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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''Ziziphus zizyphus''
|familia=Rhamnaceae
| common_names = Jujube, Red Date, Chinese Date
|genus=Ziziphus
| growth_habit = deciduous tree
|species=zizyphus
| high = 10 m
|taxo_author=Mill.
| wide = 5 m
|common_name=Jujube, Red Date, Chinese Date
| origin = China, then SW Asia, S Europe
|habit=tree
|Max ht box=10
| lifespan = perennial
|Max ht metric=m
| exposure = full sun
|height_ref=Plants for a Future
| water = regular, drought tolerant
|Max wd box=5
| features = edible fruit
|Max wd metric=m
| hardiness = -20°C[[Celsius|°C]])
|origin=China, then SW Asia, S Europe
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
|lifespan=perennial
| usda_zones = 7-10
|exposure=sun
| sunset_zones = 7-16, 18-24, 28-33{{SSN}}
|water=moderate, dry
|features=deciduous, edible, fruit
| image = ZiziphusJujubaVarSpinosa.jpg
|Min Temp Num=-20
| image_width = 200px
|Temp Metric=°C
|min_zone=7
|max_zone=10
|sunset_zones=7-16, 18-24, 28-33
|image=ZiziphusJujubaVarSpinosa.jpg
|image_width=200
}}
}}
Small deciduous tree with spines, grows fast, popular from S Europe to China. Serrated leaves are oval to lance-shaped serrated. Gives tiny (5mm) cream-colored flowers in late spring, which are followed by plum-like fruit (1.5-3 cm) which become dark red when ripe, and has one hard stone in it, like that of the olive.
Small deciduous tree with spines, grows fast, popular from S Europe to China. Serrated leaves are oval to lance-shaped serrated. Gives tiny (5mm) cream-colored flowers in late spring, which are followed by plum-like fruit (1.5-3 cm) which become dark red when ripe, and has one hard stone in it, like that of the olive.
'''Adaptation''': The jujube can withstand a wide range of temperatures; virtually no temperature seems to be too high in summertime. Winter dormancy allows it to withstand temperatures to about -28° F, yet it requires only a small amount of winter chill in order for it to set fruit. The plant revels in summer sun and heat, with the lack of either limiting fruit production more than winter cold. Yet jujubes have fruited in the Puget Sound and low Cascade regions of Washington State as well as in Pennsylvania. Fruiting of some cultivars has also been reported in northern Florida.The Indian jujube, which is more sensitive to frost, is grown in Florida, but the fruit is considered inferior. Jujube trees are not particularly suitable for container culture, but can be grown in this manner in a large container.
'''Adaptation''': The jujube can withstand a wide range of temperatures; virtually no temperature seems to be too high in summertime. Winter dormancy allows it to withstand temperatures to about -28° F, yet it requires only a small amount of winter chill in order for it to set fruit. The plant revels in summer sun and heat, with the lack of either limiting fruit production more than winter cold. Yet jujubes have fruited in the Puget Sound and low Cascade regions of Washington State as well as in Pennsylvania. Fruiting of some cultivars has also been reported in northern Florida.The Indian jujube, which is more sensitive to frost, is grown in Florida, but the fruit is considered inferior. Jujube trees are not particularly suitable for container culture, but can be grown in this manner in a large container.
{{Inc|
Zizyphus jujuba, Lam. Tree, 30-50 ft. high: branches usually prickly; young branchlets, petioles and infl. densely rusty tomentose: lvs. broadly oval or ovate to oblong, obtuse, sometimes emarginate, serrate or entire, dark green and glabrous above, tawny or nearly white-tomentose beneath, 1-3 in. long: fls. in short-stalked many-fld. axillary cymes: fr. subglobose to oblong, usually orange-red, 1/2 – 3/4 in. long, on a stalk nearly half its length. March-June. S. Asia, Afr., Austral.—Variable in shape and color of the fr.; for figures of several varieties see Hooker Jour. Bot. 1 (1834):321. The jujube is somewhat planted in Fla. and Calif., although it yet has no commercial rating as a fr.-plant. The frs. or berries are ripe in Nov. and Dec., and the plant begins to bear at 3 years from planting. The jujube fr. is used in confectionery.
}}
:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Ziziphus|genus page]].''
:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Ziziphus|genus page]].''
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
[[Image:Azufaifas fcm.jpg|thumb|left|jujube fruit]]
[[Image:Azufaifas fcm.jpg|thumb|left|jujube fruit]]
Tolerant of a wide range of temperatures and water, but won't give good fruit without summer heat and water during fruit development. Very drought tolerant if fruit is not important. Does well in desert with some water, can take extreme heat, down to -15°C, exceptionally -20°C, temperatures.
Tolerant of a wide range of temperatures and water, but won't give good fruit without summer heat and water during fruit development. Very drought tolerant if fruit is not important. Does well in desert with some water, can take extreme heat, down to -15°C, exceptionally -20°C, temperatures.
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
Most Chinese cultivars in the U.S. are grafted or budded onto a thorny rootstalk which produces many suckers from the roots. There is evidence that jujube cultivars will root on hard or soft wood cuttings. However, successes have been limited to date with this process of plant reproduction. Jujubes also can be propagated from seed, although they do not come true. Most jujube cultivars produce fruit without cross-pollination, but seeds from such self-pollination are usually not viable (such as from the Li or Lang cultivars)
Most Chinese cultivars in the U.S. are grafted or budded onto a thorny rootstalk which produces many suckers from the roots. There is evidence that jujube cultivars will root on hard or soft wood cuttings. However, successes have been limited to date with this process of plant reproduction. Jujubes also can be propagated from seed, although they do not come true. Most jujube cultivars produce fruit without cross-pollination, but seeds from such self-pollination are usually not viable (such as from the Li or Lang cultivars) - Source: CRFG
Seed - best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe. Stored seed requires 3 months warm then 3 months cold stratification[113]. Germination should take place in the first spring, though it might take another 12 months. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in a cold frame for at least their first winter. Plant out in early summer. Root cuttings in a greenhouse in the winter[200]. Best results are achieved if a temperature of 5 - 10°c can be maintained[238]. Cuttings of mature wood of the current season's growth, November to January in a frame[238]. Division of suckers in the dormant season[174]. They can be planted out direct into their permanent positions if required.{{pfaf}}
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
==References==
==References==
*http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/jujube.html
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
*[http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/jujube.html California Rare Fruit Growers] - major source of text
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Ziziphus+jujuba Plants for a Future] - creative commons text source
*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248
*Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
*{{wplink}}
*{{wplink}}
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