Difference between revisions of "Vachellia farnesiana"

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{{Plantbox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = IndianRed
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|familia=Fabaceae
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| sunset_zones = 13-26
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|genus=Vachellia
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| name = Needle Bush
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|species=farnesiana
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| image = Acaciafarnesiana1web.jpg‎
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|taxo_author=(L.) Willd.
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|common_name=Needle Bush, Perfume Acacia (and many others)
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|habit=shrub
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|habit_ref=American Hort Society
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|Max ht box=22
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|Max ht metric=ft
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|height_ref=American Hort Society
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|Min wd box=15
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|Min wd metric=ft
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|Max wd box=25
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|Max wd metric=ft
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|width_ref=American Hort Society
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|origin=Tropical America
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|origin_ref=American Hort Society
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|exposure=sun
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|features=evergreen, deciduous, flowers, fragrance, bees
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|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring, early winter, mid winter, late winter
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|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|flowers=orange, yellow
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=11
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|max_zone=12
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|sunset_zones=13-26
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|image=Acacia-minuta-habit.jpg
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|image_width=180
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Vachellia farnesiana''''', previously known as '''''Acacia farnesiana''''', commonly known as '''Needle Bush''', is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches. The native range of ''V. farnesiana'' is uncertain. While the point of origin is [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] the species has a pantropical distribution incorporating Northern [[Australia]] and Southern [[Asia]]. It remains unclear whether the extra-American distribution is primarily natural or anthropogenic.<ref>Clarke, H.D., Seigler, D.S., Ebinger, J.E. 1989; 'Acacia farnesiana (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) and Related Species from Mexico, the Southwestern U.S., and the Caribbean'
 +
Systematic Botany 14 549-564</ref> It is [[deciduous]] over part of its range,<ref>[http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1359/az13592b.pdf PDF] Ursula K. Schuch and Margaret Norem, Growth of Legume Tree Species Growing in the Southwestern United States, University of Arizona.</ref> but [[evergreen]] in most locales.<ref>[http://pick5.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Acacia+farnesiana&guide=North_American_Invasives Discover Life - Fabaceae: Acacia farnesiana (L. ) Willd. - Cassie Flower, Vachellia farnesiana, Poponax farnesiana, Mimosa farnesiana, Ellington Curse, Klu, Sweet Acacia, Mimosa Bush, Huisache<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The species grows to a height of up to {{convert|8|m|ft}}<ref name="purdue">[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_farnesiana.html Purdue University]</ref> and has a life span of about 25–50 years.<ref name="www">[http://www.worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/utilisation/acaciasearch/pdf/salicina.pdf Acacia Search]</ref>
  
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'''''Acacia farnesiana''''', commonly known as '''Needle Bush''', is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches. The native range of ''A. farnesiana'' is uncertain. While the point of origin is [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] the species has a pantropical distribution incorporating Northern [[Australia]] and Southern [[Asia]]. It remains unclear whether the extra-American distribution is primarily natural or anthropogenic.<ref>Clarke, H.D., Seigler, D.S., Ebinger, J.E. 1989; 'Acacia farnesiana (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) and Related Species from Mexico, the Southwestern U.S., and the Caribbean'
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The plant has been recently{{When|Date=November 2009}} spread to many new locations as a result of human activity and it is considered a serious [[weed]] in [[Fiji]], where locals call it '''Ellington's Curse'''. It thrives in dry, [[Soil salinity|saline]] or sodic soils. It is also a serious pest plant in parts of Australia, including north-west New South Wales, where it now infests thousands of acres of grazing country.<ref>
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Systematic Botany 14 549-564</ref> It is deciduous over part of its range,<ref>[http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1359/az13592b.pdf PDF] Ursula K. Schuch and Margaret Norem, Growth of Legume Tree Species
 
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Growing in the Southwestern United States, University of Arizona.</ref> but evergreen in most locales.<ref>[http://pick5.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Acacia+farnesiana&guide=North_American_Invasives Discover Life - Fabaceae: Acacia farnesiana (L. ) Willd. - Cassie Flower, Vachellia farnesiana, Poponax farnesiana, Mimosa farnesiana, Ellington Curse, Klu, Sweet Acacia, Mimosa Bush, Huisache<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The species grows to a height of up to 8m tall<ref name="purdue">[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_farnesiana.html Purdue University]</ref> and has a life span of about 25-50 years.<ref name="www">[http://www.worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/utilisation/acaciasearch/pdf/salicina.pdf Acacia Search]</ref>
 
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[[Image:Acacia-minuta-habit.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd.]]
 
