Difference between revisions of "Peking Willow"

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|genus=Salix
 
|genus=Salix
 
|species=babylonica
 
|species=babylonica
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|taxo_author=L.
 
|common_name=Peking willow, Weeping willow
 
|common_name=Peking willow, Weeping willow
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Max wd metric=ft
 
|Max wd metric=ft
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|origin=China
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|origin_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|exposure=sun
 
|exposure=sun
 
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|water=wet, moist
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|water_ref=Sunset National Garden Book
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|features=deciduous
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|min_zone=5
 
|min_zone=5
 
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|max_zone=10
 
|max_zone=10
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|image=Upload.png
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|sunset_zones=3-24, 26n, 28, 30-34, 39
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|image=SalixBabylonica.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Peking Willows
 
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}}
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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'''''Salix babylonica''''' ('''Babylon Willow''' (var. ''babylonica'') or '''Peking Willow''' (var. ''matsudana''); is a species of [[willow]] native to dry areas of northern [[China]], but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in [[Asia]], being traded along the [[silk road]] to southwest Asia and [[Europe]].<ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005760 ''Salix babylonica'']</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32683 ''Salix babylonica'']</ref>
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| name = ''Salix babylonica''
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| common_names = Peking Willow
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It is a large-sized to medium [[deciduous]] tree, growing up to 20-25 m tall. It grows rapidly, but has a short lifespan. The shoots are yellowish-brown, with small buds. The [[leaf|leaves]] are spirally arranged, narrow, light green, 4-16 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, with finely serrate margins and long [[leaf shape|acuminate]] tips ; they turn a gold-yellow in autumn. The [[flower]]s are arranged in [[catkin]]s produced early in the spring; it is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], with the male and female catkins on separate trees.<ref name=foc/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
 
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| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
 
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| origin = China{{SCH}}
 
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| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
 
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| lifespan = perennial
 
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| exposure = full sun{{SSN}}
 
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| water = lots of water{{SSN}}
 
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
 
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| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
 
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
 
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| usda_zones = ?   <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
 
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
 
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| color = IndianRed
 
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| image = SalixBabylonica.jpg
 
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
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| image_caption = Peking Willows planted at [[Shijiazhuang]], south of [[Beijing]], China
 
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| regnum = Plantae
 
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
 
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
 
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| ordo = Malpighiales
 
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| familia = Salicaceae
 
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| genus = Salix
 
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| species = babylonica
 
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| subspecies =
 
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| cultivar =  
 
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}}
 
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
'''''[[Salix]] babylonica'''.'' (syn. S. pendula). Napoleon's Willow. A tree of weeping habit, 30-40 ft. high, with long slender olive-green or purplish branches: buds small, acute: lvs. 2-6 in. long, attenuate at base and apex: aments appearing with the lvs., slender, the pistillate green, 1 in. long, caps. small. China.—Long known in cult. and often grown in cemeteries. Tender N. Var. annularis, Forbes, lvs. twisted back so as to form a sort of ring.
 
'''''[[Salix]] babylonica'''.'' (syn. S. pendula). Napoleon's Willow. A tree of weeping habit, 30-40 ft. high, with long slender olive-green or purplish branches: buds small, acute: lvs. 2-6 in. long, attenuate at base and apex: aments appearing with the lvs., slender, the pistillate green, 1 in. long, caps. small. China.—Long known in cult. and often grown in cemeteries. Tender N. Var. annularis, Forbes, lvs. twisted back so as to form a sort of ring.
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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[[Image:Willow Salix babylonica.jpg|200px|thumb|Leaves of Peking Willow]]
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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It has also been introduced into many other areas, but has not generally been successfully cultivated outside China, being very short-lived and unsightly due to [[canker]] diseases in the more humid [[climate]]s in much of [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. It is particularly susceptible to [[canker]] disease, Willow Anthracnose (''Marssonina salicicola'') and sensitive to late-spring frosts.<ref name=bean4/><ref name=rdm>Meikle, R. D. (1984). ''Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland''. BSBI Handbook No. 4. ISBN 0-901158-07-0.</ref>
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==Varieties==
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{{Redirect|Weeping willow||Weeping Willow (disambiguation)}}
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of var. ''babylonica'' (Babylon Willow).
 +
* 'Babylon' (synonym: 'Napoleon') The most widely grown cultivar with its typical weeping branches<ref>Santamour, F.S. & McArdle, A.J. (1988). Cultivars of Salix babylonica and other Weeping
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Willows. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 180-184</ref>
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* 'Crispa' (synonym: 'Annularis') A mutant of 'Babylon' with spirally curled leaves
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of var. ''matsudana'' (Pekin Willow).
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* 'Pendula' One of the best weeping trees, with a silvery shine, hardier and more disease resistant.
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* 'Tortuosa' Upright tree with twisted and contorted branches.
  
