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{{SPlantbox
|familia=Hippocastanaceae
|genus=Aesculus
|species=pavia
|common_name=Red buckeye
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|habit=tree
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|Max ht box=15
|Max ht metric=ft
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|Max wd box=10
|Max wd metric=ft
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|origin=E USA
|poisonous=seeds toxic
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|exposure=sun
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|features=flowers
|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|flowers=red, pink
|Temp Metric=°F
|min_zone=6
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|max_zone=10
|sunset_zones=3-9, 14-24, 30-34
|image=Red Buckeye Aesculus pavia Leaf Cluster 2800px.jpg
|image_width=240
}}
'''''Aesculus pavia''''', known as '''Red Buckeye''' or '''Firecracker Plant''', is a species of [[deciduous]] [[flowering plant]]. The small tree or shrub is native to the southern and eastern parts of the [[United States]], found from [[Illinois]] to [[Virginia]] in the north and from [[Texas]] to [[Florida]] in the south.
It has a number of local names, such as scarlet buckeye, woolly buckeye and firecracker plant.
The Red Buckeye is a large [[shrub]] or small [[tree]]. It reaches a height of 5-8 m, often growing in a multi-stemmed form. Its leaves are opposite, and are usually composed of five elliptical serrated leaflets, each 10-15 cm long. It bears 10-17 cm long clusters of attractive dark red tubular flowers, each in April to May. The flowers are [[hermaphrodite]]. The smooth light brown fruits, about 3 cm in diameter, reach maturity in September and October.
There are two [[variety (biology)|varieties]]:
*''Aesculus pavia'' var. ''pavia'': typical Red Buckeye.
*''Aesculus pavia'' var. ''flavescens'': yellow-flowered Red Buckeye.
The yellow-flowered variety, ''var. flavescens'', is found in higher country in Texas, and [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] with intermediate flower color occur.
The flowers are attractive to [[hummingbird]]s as well as [[bee]]s. The fruits are rich in [[saponin]]s, which are poisonous to humans, though not particularly dangerous because they are not easily ingested. The oils can be extracted to make [[soap]], though this is not commercially viable.
Ornamental [[cultivar]]s such as the low-growing 'Humilis' have been selected for garden use.
Red Buckeye has hybridized with Common Horse-chestnut (''[[Aesculus hippocastanum]]'') in cultivation, the hybrid being named ''[[Aesculus × carnea]]'', Red Horse-chestnut. The hybrid is a medium-size tree to 20-25 m tall, intermediate between the parent species in most respects, but inheriting the red flower color from ''A. pavia''. It is a popular tree in large [[garden]]s and [[park]]s, most commonly the selected [[cultivar]] 'Briotii'. Hybrids of Red Buckeye with [[Yellow Buckeye]] (''A. flava'') have also been found, and named ''Aesculus × hybrida''.
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Aesculus pavia, Linn. (Pavia rubra, Poir. P. Michauxii, Spach). RED BUCKEYE. Shrub or small tree, 4-20 ft.: lfts. oblong or elliptical, acute at both ends, finely serrate, smooth or pubescent beneath: panicles 4-7 in. long, loose; fls. purplish to dark red; calyx tubular; petals very dissimilar; stamens mostly 8, nearly as long as the petals: fr. smooth. May, June. Va. to Fla. and La.—Many garden forms, as var. humilis, Mouillef. (AE. humilis, Lodd. AE. Pavia var. nana, Dipp. AE. Pavia var. péndula, Hort. AE.
Aesculus pavia, Linn. (Pavia rubra, Poir. P. Michauxii, Spach). RED BUCKEYE. Shrub or small tree, 4-20 ft.: lfts. oblong or elliptical, acute at both ends, finely serrate, smooth or pubescent beneath: panicles 4-7 in. long, loose; fls. purplish to dark red; calyx tubular; petals very dissimilar; stamens mostly 8, nearly as long as the petals: fr. smooth. May, June. Va. to Fla. and La.—Many garden forms, as var. humilis, Mouillef. (AE. humilis, Lodd. A. Pavia var. nana, Dipp. A. Pavia var. péndula, Hort. A. rubra var. hùmilis, Loud.). Low shrub, sometimes prostrate, 2-4 ft.: lfts. coarsely and unequally serrate, slightly pubescent beneath, chiefly along the veins: fls. red; calyx dark red. Var. atrosanguinea, Rehd. Fls. very dark red. Var. sublaciniata, Wats. (Pavia atropurpurea, Spach). Lfts. narrower oblong, deeply serrate: fls. dark red. There are also forms with variegated lvs.
rubra var. hùmilis, Loud.). Low shrub, sometimes prostrate, 2-4 ft.: lfts. coarsely and unequally serrate, slightly pubescent beneath, chiefly along the veins: fls. red; calyx dark red. Var. atrosanguinea, Rehd. Fls. very dark red. Var. sublaciniata, Wats. (Pavia atropurpurea, Spach). Lfts. narrower oblong, deeply serrate: fls. dark red. There are also forms with variegated lvs.
}}
}}
:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Aesculus|genus page]].''
:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Aesculus|genus page]].''
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
==Varieties==
==Varieties==
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
File:Aesculus pavia L. (Dwarf Red Buckeye) Hippocastanaceae (1657458344).jpg| photo 1
File:Aesculus pavia8.jpg| photo 2
File:Aesculus pavia var. flavescens PICT0312.JPG| ''flavescens'' variety
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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