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The plant has been recently spread to many new locations as a result of human activity and it is considered a serious [[weed]] in [[Fiji]], where locals call it '''Ellington's Curse'''. It thrives in dry, saline or sodic soils. It is also a serious pest plant in parts of Australia, including north-west New South Wales, where it now infests thousands of acres of grazing country.<ref>
 
 
{{cite web
 
{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.northwestweeds.nsw.gov.au/mimosa_bush.htm
 
|url=http://www.northwestweeds.nsw.gov.au/mimosa_bush.htm
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</ref>
 
</ref>
  
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==Cultivation==
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The taxon name "''farnesiana''" is specially named after [[Odoardo Cardinal Farnese]] (1573–1626) of the notable Italian [[Farnese]] family which, after 1550, under the patronage of cardinal [[Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)|Alessandro Farnese]], maintained some of the first private European botanical gardens in Rome, in the 16th and 17th centuries. Under stewardship of these [[Farnese Gardens]] this acacia was imported to Italy. The addition of the -ol in the compound ending is a result of it being chemically an alcohol.<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/farnesol Etymology of farnesol, accessed August 27, 2009.</ref> The plant itself was brought to the Farnese Gardens from the Caribbean and Central America, where it originates.<ref name="swsbm.com">[http://www.swsbm.com/AJP/AJP_1885_No_3.pdf HENRY TRIMBLE AND F. D. MACFARLAND., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, Volume 57, #3, March, 1885]</ref><ref>http://www.gardenvisit.com/garden/farnese_gardens. Location of the Farnese family gardens, now known only as a remnant.</ref> Analysis of essences of the floral extract from this plant, long used in perfumery, resulted in the name for the [[sesquiterpene]] biosynthetic chemical [[farnesol]], found as a basic sterol precursor in plants, and cholesterol precursor in animals.<ref name="swsbm.com"/>.
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==Propagation==
 
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==Pests and diseases==
 
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==Uses==
 
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==History==
 
  
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==Taxonomy==
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{{Inc|
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{{Taxbox
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Vachellia farnesiana. (many synonyms). Much-branching shrub, 6-10ft.: stipules straight, slender, sometimes minute spines; pinnae 5-8 pairs; lfts. mostly 10-25 pairs, 1-2 lines long, narrow, linear, glabrous: peduncles 2 or 3 in the older axils; fl.-heads large, globular, deep yellow, very fragrant, pods almost terete, indehiscent, at length turgid and pulpy. Feb., March. Texas, Mex., Asia, Afr. and Austral. Grown in France for perfumery.—Its origin is probably American, but it is now naturalized in nearly every tropical country. It was intro. into the Hawaiian Isls. as an ornamental, but escaped from cult, and has now almost become a pest. A new variety of Vachellia farnesiana has been discovered which is more hardy than the type and grows more rapidly. It produces two crops of fls. a year, which makes it very lucrative for the making of perfumery. The pods are said to contain a tannin.{{SCH}}
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| color = IndianRed
 
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| name = Needle Bush
 
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
 
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Fabales]]
 
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| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
 
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| genus = ''[[Acacia]]''
 
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| species = '''''A. farnesiana'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Acacia farnesiana''
 
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| binomial_authority = ([[L.]]) [[Willd.]]
 
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| status = G5
 
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| status_system = TNC
 
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| range_map = Acacia-farnesiana-range-map.png
 
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| synonyms =
 
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*"''Acacia acicularis'' Willd.
 
