Difference between revisions of "Lantana camara"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Verbenaceae
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| name = Spanish Flag
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|genus=Lantana
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| image = LantanaFlowerLeaves-3.jpg
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|species=camara
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| image_width = 200px
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|common_name=Lantana
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| image_caption = Flowers and leaves
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|habit=shrub
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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|Min ht metric=cm
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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|Max ht box=6
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|Max ht metric=ft
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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|Max wd box=8
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| familia = [[Verbenaceae]]
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| genus = ''[[Lantana]]''
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|lifespan=perennial
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| species = '''''L. camara'''''
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|exposure=sun, part-sun
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| binomial = ''Lantana camara''
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|water=moderate, dry
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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|features=evergreen, flowers, butterflys, ground cover, fire resistant
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| synonyms =
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|flowers=red, orange, yellow
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''Lantana aculeata''<br />
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|Min Temp Num=28
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''Lantana armata''
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=8
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|max_zone=11
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|sunset_zones=8-12, 12-30
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|image=LantanaFlowerLeaves-3.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Flowers and leaves
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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''Lantana camara'', Linn. (L. aculeata, Linn.). ' Small shrub, 1-4 ft. high, hairy, sometimes with short hooked prickles: leavesvs. rather thick, rugose, scabrous above but pubescent beneath, ovate or cordate-ovate, mostly short-acuminate, crenate-dentate, the petioles short: clusters of flowers on strong axillary peduncles which may or may not exceed the leaves; flowers in a dense, nearly flat-topped head, usually opening yellow or pink but changing to orange or scarlet, the bracts narrow and not conspicuous. Trop. Amer., extending north to Texas and S. Ga. B.M. 96. L.B.C.12:1171 (as L. scabrida, Ait.).In the wild, the plant may grow 10 ft. high, and it is usually prickly (hence the name L. aculeata of Linnaeuns). The cultured plant is less prickly or even unarmed. Color of flowers varies on different plants, and there are many named forms. This group is now a prominent plant in many tropics. It is possible that more than one species is involved in the following forms. ''L.hybrida'' is a name for the dwarf garden forms. ''L. Pictavi'' is a hybrid between ''L. Sellowiana'' and a garden form.
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''[[Lantana]] camara'', Linn. (L. aculeata, Linn.). Small shrub, 1-4 ft. high, hairy, sometimes with short hooked prickles: leavesvs. rather thick, rugose, scabrous above but pubescent beneath, ovate or cordate-ovate, mostly short-acuminate, crenate-dentate, the petioles short: clusters of flowers on strong axillary peduncles which may or may not exceed the leaves; flowers in a dense, nearly flat-topped head, usually opening yellow or pink but changing to orange or scarlet, the bracts narrow and not conspicuous. Trop. Amer., extending north to Texas and S. Ga. In the wild, the plant may grow 10 ft. high, and it is usually prickly (hence the name L. aculeata of Linnaeuns). The cultured plant is less prickly or even unarmed. Color of flowers varies on different plants, and there are many named forms. This group is now a prominent plant in many tropics. It is possible that more than one species is involved in the following forms. ''L. hybrida'' is a name for the dwarf garden forms. ''L. Pictavi'' is a hybrid between ''L. Sellowiana'' and a garden form.
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}}
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{{SCH}}
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'''''Lantana camara''''', also known as '''Spanish Flag''', is native to tropical regions in Central and South America.<ref name="ws">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetenerifesun.com/Issue-172/page32.htm|title=Fill your garden with sunshine|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 19|publisher=The Western Sun Newspaper|year=2007|author=Efren and Luisa Gonzalez|language=English}}</ref><ref name="florida">{{Cite web|url=http://www.floridata.com/ref/L/lant_c.cfm|title=Lantana camara|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 19|publisher=Floridata LC|year=2007|author=Floridata LC|language=English}}</ref><ref name="moyhill">{{Cite web|url=http://www.moyhill.com/html/english_vs_latin_names.html|title=English vs. Latin Names|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 19|publisher=Moyhill Publishing|year=2007|author=Moyhill Publishing|language=English}}</ref> Spanish Flag has been introduced into other parts of the world as an ornamental plant, it is considered an invasive species in many tropical areas.<ref name="decc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/content/lantana_factsheet|title=Lantana - fact sheet|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 19|publisher=Department of Environment and Climate Change - NSW|year=2007|author=New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service|language=English}}</ref>
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}}
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==Naturalization==
 
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''Lantana camara'' has become naturalized in tropical and warm regions worldwide.<ref name="feppc2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fleppc.org/ID_book/lantana%20camara.pdf|title=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: Lantana camanara|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 19|publisher=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council|year=2005|author=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council|format=PDF|language=English}}</ref> In the Kenyan highlands it grows in many areas that receive even minimal amounts of rainfall. It can be seen in the wild and along footpaths, deserted fields, and farms.<ref name="khanna">{{cite book | last =Khanna  | first =L. S. | authorlink = | coauthors =Prakash, R. | title =Theory and Practice of silvicultural Systems | publisher =International Book Distributions | date =1983| location = | pages =400 pages | url = | doi = | id = }}</ref> Lantana has been naturalized in the [[United States]], particularly in the Atlantic coastal plains, from [[Florida]] to [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], where the climate is close to its native climate, with high heat and humidity.<ref name="florida" />
 
