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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Gloxinia''
| image = Gloxinia Southern Peru.jpg
| image_caption = ''Gloxinia'' species, southern [[Peru]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Gesneriaceae]]
| genus = '''''Gloxinia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Gloxinia''''' is a [[genus]] of 3 species of [[tropical]] [[rhizomatous]] [[herb]]s in the [[flowering plant]] family [[Gesneriaceae]]. The species are primarily found in the [[Andes]] of [[South America]] but ''Gloxinia perennis'' is also found in [[Central America]] and the [[West Indies]], where it has probably escaped from cultivation.
''Gloxinia perennis'' is the original (type) species of the genus and for much of its history the genus consisted of only ''G. perennis'' and a very small number of other species. However, most recent references on ''Gloxinia'' reflect the 1976 classification of [[Hans Wiehler]], who took a very broad view of the genus (surprisingly, because Wiehler tended to be a taxonomic splitter). A recent analysis of ''Gloxinia'' and related genera based on molecular and morphological work has determined that Wiehler's circumscription of the genus was unnatural, both phylogenetically and morphologically. The analyses demonstrated that the genera ''[[Anodiscus]]'' and ''[[Koellikeria]]'', each with a single species, were more closely related to ''Gloxinia perennis'' than were any of the other species included in ''Gloxinia'' by Wiehler, several of which proved to be more closely related to other genera (particularly ''[[Diastema]]'', ''[[Monopyle]]'', and ''[[Phinaea]]''). As a result of this work, most of the species have been transferred to other genera while ''[[Koellikeria]] erinoides'' and ''[[Anodiscus]] xanthophyllus'' have been transferred into a much more narrowly defined ''Gloxinia'' consisting of only three species, all of them characterized by having a [[raceme]]-like flowering stem. The other species have been transferred to the existing genus ''[[Monopyle]]'', the resurrected genera ''[[Mandirola]]'' and ''[[Seemannia]]'', and the new genera ''[[Gloxinella]]'', ''[[Gloxiniopsis]]'', ''[[Nomopyle]]'', and ''[[Sphaerorrhiza]]''. ''Gloxinia perennis'' forms fertile hybrids with species of ''Seemannia'', which was the primary reason for uniting the two genera.
''Gloxinia perennis'' is sometimes known as "Canterbury Bells" (not to be confused with members of the genus ''[[Campanula]]'', which go by the same name).
''[[Sinningia speciosa]]'', a popular houseplant, was originally described and introduced to cultivation as ''Gloxinia speciosa'' and is still commonly known as "gloxinia".
;Species
*''[[Gloxinia erinoides]]'' (formerly ''Koellikeria erinoides'')
*''[[Gloxinia perennis]]''
*''[[Gloxinia xanthophylla]]'' (formerly ''[[Anodiscus]] xanthophyllus'')
;Excluded species
*''Gloxinia burchellii'' = ''[[Sphaerorrhiza burchellii]]''
*''Gloxinia dodsonii'' = ''[[Nomopyle dodsonii]]''
*''Gloxinia gymnostoma'' = ''[[Seemannia gymnostoma]]''
*''Gloxinia ichthyostoma'' = ''[[Mandirola ichthyostoma]]''
*''Gloxinia lindeniana'' = ''[[Gloxinella lindeniana]]''
*''Gloxinia nematanthodes'' = ''[[Seemannia nematanthodes]]''
*''Gloxinia planalta'' = ''[[Mandirola multiflora]]''
*''Gloxinia purpurascens'' = ''[[Seemannia purpurascens]]''
*''Gloxinia racemosa'' = ''[[Gloxiniopsis racemosa]]''
*''Gloxinia reflexa'' = ''[[Monopyle reflexa]]''
*''Gloxinia rupestris'' = ''[[Mandirola rupestris]]''
*''Gloxinia sarmentiana'' = ''[[Sphaerorrhiza sarmentiana]]''
*''Gloxinia speciosa'' = ''[[Sinningia speciosa]]''
*''Gloxinia sylvatica'' = ''[[Seemannia sylvatica]]''
==References and external links==
*Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan, L.E., Skog, & E.A. Zimmer. 2005. Untangling the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic data sets. ''Taxon'' 54 (2): 389-410.
*Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan & L.E. Skog. 2005. Reorganization of tribal and generic boundaries in the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae) and the description of a new tribe in the Gesnerioideae, Sphaerorrhizeae. ''Selbyana'' 25 (2): 225-238.
*Wiehler, H. 1976. A report on the classification of ''Achimenes'', ''Eucodonia'', ''Gloxinia'', and ''Anetanthus'' (Gesneriaceae). ''Selbyana'' 1 (4): 374-404.