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*''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd. var. ''lenticellata'' (F.Muell.)Bailey
 
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*''Acacia indica'' (Poir.) Desv.
 
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*''Acacia lenticellata'' F. Muell.
 
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*'''''Acacia minuta''''' (M.E. Jones) R.M. Beauch.
 
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*''Acacia minuta'' (M.E. Jones) R.M. Beauch. subsp. ''minuta'' (M.E.Jones)R.M.Beauch.
 
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*''Farnesia odora'' Gasp.
 
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*''Farnesiana odora'' Gasp.
 
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*''Mimosa acicularis'' Poir.
 
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*''Mimosa farnesiana'' L.
 
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*''Mimosa indica'' Poir.
 
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*''Mimosa suaveolens'' Salisb.
 
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*''Pithecellobium acuminatum'' M.E. Jones
 
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*''Pithecellobium minutum'' M.E. Jones
 
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*''Popanax farnesiana'' (L.) Raf.
 
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*''Poponax farnesiana'' (L.) Raf.
 
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*''Vachellia farnesiana'' Wight & Arn."<ref>[http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?sciname=Acacia+farnesiana ILDIS]</ref>
 
 
}}
 
}}
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The taxon name "''farnesiana''" comes from the Farnese Gardens in [[Rome]].  It was brought there from the Caribbean and Central America.<ref>[http://www.swsbm.com/AJP/AJP_1885_No_3.pdf HENRY TRIMBLE AND F. D. MACFARLAND., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, Volume 57, #3, March, 1885]</ref>
 
  
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== A little of the Uses ==
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==Cultivation==
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[[Image:Acacia-minuta-bark.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Bark and Thorns of ''Acacia farnesiana'']]
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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=== Bark ===
 
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The bark is used for its tannin content.<ref name="purdue">.</ref>
 
  
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=== Food ===
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===Propagation===
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"Roasted pods used in sweet and sour dishes."<ref>[http://www.one-garden.org/DeepDiversity.pdf www.one-garden.org]</ref>
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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=== Flowers ===
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===Pests and diseases===
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The flowers are processed through [[distillation]] to produce a [[perfume]] called '''Cassie'''.  It is widely used in the perfume industry in [[Europe]].  Scented [[ointment]]s from Cassie are made in [[India]].<ref name="purdue">.</ref>
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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[[Image:Acfa 002 lhp.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. - sweet acacia seeds]]
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==Varieties==
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+
*[[Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana|''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd. var. ''farnesiana'']]  
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=== Foliage ===
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*''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd. var. ''guanacastensis'' H.D.Clarke et al.
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The foliage is a significant source of [[Fodder|forage]] in much of its range, with a [[protein]] content of around 18%.  
 
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=== Seed pods ===
 
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The concentration of [[tannin]] in the seed pods is about 23%. 
 
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=== Seeds ===
 
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The seeds of ''A. farnesiana'' are completely non-toxic to humans<ref>[http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/monitoringandsurveillance/nuttab2006/onlineversion.cfm?&action=getFood&foodID=15A10010 Food Standards Australia]</ref> and are a valuable food source for people throughout the plant's range. The mature seeds are put through a press to make oil for cooking.<ref name="uk">[http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/idcplg?IdcService=GET_FILE&dDocName=con009277&RevisionSelectionMethod=Latest  www.mhra.gov.uk]</ref>  Nonetheless
 
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an anecdotal report has been made that in [[Brazil]] some people use the seeds of ''A. farnesiana'' to eliminate [[rabies|rabid]] [[dogs]].<ref name="purdue">.</ref> This is attributed to an unnamed toxic [[alkaloid]].
 
