Difference between revisions of "Jasmine"

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Jasminum''
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| name = ''Gynostemma pentaphyllum''
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| common_names = Jasmine
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| image = Jiaogulan.JPG
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| growth_habit = shrubs & vines
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| high =     <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| origin = temperate/tropical Old World
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| ordo = [[Cucurbitales]]
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| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| familia = [[Cucurbitaceae]]
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| lifespan = perennial
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| subfamilia = Zanonioideae
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| exposure =     <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| subtribus = Gomphogyninae
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| water =     <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| genus = ''[[Gynostemma]]''
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| features = flowers, fragrance
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| species = '''''G. pentaphyllum'''''
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| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc -->
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| binomial = ''Gynostemma pentaphyllum''
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| binomial_authority = ([[Thunb.]]) Makino 1902
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| usda_zones =    <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Jasminum auriculatum (Juhi) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8323.jpg
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| image_width = 200px
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| image_caption = Jasminum auriculatum
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| regnum = Plantae
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|unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
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|unranked_classis = Eudicots
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|unranked_ordo = Asterids
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|ordo = Lamiales
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|familia = Oleaceae
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|tribus = Jasmineae
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|genus = Jasminum
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:Jiaogulan.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Baby jiaogulan plants]]
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{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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'''''Gynostemma pentaphyllum''''', also called '''jiaogulan''' ({{zh-cp|c=[[wiktionary:绞|绞]][[wiktionary:股|股]][[wiktionary:蓝|蓝]]|p=jiǎogǔlán}}) is an [[herbaceous]] [[vine]] of the family [[Cucurbitaceae]] ([[cucumber]] or [[gourd]] family) indigenous to the southern reaches of [[China]], southern [[Korea]] and [[Japan]]. Jiaogulan is best known as an [[herbal medicine]] reputed to have powerful [[antioxidant]] and [[adaptogen]]ic effects that increase longevity.
 
  
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==Range==
 
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Jiaogulan is a vine hardy to [[Hardiness zone|USDA zone]] 8 in which it may grow as a short lived [[perennial plant]]. It can be grown as an annual in most temperate climates, in well-drained soil with full sun. The plant is dioecious, meaning each plant exists either as male or female, thus if seeds are desired both a male and female plant must be grown. Unlike most of the Cucurbitaceae, jiaogulan does not show toxicity.
 
  
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==Uses==
 
  
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Jiaogulan is consumed primarily as a tea, and is also used as a natural sweetener in [[Japan]]{{fact|date=September 2007}}. It is known as an [[adaptogen]] and [[antioxidant]] and has been found to increase [[superoxide dismutase]] (SOD) which is a powerful endogenous cellular antioxidant. Studies have found it increases the activities of [[macrophage]]s, [[T lymphocytes]] and natural [[killer cells]] and that it acts as a tumor inhibitor.<ref>Liu et. al. "Therapeutic and Tonic effects of Jiaogulan on Leukopenia Patients".</ref> Due to its adaptogenic effects it is frequently referred to as "Southern Ginseng," although it is not closely related to true Panax [[ginseng]]. Its adaptogenic constituents include the [[triterpenoid saponins]] [[gypenoside]]s which are closely structurally related to the [[ginsenoside]]s from the well-known medicinal plant ginseng.  It has been shown to lower [[cholesterol]] levels in human studies.<ref>LaCour, Molgaard and Yi. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Lipidaemia. 1995</ref>
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The plant is best known for its use as an [[herbal medicine]] in [[traditional Chinese medicine]], although its inclusion in [[Wu Qi-Jun]]'s 1848 botany book ''Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao Chang Bian'' discusses a few medicinal uses and seems to be the earliest known documentation of the herb.  Prior to that, Jiaogulan was cited as a survival food in [[Zu Xio]]'s 1406 book ''Materia Medica for Famine''. Until recently it was a locally known herb used primarily in regions of southern China. It is described by the local inhabitants as the immortality herb, because people within the [[Guizhou]] Province, where jiaogulan tea is drunk regularly, have a history of living to a very old age.<ref name="Winston">[[David Winston]] &amp; Steven Maimes. ''Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief'', Healing Arts Press (2007). Contains a detailed herbal monograph on jiaogulan and highlights health benefits.</ref><ref name="Bensky">Dan Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger, and Andrew Gamble. ''Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Third Edition''. Eastland Press 2004</ref> Most research has been done since the 1960s when the Chinese realized that it might be an inexpensive source for adaptogenic compounds, taking pressure off of ginseng stock.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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Adaptogenic herbs are nontoxic in normal doses, produce a nonspecific defensive response to stress, and have a normalizing influence on the body. They normalize the [[hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis]] (HPA axis). As defined, adaptogens constitute a new class of natural, homeostatic metabolic regulators.<ref name="Winston"/>  However they are also functional at the level of [[allostasis]] which is a more dynamic reaction to long term stress, lacking the fixed reference points of homeostasis.<ref>Robyn Klein (2004). [http://www.rrreading.com/files/Manu%20Allostasis%20and%20Adaptogens.pdf Allostasis Theory and Adaptogenic Plant Remedies]</ref>  Jiaogulan is a calming adaptogen which is also useful in formula with [[codonopsis]] for [[jet lag]] and [[altitude sickness]].<ref name="Bensky">Dan Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger, and Andrew Gamble. "Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Third Edition." Eastland Press 2004</ref>
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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==Alternate names==
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==Species==
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Western languages such as English and German commonly refer to the plant as jiaogulan. Other names include:<ref>[http://www.immortalitea.com/othernames.htm Other Names for Jiaogulan]</ref>
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{{Main|List of Jasminum species}}
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*[[Chinese language|Chinese]]: ''xiancao'' ([[wikt:仙|仙]][[wikt:草|草]], literally "immortal grass"; more accurately "herb of immortality")
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Species include:
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*[[English language|English]]: five-leaf ginseng, poor man's ginseng, miracle grass, fairy herb, sweet tea vine, gospel herb
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*''[[Jasminum dichotomum]]'' - Gold Coast Jasmine
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*[[Japanese language|Japanese]]: ''amachazuru'' ([[kanji]]: [[wikt:甘|甘]][[wikt:茶|茶]][[wikt:蔓|蔓]]; [[hiragana]]: あまちゃずる; literally ''amacha''=sweet, ''cha''=tea, ''zuru''=vine)
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*''[[Jasminum grandiflorum]]'' - Spanish Jasmine, Royal Jasmine
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*[[Korean language]]: ''dungkulcha'' (<!-- spelling from Roman-to-Hangui translator: 둥쿠lc하 The following spelling is likely more correct:-->덩굴차) or ''dolwe'' (<!-- 도l웨 The following spelling is likely more correct:-->돌외)
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*''[[Jasminum humile]]'' - Italian Yellow Jasmine
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*[[Latin]]: ''Gynostemma pentaphyllum'' or ''Vitis pentaphyllum''
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*''[[Jasminum mesnyi]]'' - Japanese Jasmine, Primrose Jasmine, Yellow Jasmine
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*[[Thai language|Thai]]: <!--''baan ja kahn'' is from www.immortalitea.com/othernames.htm but-->''jiaogulan'' (เจียวกู่หลาน) <!-- seems to be an often-used transliteration for "jiaogulan"; can't find "baan ja kahn" on any Thai websites -->
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*''[[Jasminum odoratissimum]]'' - Yellow Jasmine
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*[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: ''Giảo cổ lam''
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*''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' Common Jasmine, Poet's Jasmine, jasmine, jessamine
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*''[[Jasminum parkeri]]'' - Dwarf Jasmine
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*''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' - Arabian Jasmine
  