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==Domestication==
 
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Lantana has become popular in gardens, for its hardy nature. It is not affected by pests or disease, has low water requirements, and handles extreme heat. It is a favorite species of butterflies, and used in butterfly gardens in the United States.<ref name="florida" />
 
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==Ecological impact==
 
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Lantana camara is an [[invasive species]] and has covered large areas in '''India''' as well as '''Australia'''. It colonizes new areas when its seeds are dispersed by birds.  Once it reaches an area, ''Lantana camara'' spreads quickly. It coppices so well, that efforts to eradicate it have completely failed. It is resistant to fire, and quickly grows in and colonizes burnt areas.<ref name="hire">{{cite book | last =Hiremath | first =Ankila  | authorlink = | coauthors =Bharath Sundram. | title =The Fire-Lantana Cycle Hypothesis in Indian Forests | publisher =Conservation and Society  | date =2005 | location = | pages = | url =http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/archive/00002445/ | doi = | id = }}</ref> It has become a serious obstacle to the natural regeneration of important native species including [[Sal]] in Southeast Asia, as well as plants in 22 other countries. In greenhouses, lantana is notorious for attracting whitefly.<ref name="feppc2" /><ref name="feppc" />
 
  
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While considered a pest in Australia, it shelters several native marsupial species from predators, and offers a habitat for the vulnerable ''Exoneura'' native bee, which nests in the hollow stems of the plant.
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==Cultivation==
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Lantana is very easy to grow and will adapt to most soil types. Too much water and fertilizer will reduce bloom.
  
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Lantana camara has been reported to make animals ill after ingestion.<ref name="feppc2" /> Its berries are toxic before they become ripe, and can be poisonous to pets as well as livestock. Lantana has been listed as a Category One "Invasive Toxic Species" in Florida by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, and has become a problem in Texas and Hawaii.<ref name="feppc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fleppc.org/list/05List.htm|title=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: List of Invasive Species|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=September 19|publisher=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council|year=2005|author=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council|language=English}}</ref><ref name="florida" />
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===Propagation===
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By seed or cuttings taken in the summertime. Lantana hybrids and named selections are propagated by cuttings.
  
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==Other uses==
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===Pests and diseases===
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Some communities have found alternate uses for Lantana, as it is difficult to eradicate. Some household furniture, such as tables and chairs are made from the stalks, or the small branches are bundled together to make brooms.<ref name="khanna" />
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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==Ornamental==
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==Species==
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Some ''Lantana'' cultivars are ornamentals and these tend to have small herbaceous stems.
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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See also article [[Lantana]].
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
Image:Lantana camara (1).jpg
 
Image:Lantana camara (1).jpg
 
Image:lantana camara blanca.jpg
 
Image:lantana camara blanca.jpg
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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Image:Upload.png| photo 4
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{reflist}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Lantana%20camara.pdf USDA Forest service brochure]
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.fleppc.org/ID_book/lantana%20camara.pdf Lantana camara at Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council]
 
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*[http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/iffn/country/in/in_8.htm ''Lantana'' threat in India]
 
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*[http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/content/lantana_factsheet Lantana factsheet]
 
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*[http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/lantana_flower_guide.pdf Lantana identification guide]
 
  
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[[Category:Invasive plant species]]
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 02:29, 21 January 2013


Flowers and leaves


Plant Characteristics
Habit   shrub

Height: ⇕ 6 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 6.
Width: ⇔ 8 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 8.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun, part-sun
Water: ◍ moderate, dry
Features: ✓ evergreen, flowers, butterflys, ground cover, fire resistant
Minimum Temp: ☃ 28°F270.928 K <br />-2.222 °C <br />487.67 °R <br />
USDA Zones: 8 to 11
Sunset Zones: 8-12, 12-30
Flower features: ❀ red, orange, yellow
Scientific Names

Verbenaceae >

Lantana >

camara >



Read about Lantana camara in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Lantana camara, Linn. (L. aculeata, Linn.). Small shrub, 1-4 ft. high, hairy, sometimes with short hooked prickles: leavesvs. rather thick, rugose, scabrous above but pubescent beneath, ovate or cordate-ovate, mostly short-acuminate, crenate-dentate, the petioles short: clusters of flowers on strong axillary peduncles which may or may not exceed the leaves; flowers in a dense, nearly flat-topped head, usually opening yellow or pink but changing to orange or scarlet, the bracts narrow and not conspicuous. Trop. Amer., extending north to Texas and S. Ga. In the wild, the plant may grow 10 ft. high, and it is usually prickly (hence the name L. aculeata of Linnaeuns). The cultured plant is less prickly or even unarmed. Color of flowers varies on different plants, and there are many named forms. This group is now a prominent plant in many tropics. It is possible that more than one species is involved in the following forms. L. hybrida is a name for the dwarf garden forms. L. Pictavi is a hybrid between L. Sellowiana and a garden form. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Lantana is very easy to grow and will adapt to most soil types. Too much water and fertilizer will reduce bloom.

Propagation

By seed or cuttings taken in the summertime. Lantana hybrids and named selections are propagated by cuttings.

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • Lantana camara (1).jpg
  • Lantana camara blanca.jpg

  • photo 3

  • photo 4

References

External links


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