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=== Forage ===
 
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The tree makes good forage for bees.<ref name="brush">[http://www.bottlebrushpress.com/acacia.html Bottlebrush Press]</ref>
 
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=== Dyes and Inks ===
 
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A black pigment is extracted from the bark and fruit.<ref name="brush">.</ref>
 
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=== Perfume ===
 
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''Acaci farnesiana'' flowers are distilled in the south of [[France]] to make an [[essential oil]] called '''Cassie''' which is used as a basis for [[aromatherapy]] and [[perfume]].<ref>[http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/aroma.pdf ACACIA FARNESIANA (Linn) Willd.]</ref>
 
  
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=== Traditional medicine ===
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Common names include{{wp}}: '''Farnese Wattle''', '''Dead Finish''', '''Mimosa Wattle''', '''Mimosa bush''', '''Prickly Mimosa Bush''', '''Prickly Moses''', '''Needle Bush''', '''North-west Curara''', '''Sheep's Briar''', '''Sponge Wattle''', '''Sweet Acacia''', '''Thorny Acacia''', '''Thorny Feather Wattle''', '''Wild Briar''', '''Huisache''', '''Cassie''', '''Cascalotte''', '''Cassic''', '''Mealy Wattle''', '''Popinac''', '''Sweet Briar''', '''Texas Huisache''', '''Aroma''', ([[Bahamas]]) '''Cashia''', (Bahamas, [[USA]]) '''Opoponax''', '''Cashaw''', ([[Belize]]) '''Cuntich''', ([[Jamaica]]) '''Cassie-flower''', '''Cassie''', '''Iron Wood''', '''Cassie Flower''', '''Honey-ball''', '''Casha Tree''', '''Casha''', ([[Virgin Islands]]) '''Cassia''', ([[Fiji]]) '''Ellington's Curse''', ''Acacia farnesiana'', ''Acacia leptophylla'', ''Acacia acicularis'', ''Acacia farnesiana'' var. ''lenticellata'', ''Acacia indica'', ''Acacia lenticellata'', ''Acacia minuta'', ''Acacia minuta'' subsp. ''minuta'', ''Farnesia odora'', ''Farnesiana odora'', ''Mimosa acicularis'', ''Mimosa farnesiana'', ''Mimosa indica'', ''Mimosa suaveolens'', ''Pithecellobium acuminatum'', ''Pithecellobium minutum'', ''Popanax farnesiana'', ''Poponax farnesiana''
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The bark and the flowers are the parts of the tree most used in traditional medicine.<ref name="uk">.</ref>
 
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''A. farnesiana'' has been used in [[Colombia]] to treat [[malaria]], and recently it has been been confirmed in the laboratory that extract from the tree bark<ref name="dict">{{cite book
 
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  | last = Khare
 
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  | first = C. P.
 
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  | authorlink =
 
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  | title = Indian Herbal Remediess: rational Western therapy, ayurvedic, and other traditional usage, botany
 
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  | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=463ERB3VeUoC&pg=PA11&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=2wKekQoI5HUGeAioywMjns4oiaE
 
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  | year = 2004
 
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  | doi =
 
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  | pages = 11
 
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  | isbn = 3540010262 }}</ref> and leaves<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8D-4JR419J-6&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3a9d6233c2f377f9b87071d183b38c4a G. Garavitoa, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, J. Rincóna, L. Arteagaa, Y. Hataa, G. Bourdyb, A. Gimenezc, R. Pinzóna and E. Deharo, Ethnopharmacological communication Antimalarial activity of some Colombian medicinal plants Journal of Ethnopharmacology Volume 107, Issue 3, 11 October 2006, Pages 460-462]</ref> is effective against the malarial [[pathogen]] ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]''.<ref name="science">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T8D-4JR419J-6&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F11%2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3a9d6233c2f377f9b87071d183b38c4a Abstract] of G. Garavitoa, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, J. Rincóna, L. Arteagaa, Y. Hataa, G. Bourdyb, A. Gimenezc, R. Pinzóna and E. Deharo, Ethnopharmacological communication, Antimalarial activity of some Colombian medicinal plants Journal of Ethnopharmacology
 