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One U.S.-based company markets jiaogulan under the name "Panta". At least one U.S. company markets jiaogulan under the name "Penta Concentrate" for lowering cholesterol.<ref name="Blumert">{{cite book
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==Gallery==
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| title = Jiaogulan: China's "Immortality Herb" — Unlocking the Secrets of Nature's Powerful Adaptogen and Antioxidant
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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| url=http://www.jiaogulan.net/Jiaogulan.htm
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| edition =
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<gallery>
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| last = Blumert
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Image:Jasminum_suavissimum-IMG_0893_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum suavissimum]]
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| first = Michael
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Image:Jasminum_grandiflorum-spanish_jasmine-IMG_0757_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum grandiflorum]] / Spanish jasmine
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| coauthors =
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Image:Jasminum_giraldii-IMG_0726_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum giraldii]]
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| year = 1999
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Image:Jasminum_grandiflorum-spanish_jasmine-IMG_0758_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum grandiflorum]] / Spanish jasmine
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| publisher = Torchlight Publishing
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Image:Jasminum_suavissimum-IMG_0892_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum suavissimum]]
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| id = ISBN 978-1887089166
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Image:Jasminum diversifolium-IMG 3110 lokrun.jpg| [[Jasminum diversifolium]]
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| pages = }}</ref><ref>Zhang ZH, et al. Propagation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum by tissue culture. China J Chinese Materia Medica. 1989; 14(6)</ref>
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{reflist}}
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.aumtea.com/scientific_studies.htm A summary of scientific studies related to the effectiveness of Jiaogulan and gypenosides on a commercial site]
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.projectgoodlife.com/index.php?page=jiaogulan Jiaogulan, Free Radicals and Anitoxidants]
 
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*[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/HerbsWho/0,3923,552773|Jiaogulan,00.html Drug Digest presents side-effects and interactions for Gynostemma]
 
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*[http://www.immortalitea.com/J_history.htm History of Jiaogulan]
 
  
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==Further reading==
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{{stub}}
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*Saleeby, J. P. ''[http://www.xlibris.com/wonderherbs Wonder Herbs: A Guide to Three Adaptogens]''. (The third chapter is dedicated to jiaogulan.)
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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[[Category:Cucurbitaceae]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
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[[Category:Chinese folklore]]
 
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[[Category:Dietary supplements]]
 
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[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
 
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[[Category:Sweeteners]]
 
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[[Category:Traditional Chinese medicine]]
 
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[[Category:Herbal tea]]
 
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[[Category:Chinese tea]]
 

Revision as of 16:58, 6 March 2009


Jasminum auriculatum


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ temperate/tropical Old World
Cultivation
Features: ✓ flowers, fragrance
Scientific Names

Oleaceae >

Jasminum >


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Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Main article: List of Jasminum species

Species include:

Gallery

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References

External links


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