia, Hemsl. Allied to S. persica. Lvs. pinnate, 2 - 3 1/8 in. long with 9-11 sessile and decurrent lfts.: infl. slender, about 2 in. long; fls. whitish pink, the tube 1/2 in. long. W. China. G.C. III. 55:269. —S. Rehderiana, Schneid. Allied to S. villosa. Branchlets tomentose: lvs. elliptic, pubescent on both sides, 3-4 in. long: infl. broadly pyramidal, to 7 in. long, villous: fls. white. W. China.—S. Sargentiana, Schneid.-S. Komarovii var. Sargentiana.—S. sempervirens, Franch. Shrub, to 4 ft., glabrous: lvs. persistent, coriaceous, broadly oval, obtuse or acutish, 1 – 1 3/4 in. long: fls. white, 1/4 in. long, in dense panicles 2-3 in. long: fr. fleshy, dehiscent. S. W. China. It looks more like a privet than like a lilac; not hardy N. —S. Sweginzowii, Koehne & Lingelsh. Allied to S. villosa. Lvs. ovate, usually rounded at the base, pubescent beneath only near the veins, 2-4 in. long: infl. to 10 in. long, with purple rachis: fls. yellowish white suffused with pink, fragrant, the tube about 1/3 in. long. E.Asia. G.C. III. 57:345. M.D. 1910, p. 112.—S. tomentella, Bur. & Franch. (S. albo-rosea, N. E. Br.). Allied to S. villosa. Branchlets glabrous or short-pubescent: lvs. elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, more or less pubescent beneath, 1 - 3 1/2 in. long: infl. dense, to 7 in. long, puberulous; fls. lilac-pink; tube over 1/3 in. long. W. China. M.D. 1910, p. 112.— S. velutina, Hort., not Komarov-S. Koehneana. The true S. velutina, Komarov, is apparently not in cult.; it differs chiefly in its larger lvs. and the glandular petioles and infl. — S. Wilsonii, Schneid. Allied to S. villosa. Lvs. elliptic-ovate, to elliptic-lanceolate, pubescent beneath near the veins, 2 1/2-5 in. long: infl. broad, to 6 in. long, glabrous or nearly so; fls. white or lilac, tube about 1/3 in. long. W. China — S. Wolfii, Schneid. Allied to S. villosa. Lvs. elliptic-oblong, nearly glabrous: infl. to 12 in. long: fls. lilac, fragrant, 3/4 in. long. N. China. Remarkable for its very large panicles. —S. yunnanensis, Franch. Allied to S. villosa. Shrub: lvs. elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, glaucescent beneath, glabrous, 1 1/2 – 3 1/2 in. long: infl. slender, 3-6 in. long, puberulous: fls. pinkish, with upright-spreading lobes. S. W. China.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
==Species==
==Species==
[[Image:Syringa microphylla C.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''Syringa microphylla'']]
[[Image:Royal Botanical Gardens Lilac Celebration.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Lilacs as showcased in the Lilac Celebration held each May at the [[Royal Botanical Gardens, Ontario]]]]
{|
|- alinee-
|
*''[[Syringa afghanica]]''
*''[[Syringa emodi]]'' - Himalayan Lilac
*''[[Syringa josikaea]]''
*''[[Syringa komarowii]]'' (syn. ''S. reflexa'')
*''[[Syringa komarowii subsp. reflexa]]''
*''[[Syringa laciniata]]''
*''[[Syringa mairei]]''
*''[[Syringa microphylla]]''
*''[[Syringa meyeri]]''
*''[[Syringa oblata]]''
*''[[Syringa pinetorum]]''
*''[[Syringa pinnatifolia]]''
*''[[Syringa potaninii]]''
*''[[Syringa protolaciniata]]''
*''[[Syringa pubescens]]''
*''Syringa pubescens'' subsp. ''[[Syringa pubescens subsp. julianae|julianae]]'' (syn. ''S. julianae'')
*''Syringa pubescens'' subsp. ''microphylla'' (syn. ''S. microphylla'')
*''Syringa pubescens'' subsp. ''patula'' (syn. ''S. patula'')
*''[[Syringa reticulata]]'' (syn. ''S. pekinensis'') - Japanese Tree Lilac
*''[[Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis]]''
*''[[Syringa spontanea]]''
*''[[Syringa sweginzowii]]''
*''[[Syringa tibetica]]''
*''[[Syringa tomentella]]''
*''[[Syringa villosa]]''
*''[[Syringa vulgaris]]'' - Common Lilac
*''[[Syringa wardii]]''
*''[[Syringa wolfii]]''
*''[[Syringa yunnanensis]]'' - Yunnan Lilac
|
;Hybrids
*''[[Syringa × chinensis]]
*''[[Syringa × diversifolia]]'' (''S. oblata'' × ''S. pinnatifolia'')
*''[[Syringa × henryi]]'' (''S. josikaea'' × ''S. villosa'')
*''[[Syringa × hyacinthiflora]]'' (''S. oblata'' × ''S. vulgaris'')
*''[[Syringa × josiflexa]]'' (''S. josikaea'' × ''S. komarowii'')
*''[[Syringa × lacinoata]]'' (''S. protolaciniata'' × ''S. vulgaris'')
*''[[Syringa × persica]]'' (''S. protolaciniata'' × unknown)
*''[[Syringa × prestoniae]]'' (''S. komarowii'' × ''S. villosa'')
*''[[Syringa × swegiflexa]]'' (''S. komarowii'' × ''S. sweginzowii'')
|}
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
<gallery>
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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