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Volume 107, Issue 3, 11 October 2006, Pages 460-462.</ref>  [[Indiginous Australians]] have used the roots and bark of the tree to treat [[diarrhea]] and diseases of the [[skin]].<ref name="brush">.</ref>  The tree's leaves can also be rubbed on the skin to treat skin diseases.<ref>[http://www.stuartxchange.org/HerbsAnimalsSkin.html Philippine Herbs Used in Small Animal Practice]</ref>
 
  
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== Common names ==
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==Gallery==
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'''Farnese Wattle''', '''Dead Finish''', '''Mimosa Wattle''', '''Mimosa bush''', '''Prickly Mimosa Bush''', '''Prickly Moses''', '''Needle Bush''', '''North-west Curara''', '''Sheep's Briar''', '''Sponge Wattle''', '''Sweet Acacia''', '''Thorny Acacia''', '''Thorny Feather Wattle''', '''Wild Briar''', '''Huisache''', '''Cassie''', '''Cascalotte''', '''Cassic''', '''Mealy Wattle''', '''Popinac''', '''Sweet Briar''', '''Texas Huisache''', '''Aroma''', ([[Bahamas]]) '''Cashia''', (Bahamas, [[USA]]) '''Opoponax''', '''Cashaw''', ([[Belize]]) '''Cuntich''', ([[Jamaica]]) '''Cassie-flower''', '''Cassie''', '''Iron Wood''', '''Cassie Flower''', '''Honey-ball''', '''Casha Tree''', '''Casha''', ([[Virgin Islands]]) '''Cassia''', ([[Fiji]]) '''Ellington's Curse'''.
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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== Botanical varieties ==
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<gallery>
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*[[Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana|''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd. var. ''farnesiana'']]
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Image:Acacia-minuta-bark.jpg|Bark and Thorns of ''Vachellia farnesiana''
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*''Acacia farnesiana'' (L.) Willd. var. ''guanacastensis'' H.D.Clarke et al.
+
Image:Acfa 002 lhp.jpg|Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Willd. - sweet acacia seeds
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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==Distribution and habitat==
+
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 +
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
=== Notes ===
+
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
−
{{reflist|2}}
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
−
 
+
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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===General references===
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
−
*[[List of Acacia species]]
 
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
−
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/ Dr. Duke's Database]
+
*{{wplink}}
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{{wikispecies|Acacia farnesiana}}
 
  
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[[Category:Acacia|Farnesiana, Acacia]]
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{{stub}}
 +
__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 01:51, 6 July 2010


Acacia-minuta-habit.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   shrub

Height: ⇕ 22 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 22.
Width: ⇔ 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15. to 25 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 25.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ Tropical America
Bloom: ❀ early spring, mid spring, late spring, early winter, mid winter, late winter
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ evergreen, deciduous, flowers, fragrance, bees
USDA Zones: 11 to 12
Sunset Zones: 13-26
Flower features: ❀ orange, yellow
Scientific Names

Fabaceae >

Vachellia >

farnesiana >

(L.) Willd. >


Vachellia farnesiana, previously known as Acacia farnesiana, commonly known as Needle Bush, is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches. The native range of V. farnesiana is uncertain. While the point of origin is Mexico and Central America the species has a pantropical distribution incorporating Northern Australia and Southern Asia. It remains unclear whether the extra-American distribution is primarily natural or anthropogenic.[1] It is deciduous over part of its range,[2] but evergreen in most locales.[3] The species grows to a height of up to 8 m ft [4] and has a life span of about 25–50 years.[5]

The plant has been recentlyTemplate:When spread to many new locations as a result of human activity and it is considered a serious weed in Fiji, where locals call it Ellington's Curse. It thrives in dry, saline or sodic soils. It is also a serious pest plant in parts of Australia, including north-west New South Wales, where it now infests thousands of acres of grazing country.[6]

The taxon name "farnesiana" is specially named after Odoardo Cardinal Farnese (1573–1626) of the notable Italian Farnese family which, after 1550, under the patronage of cardinal Alessandro Farnese, maintained some of the first private European botanical gardens in Rome, in the 16th and 17th centuries. Under stewardship of these Farnese Gardens this acacia was imported to Italy. The addition of the -ol in the compound ending is a result of it being chemically an alcohol.[7] The plant itself was brought to the Farnese Gardens from the Caribbean and Central America, where it originates.[8][9] Analysis of essences of the floral extract from this plant, long used in perfumery, resulted in the name for the sesquiterpene biosynthetic chemical farnesol, found as a basic sterol precursor in plants, and cholesterol precursor in animals.[8].