==External links==
*[http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Anodiscus''], [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Gloxinia''], and [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Koellikeria''] from [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/index.htm The Genera of Gesneriaceae]
*[http://gesneriads.ca/gendiagl.htm ''Diastema'', ''Gloxinia'', ''Phinaea'' and Related Intergenerics] from the [http://gesneriads.ca Gesneriad Reference Web]
[[Category:Gesneriaceae]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Gloxinia''
| image = Gloxinia Southern Peru.jpg
| image_caption = ''Gloxinia'' species, southern [[Peru]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Gesneriaceae]]
| genus = '''''Gloxinia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Gloxinia''''' is a [[genus]] of 3 species of [[tropical]] [[rhizomatous]] [[herb]]s in the [[flowering plant]] family [[Gesneriaceae]]. The species are primarily found in the [[Andes]] of [[South America]] but ''Gloxinia perennis'' is also found in [[Central America]] and the [[West Indies]], where it has probably escaped from cultivation.
''Gloxinia perennis'' is the original (type) species of the genus and for much of its history the genus consisted of only ''G. perennis'' and a very small number of other species. However, most recent references on ''Gloxinia'' reflect the 1976 classification of [[Hans Wiehler]], who took a very broad view of the genus (surprisingly, because Wiehler tended to be a taxonomic splitter). A recent analysis of ''Gloxinia'' and related genera based on molecular and morphological work has determined that Wiehler's circumscription of the genus was unnatural, both phylogenetically and morphologically. The analyses demonstrated that the genera ''[[Anodiscus]]'' and ''[[Koellikeria]]'', each with a single species, were more closely related to ''Gloxinia perennis'' than were any of the other species included in ''Gloxinia'' by Wiehler, several of which proved to be more closely related to other genera (particularly ''[[Diastema]]'', ''[[Monopyle]]'', and ''[[Phinaea]]''). As a result of this work, most of the species have been transferred to other genera while ''[[Koellikeria]] erinoides'' and ''[[Anodiscus]] xanthophyllus'' have been transferred into a much more narrowly defined ''Gloxinia'' consisting of only three species, all of them characterized by having a [[raceme]]-like flowering stem. The other species have been transferred to the existing genus ''[[Monopyle]]'', the resurrected genera ''[[Mandirola]]'' and ''[[Seemannia]]'', and the new genera ''[[Gloxinella]]'', ''[[Gloxiniopsis]]'', ''[[Nomopyle]]'', and ''[[Sphaerorrhiza]]''. ''Gloxinia perennis'' forms fertile hybrids with species of ''Seemannia'', which was the primary reason for uniting the two genera.
''Gloxinia perennis'' is sometimes known as "Canterbury Bells" (not to be confused with members of the genus ''[[Campanula]]'', which go by the same name).
''[[Sinningia speciosa]]'', a popular houseplant, was originally described and introduced to cultivation as ''Gloxinia speciosa'' and is still commonly known as "gloxinia".
;Species
*''[[Gloxinia erinoides]]'' (formerly ''Koellikeria erinoides'')
*''[[Gloxinia perennis]]''
*''[[Gloxinia xanthophylla]]'' (formerly ''[[Anodiscus]] xanthophyllus'')
;Excluded species
*''Gloxinia burchellii'' = ''[[Sphaerorrhiza burchellii]]''
*''Gloxinia dodsonii'' = ''[[Nomopyle dodsonii]]''
*''Gloxinia gymnostoma'' = ''[[Seemannia gymnostoma]]''
*''Gloxinia ichthyostoma'' = ''[[Mandirola ichthyostoma]]''
*''Gloxinia lindeniana'' = ''[[Gloxinella lindeniana]]''
*''Gloxinia nematanthodes'' = ''[[Seemannia nematanthodes]]''
*''Gloxinia planalta'' = ''[[Mandirola multiflora]]''
*''Gloxinia purpurascens'' = ''[[Seemannia purpurascens]]''
*''Gloxinia racemosa'' = ''[[Gloxiniopsis racemosa]]''
*''Gloxinia reflexa'' = ''[[Monopyle reflexa]]''
*''Gloxinia rupestris'' = ''[[Mandirola rupestris]]''
*''Gloxinia sarmentiana'' = ''[[Sphaerorrhiza sarmentiana]]''
*''Gloxinia speciosa'' = ''[[Sinningia speciosa]]''
*''Gloxinia sylvatica'' = ''[[Seemannia sylvatica]]''
==References and external links==
*Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan, L.E., Skog, & E.A. Zimmer. 2005. Untangling the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic data sets. ''Taxon'' 54 (2): 389-410.
*Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan & L.E. Skog. 2005. Reorganization of tribal and generic boundaries in the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae) and the description of a new tribe in the Gesnerioideae, Sphaerorrhizeae. ''Selbyana'' 25 (2): 225-238.
*Wiehler, H. 1976. A report on the classification of ''Achimenes'', ''Eucodonia'', ''Gloxinia'', and ''Anetanthus'' (Gesneriaceae). ''Selbyana'' 1 (4): 374-404.
==External links==
*[http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Anodiscus''], [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Gloxinia''], and [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Koellikeria''] from [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/index.htm The Genera of Gesneriaceae]
*[http://gesneriads.ca/gendiagl.htm ''Diastema'', ''Gloxinia'', ''Phinaea'' and Related Intergenerics] from the [http://gesneriads.ca Gesneriad Reference Web]
[[Category:Gesneriaceae]]
