Difference between revisions of "White Ash"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Oleaceae
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| name = White Ash
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|genus=Fraxinus
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| image = Fraxinus americana.jpg
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|species=americana
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| image_width = 240px
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|common_name=White ash, American Ash
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|name_ref=Wikipedia
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|habit=tree
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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|Max ht box=80
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| familia = [[Oleaceae]]
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|Max ht metric=ft
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| genus = ''[[Ash tree|Fraxinus]]''
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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| species = '''''F. americana'''''
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|Max wd box=50
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| binomial = ''Fraxinus americana''
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|exposure=sun
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=4
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|max_zone=10
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|image=Fraxinus americana.jpg
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|image_width=240
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Fraxinus americana''''' ('''White Ash''' or '''American Ash''') is a species of ''[[Fraxinus]]'' native to eastern [[North America]] found in mesophytic [[hardwood]] [[forest]]s from [[Nova Scotia]] west to [[Minnesota]], south to northern [[Florida]], and southwest to eastern [[Texas]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?316687 ''Fraxinus americana'']</ref>
  
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The '''White Ash''' or '''Cane Ash''' (''Fraxinus americana'') is one of the largest of the ash genus ''[[Fraxinus]]'', growing to 35 m (115 ft) tall. It is native to eastern [[North America]]n [[hardwood]] [[forest]]s, found in mesophytic forests from [[Quebec]] to northern [[Florida]]. The wood is white, strong, and straight-grained. The name ''White Ash'' apparently derives from the glaucous undersides of the leaves. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 20-30 cm long, pinnately compound with 7 (occasionally 5 or 9) leaflets, 6-13 cm (2-5 in) long. They turn yellow, red, or purple in the fall. [[Cultivars]], which have superior fall color, include 'Autumn Applause' and 'Autumn Purple'.
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The name White Ash derives from the [[glaucous]] undersides of the leaves. It is similar in appearance to the [[Green Ash]], making identification difficult. The lower sides of the leaves of White Ash are lighter in color than their upper sides, and the outer surface of the twigs of White Ash may be flaky or peeling. Green Ash leaves are similar in color on upper and lower sides, and twigs are smoother. Also, these species tend to occupy different habitat niches, with White Ash found in moist upland sites and Green Ash in wet forests of floodplains or swamps, although there is some overlap in habitat distribution.<ref name=ncp>Common Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: [http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/FRAM2.htm ''Fraxinus americana'']</ref><ref name=nb>New Brunswick tree and shrub: [http://scf.rncan.gc.ca/subsite/mx-212/whiteash ''Fraxinus americana'']</ref>
  
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This tree, like all ashes, is [[dioecious]], with male and female flowers being born on separate trees. Flowering occurs in early spring after 30-55 [[growing degree day]]s. The fruit when fully formed is a [[samara (fruit)|samara]] 3-5 cm long, the seed 1.5-2 cm long with a pale brown wing 1.5-3 cm long, and can be blown a good distance from the parent tree.
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It is widely grown as an [[ornamental tree]]. [[Cultivar]]s selected for superior fall color include 'Autumn Applause' and 'Autumn Purple'.  
  
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White ash trees have an average natural lifespan of 100 years.
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Other names occasionally used for the species include Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash and cane ash.
  