Read about Vachellia farnesiana in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Vachellia farnesiana. (many synonyms). Much-branching shrub, 6-10ft.: stipules straight, slender, sometimes minute spines; pinnae 5-8 pairs; lfts. mostly 10-25 pairs, 1-2 lines long, narrow, linear, glabrous: peduncles 2 or 3 in the older axils; fl.-heads large, globular, deep yellow, very fragrant, pods almost terete, indehiscent, at length turgid and pulpy. Feb., March. Texas, Mex., Asia, Afr. and Austral. Grown in France for perfumery.—Its origin is probably American, but it is now naturalized in nearly every tropical country. It was intro. into the Hawaiian Isls. as an ornamental, but escaped from cult, and has now almost become a pest. A new variety of Vachellia farnesiana has been discovered which is more hardy than the type and grows more rapidly. It produces two crops of fls. a year, which makes it very lucrative for the making of perfumery. The pods are said to contain a tannin.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Varieties

Common names includewp: Farnese Wattle, Dead Finish, Mimosa Wattle, Mimosa bush, Prickly Mimosa Bush, Prickly Moses, Needle Bush, North-west Curara, Sheep's Briar, Sponge Wattle, Sweet Acacia, Thorny Acacia, Thorny Feather Wattle, Wild Briar, Huisache, Cassie, Cascalotte, Cassic, Mealy Wattle, Popinac, Sweet Briar, Texas Huisache, Aroma, (Bahamas) Cashia, (Bahamas, USA) Opoponax, Cashaw, (Belize) Cuntich, (Jamaica) Cassie-flower, Cassie, Iron Wood, Cassie Flower, Honey-ball, Casha Tree, Casha, (Virgin Islands) Cassia, (Fiji) Ellington's Curse, Acacia farnesiana, Acacia leptophylla, Acacia acicularis, Acacia farnesiana var. lenticellata, Acacia indica, Acacia lenticellata, Acacia minuta, Acacia minuta subsp. minuta, Farnesia odora, Farnesiana odora, Mimosa acicularis, Mimosa farnesiana, Mimosa indica, Mimosa suaveolens, Pithecellobium acuminatum, Pithecellobium minutum, Popanax farnesiana, Poponax farnesiana

Gallery

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  • Bark and Thorns of Vachellia farnesiana

  • Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Willd. - sweet acacia seeds

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Clarke, H.D., Seigler, D.S., Ebinger, J.E. 1989; 'Acacia farnesiana (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) and Related Species from Mexico, the Southwestern U.S., and the Caribbean' Systematic Botany 14 549-564
  2. ↑ PDF Ursula K. Schuch and Margaret Norem, Growth of Legume Tree Species Growing in the Southwestern United States, University of Arizona.
  3. ↑ Discover Life - Fabaceae: Acacia farnesiana (L. ) Willd. - Cassie Flower, Vachellia farnesiana, Poponax farnesiana, Mimosa farnesiana, Ellington Curse, Klu, Sweet Acacia, Mimosa Bush, Huisache
  4. ↑ Purdue University
  5. ↑ Acacia Search
  6. ↑ "Mimosa bush - briar bush". www.northwestweeds.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved on 2008-04-09.
  7. ↑ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/farnesol Etymology of farnesol, accessed August 27, 2009.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 HENRY TRIMBLE AND F. D. MACFARLAND., AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, Volume 57, #3, March, 1885
  9. ↑ http://www.gardenvisit.com/garden/farnese_gardens. Location of the Farnese family gardens, now known only as a remnant.
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