Difference between revisions of "Juglans californica"
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
|genus=Juglans | |genus=Juglans | ||
|species=californica | |species=californica | ||
| + | |taxo_author=S. Wats. | ||
|habit=tree | |habit=tree | ||
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381 | |habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381 | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381 | |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381 | ||
|max_zone=10 | |max_zone=10 | ||
| − | |image= | + | |image=California Blackwalnut.jpg |
|image_width=240 | |image_width=240 | ||
| + | |image_caption=California Black Walnut | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | + | '''''Juglans californica''''', the '''California Black Walnut''', also called the '''California Walnut''', or the '''Southern California Black Walnut''', is a large shrub or small tree (up to 30 feet tall) [[endemism|endemic]] to [[California]]. Some authorities (e.g. the [[California Native Plant Society]]) combines this species with ''J. hindsii''. On the other hand, a 2007 molecular analysis of the genus<ref>Aradhya, M. K, D. Potter, F. Gao, & C. J. Simon: "Molecular phylogeny of ''Juglans'' (Juglandaceae): a biogeographic perspective: ''Tree Genetics & Genomes'' (2007)3:363-378 </ref> suggests that J. californica is sister to the remaining black walnuts (Rhysocaryon).This article uses the ''The Jepson Manual'' convention of species, <ref>http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?76333</ref><ref>http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?Juglans+hindsii&expand=1</ref>. | |
| + | |||
| + | Juglans californica, generally found in the southern half of the state, can be either a large shrub with 1-5 trunks, or a small single-trunked tree. The main trunk can fork close to the ground making it look like two trees that have grown together, then diverged. It has thick bark, deeply channeled or furrowed at maturity. It has large, [[pinnate]]ly compound leaves with 11-19 [[lanceolate]] leaflets with toothed margins and no hair in the vein angles<ref>Kershner, Mathews, Nelson, and Spellenberg, ''National Wildlife Federation field Guide to Trees of North America'', 2008, Chanticleer Press, Inc. p. 229</ref>. It has a small hard nut in a shallowly grooved thick shell that is difficult to remove. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The [[Chumash (tribe)|Chumash Indians]] of the [[Channel Islands of California]] and [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] eat the nuts, however, they are not grown commercially for this purpose. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''J. californica'' is threatened by development and overgrazing. Some native stands remain in urban [[Los Angeles]] in the [[Santa Monica Mountains]] and [[Hollywood Hills]]. ''J. californica'' grows in [[riparian]] woodlands, either in single species stands or mixed with California's oaks (''[[Quercus]]'') and cottonwoods (''[[Poplar|Populus]]''). | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''J. californica'' grows as part of mixed woodlands in California's Coast Ranges, [[Transverse Ranges]], and [[Peninsular Ranges]], and also on slopes and in valleys wherever conditions are favorable throughout California west of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] and the deserts and south of the [[Klamath Mountains]]. ''J. californica'' is cultivated as an ornamental tree wherever it will grow in California, and in Hawaii. | ||
| + | |||
{{Inc| | {{Inc| | ||
| − | Juglans californica, walt. shrub or tree, 12-20, rarely 40-50 ft. high: branchlets puberulous: petioles glandular-pubescent; lfts. 11-15, rarely to 19, oblong-lanceolate, usually acute, or acuminate, cuneate or rounded at the base, glabrous, 1-2 1-2½in. long: stamens 30-40: fr. globose, 1/3 -3/4 in. across, puberulous, husk thin: nut nearly globose with deep longitudinal grooves. S. Calif | + | Juglans californica, walt. shrub or tree, 12-20, rarely 40-50 ft. high: branchlets puberulous: petioles glandular-pubescent; lfts. 11-15, rarely to 19, oblong-lanceolate, usually acute, or acuminate, cuneate or rounded at the base, glabrous, 1-2 1-2½in. long: stamens 30-40: fr. globose, 1/3 -3/4 in. across, puberulous, husk thin: nut nearly globose with deep longitudinal grooves. S. Calif. |
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 14:07, 21 July 2010
| Habit | tree
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 30 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 30. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 30 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 30. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Exposure: | ☼ | sun |
|---|---|---|
| Features: | ✓ | edible |
| USDA Zones: | 7 to 10 |
|
Juglans > |
S. Wats. > |
Juglans californica, the California Black Walnut, also called the California Walnut, or the Southern California Black Walnut, is a large shrub or small tree (up to 30 feet tall) endemic to California. Some authorities (e.g. the California Native Plant Society) combines this species with J. hindsii. On the other hand, a 2007 molecular analysis of the genus[1] suggests that J. californica is sister to the remaining black walnuts (Rhysocaryon).This article uses the The Jepson Manual convention of species, [2][3].
Juglans californica, generally found in the southern half of the state, can be either a large shrub with 1-5 trunks, or a small single-trunked tree. The main trunk can fork close to the ground making it look like two trees that have grown together, then diverged. It has thick bark, deeply channeled or furrowed at maturity. It has large, pinnately compound leaves with 11-19 lanceolate leaflets with toothed margins and no hair in the vein angles[4]. It has a small hard nut in a shallowly grooved thick shell that is difficult to remove.
The Chumash Indians of the Channel Islands of California and Ventura County eat the nuts, however, they are not grown commercially for this purpose.
J. californica is threatened by development and overgrazing. Some native stands remain in urban Los Angeles in the Santa Monica Mountains and Hollywood Hills. J. californica grows in riparian woodlands, either in single species stands or mixed with California's oaks (Quercus) and cottonwoods (Populus).
J. californica grows as part of mixed woodlands in California's Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and Peninsular Ranges, and also on slopes and in valleys wherever conditions are favorable throughout California west of the Sierra Nevada and the deserts and south of the Klamath Mountains. J. californica is cultivated as an ornamental tree wherever it will grow in California, and in Hawaii.
Read about Juglans californica in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
|
|---|
|
Juglans californica, walt. shrub or tree, 12-20, rarely 40-50 ft. high: branchlets puberulous: petioles glandular-pubescent; lfts. 11-15, rarely to 19, oblong-lanceolate, usually acute, or acuminate, cuneate or rounded at the base, glabrous, 1-2 1-2½in. long: stamens 30-40: fr. globose, 1/3 -3/4 in. across, puberulous, husk thin: nut nearly globose with deep longitudinal grooves. S. Calif.
|
Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
Gallery
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- ↑ Aradhya, M. K, D. Potter, F. Gao, & C. J. Simon: "Molecular phylogeny of Juglans (Juglandaceae): a biogeographic perspective: Tree Genetics & Genomes (2007)3:363-378
- ↑ http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?76333
- ↑ http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?Juglans+hindsii&expand=1
- ↑ Kershner, Mathews, Nelson, and Spellenberg, National Wildlife Federation field Guide to Trees of North America, 2008, Chanticleer Press, Inc. p. 229
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Juglans californica. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Juglans californica QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