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It is the timber of choice for production of [[baseball]] bats and tool handles.  The wood is also favorable for furniture and flooring.
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{{Inc|
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Fraxinus americana, Linn. (F. novae-angliae, Mill. F. alba, Marsh.). White Ash. Tall tree, to 120 ft.: branchlets and petioles glabrous: lfts. generally 7, stalked, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire or denticulate, dark green above, glaucous beneath, 3-5 in. long: fr. linear- oblong, with terete body, the wing not decurrent, 1 ½ in. long. From Canada to Fla., west to Minn, and Texas. —Very variable. Var. acuminata, Wesm. (F. acuminata, Lam. F. epiptera, Michx. F. americana var. glauca, Hort.). Lfts. dark green and shining above, very glaucous and almost glabrous beneath, usually entire. Var. juglandifolia, Rehd. (F. juglandifolia, Lam.). Lfts. less shining above, usually broader, more or less pubescent beneath, serrate at least above the middle. This is the northern form, while the former is more common in the southern states. Var. iodocarpa, Fern. Frs. conspicuous by their reddish purple color. Var. albo-marginata, Hort. Lfts. edged white.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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The [[emerald ash borer]] (Agrilus planipennis or Agrilus marcopoli and EAB) is a green beetle native to Asia.  In North America the borer is an invasive species, highly destructive to ash trees in its introduced range.
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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The White Ash is  similar in appearance to the [[Green Ash]], making identification difficult. The lower sides of the leaves of White Ash are lighter-colored than their upper sides, and the outer surface of the twigs of White Ash may be flaky or peeling. Green Ash leaves are similar in color on upper and lower sides, and twigs are smoother. Also, these species tend to occupy different habitat niches, with White Ash found in moist upland sites and Green Ash in wet forests of floodplains or swamps, although there is some overlap in habitat distribution.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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==See also==
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==References==
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* [[Trees of Canada]]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/fram2.htm ''Fraxinus americana'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=FRAM2 NRCS: USDA Plants Profie: ''Fraxinus americana'']
 
  
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[[Category:Oleaceae|Ash, White]]
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__NOTOC__
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[[Category:Trees of Eastern United States|Ash, White]]
 
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[[Category:Trees of Eastern Canada|Ash, White]]
 
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[[Category:Trees of Plains-Midwest U.S.|Ash, White]]
 
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[[Category:Trees of Northern Florida|Ash, White]]
 
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
 

Latest revision as of 02:11, 5 August 2010


Fraxinus americana.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 80 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 80.
Width: ⇔ 50 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 50.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
USDA Zones: 4 to 10
Scientific Names

Oleaceae >

Fraxinus >

americana >


Fraxinus americana (White Ash or American Ash) is a species of Fraxinus native to eastern North America found in mesophytic hardwood forests from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota, south to northern Florida, and southwest to eastern Texas.[1]

The name White Ash derives from the glaucous undersides of the leaves. It is similar in appearance to the Green Ash, making identification difficult. The lower sides of the leaves of White Ash are lighter in color than their upper sides, and the outer surface of the twigs of White Ash may be flaky or peeling. Green Ash leaves are similar in color on upper and lower sides, and twigs are smoother. Also, these species tend to occupy different habitat niches, with White Ash found in moist upland sites and Green Ash in wet forests of floodplains or swamps, although there is some overlap in habitat distribution.[2][3]

It is widely grown as an ornamental tree. Cultivars selected for superior fall color include 'Autumn Applause' and 'Autumn Purple'.

Other names occasionally used for the species include Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash and cane ash.


Read about White Ash in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Fraxinus americana, Linn. (F. novae-angliae, Mill. F. alba, Marsh.). White Ash. Tall tree, to 120 ft.: branchlets and petioles glabrous: lfts. generally 7, stalked, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire or denticulate, dark green above, glaucous beneath, 3-5 in. long: fr. linear- oblong, with terete body, the wing not decurrent, 1 ½ in. long. From Canada to Fla., west to Minn, and Texas. —Very variable. Var. acuminata, Wesm. (F. acuminata, Lam. F. epiptera, Michx. F. americana var. glauca, Hort.). Lfts. dark green and shining above, very glaucous and almost glabrous beneath, usually entire. Var. juglandifolia, Rehd. (F. juglandifolia, Lam.). Lfts. less shining above, usually broader, more or less pubescent beneath, serrate at least above the middle. This is the northern form, while the former is more common in the southern states. Var. iodocarpa, Fern. Frs. conspicuous by their reddish purple color. Var. albo-marginata, Hort. Lfts. edged white. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis or Agrilus marcopoli and EAB) is a green beetle native to Asia. In North America the borer is an invasive species, highly destructive to ash trees in its introduced range.

Species

Gallery

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  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Fraxinus americana
  2. ↑ Common Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: Fraxinus americana
  3. ↑ New Brunswick tree and shrub: Fraxinus americana
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