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==Species==
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Early Chinese [[cultivar]] selections include the original Weeping Willow ''Salix babylonica'' 'Pendula', in which the branches and twigs are strongly pendulous. However, most Weeping Willows outside China are [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] between this cultivar, and either White Willow ''[[Salix alba]]'' ([[Salix Sepulcralis Group]]) or Crack Willow ''[[Salix fragilis]]'' (''Salix × pendulina'' Wenderoth), which are better adapted to the more humid climates of most heavily populated regions of Europe and North America. The most widely grown Weeping Willow cultivar is [[Salix Sepulcralis Group 'Chrysocoma']], with bright yellowish shoots.<ref name=bean4/><ref name=rdm/>
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
 
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
 
  
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:Saule pleureur chaton.jpg|Flower
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Willow Salix babylonica.jpg|Leaves
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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File:Salix babylonica2.jpg|Bark
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File:SalixBabylonicaLeaf.jpg|Leaf
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<references/>
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
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Latest revision as of 17:06, 18 August 2010


Peking Willows


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 40 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 40.
Width: ⇔ 35 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 35.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ China
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Water: ◍ wet, moist
Features: ✓ deciduous
USDA Zones: 5 to 10
Sunset Zones: 3-24, 26n, 28, 30-34, 39
Scientific Names

Salicaceae >

Salix >

babylonica >

L. >


Salix babylonica (Babylon Willow (var. babylonica) or Peking Willow (var. matsudana); is a species of willow native to dry areas of northern China, but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in Asia, being traded along the silk road to southwest Asia and Europe.[1][2]

It is a large-sized to medium deciduous tree, growing up to 20-25 m tall. It grows rapidly, but has a short lifespan. The shoots are yellowish-brown, with small buds. The leaves are spirally arranged, narrow, light green, 4-16 cm long and 0.5-2 cm broad, with finely serrate margins and long acuminate tips ; they turn a gold-yellow in autumn. The flowers are arranged in catkins produced early in the spring; it is dioecious, with the male and female catkins on separate trees.[1][3]


Read about Peking Willow in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Salix babylonica. (syn. S. pendula). Napoleon's Willow. A tree of weeping habit, 30-40 ft. high, with long slender olive-green or purplish branches: buds small, acute: lvs. 2-6 in. long, attenuate at base and apex: aments appearing with the lvs., slender, the pistillate green, 1 in. long, caps. small. China.—Long known in cult. and often grown in cemeteries. Tender N. Var. annularis, Forbes, lvs. twisted back so as to form a sort of ring.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

It has also been introduced into many other areas, but has not generally been successfully cultivated outside China, being very short-lived and unsightly due to canker diseases in the more humid climates in much of Europe and North America. It is particularly susceptible to canker disease, Willow Anthracnose (Marssonina salicicola) and sensitive to late-spring frosts.[4][5]

Varieties

"Weeping willow" redirects here. For other uses, see Weeping Willow (disambiguation).

of var. babylonica (Babylon Willow).

  • 'Babylon' (synonym: 'Napoleon') The most widely grown cultivar with its typical weeping branches[6]
  • 'Crispa' (synonym: 'Annularis') A mutant of 'Babylon' with spirally curled leaves

of var. matsudana (Pekin Willow).

  • 'Pendula' One of the best weeping trees, with a silvery shine, hardier and more disease resistant.
  • 'Tortuosa' Upright tree with twisted and contorted branches.

Early Chinese cultivar selections include the original Weeping Willow Salix babylonica 'Pendula', in which the branches and twigs are strongly pendulous. However, most Weeping Willows outside China are hybrids between this cultivar, and either White Willow Salix alba (Salix Sepulcralis Group) or Crack Willow Salix fragilis (Salix × pendulina Wenderoth), which are better adapted to the more humid climates of most heavily populated regions of Europe and North America. The most widely grown Weeping Willow cultivar is Salix Sepulcralis Group 'Chrysocoma', with bright yellowish shoots.[4][5]

Gallery

  • Flower

  • Leaves

  • Bark

  • Leaf

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Flora of China: Salix babylonica
  2. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Salix babylonica
  3. ↑ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bean4
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Meikle, R. D. (1984). Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland. BSBI Handbook No. 4. ISBN 0-901158-07-0.
  6. ↑ Santamour, F.S. & McArdle, A.J. (1988). Cultivars of Salix babylonica and other Weeping Willows. Journal of Arboriculture 14: 180-184

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Peking_Willow&oldid=131333"