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Passiflora edulis (view source)

Revision as of 15:30, 14 March 2009

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Passiflora ''
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| name = Passion fruit
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = vine
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| high =    <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin =    <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure = full sun
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| water = regular to moderate
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| features = flowers, fruit
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones =    <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones = 15-17, 21-25, 27
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Maracuyá.jpg
 
| image = Maracuyá.jpg
 
| image_width = 250px
 
| image_width = 250px
 
| image_caption = Ripe yellow passion fruit, or "maracuyá"
 
| image_caption = Ripe yellow passion fruit, or "maracuyá"
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
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| ordo = Malpighiales
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| familia = [[Passifloraceae]]
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| familia = Passifloraceae
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| genus = [[Passiflora]]
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| genus = Passiflora
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| species = '''''P. edulis'''''
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| species =  
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| binomial = ''Passiflora edulis''
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| subspecies =  
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| binomial_authority = [[John Sims|Sims]]
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| cultivar =  
 
}}
 
}}
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:''For the German pop group, see [[Passion Fruit (band)]].''
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{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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'''''Passiflora edulis''''' or '''passion fruit''' is cultivated commercially for its [[fruit]] in northwestern [[South America]], [[India]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Brazil]], southern [[Florida]], [[Hawaii]], [[Australia]], [[East Africa]], [[Israel]] and [[South Africa]] (where it is known as a [[grenadilla]] or [[granadilla]]). The passion fruit is round to oval, yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit can be grown to eat or for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.
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The two types of passion fruit have greatly different exterior appearances. The bright yellow variety of passion fruit, which is also known as the Golden Passionfruit, can grow up to the size of a [[grapefruit]], has a smooth, glossy, light and airy rind, and has been used as a [[rootstock]] for the purple passion fruit in Australia.<ref name="garden">{{cite news
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  | last = Reynhardt
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  | first = Debbie
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  | title = Gardening with Debbie Reynhardt
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  | work = Dispatch Online
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  | publisher = Dispatch Media (Pty) Ltd
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  | date = 8 February 2003
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  | url = http://www.dispatch.co.za/2003/02/08/features/GARDEN.HTM
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  | accessdate = 2006-11-20 }}</ref> The dark purple passion fruit (for example, in Kenya) is smaller than a [[lemon]], with a dry, wrinkled rind at maturity.
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The purple varieties of the fruit reportedly have traces of [[cyanogenic]] [[glycoside]]s in the skin, and hence are mildly poisonous. However, the thick, hard skin is hardly edible, and if boiled (to make [[jam]]), the [[cyanide]] molecules are destroyed at high temperatures.
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:''More information about this species can be found on the [[Passiflora|genus page]].''
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==Names==
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==Cultivation==
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*In the [[Dominican Republic]] the fruit is knowm as '''Chinola'''
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{{monthbox
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*In [[Brazil]] and [[Portugal]] the fruit is known as '''maracujá'''.
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| color = IndianRed
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*In [[Colombia]], it is known as '''maracuyá''' (yellow variety) or '''gulupa''' (purple variety).
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| name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left -->
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*In [[Jamaica]] it is called '''sweet cup'''.
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| jan =
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*In [[Nicaragua]] it is known as '''calala''', a sweet-tasting [[juice]] is made when the fruit is cut in half and boiled in water.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Nicaraguan Fruits: Passion Fruit | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.vianica.com/go/specials/14-nicaraguan-fruits.html | work =ViaNica | pages = | accessdate = 2007-07-13 | language = }}</ref>
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| feb =
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*In [[Costa Rica]], [[Panama]], [[Ecuador]], [[Mexico]], [[Honduras]] and [[Peru]], it is called '''Maracuyá'''.
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| mar =
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*In [[Puerto Rico]], the fruit is called '''parcha'''.
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| apr =
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*In [[South Africa]] the purple variety is called a '''granadilla''' whereas the golden/yellow variety is called '''guavadilla'''.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/ff/alien_biota/layout.pdf|title = Alien invasive plants in the Kruger National Park|format = PDF|pages = 28}}</ref>  
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| may =
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*In [[Venezuela]], it is called '''parchita'''.
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| jun =
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| jul =
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| aug =
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| sep =
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| oct =
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| nov =
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| notes =
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}}  
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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The distinctive flower of the passion fruit plant is called [[Passion flower]] or Passionflower, and is noted for its unusual visual characteristics. The leaves and roots of the plant have medicinal uses and are also called [[Passion flower]].
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Early European explorers gave the plant its common name because the flower's complex structure and pattern reminded them of symbols associated with the [[Passion (Christianity)|passion of Christ]].  It was said that the flower contained the lashes received by Christ, the crown of thorns, the column, the five wounds and the three nails.<ref> {{cite book| last = Coe| first = Sophie D.| title = America's first cuisines| year = 1994| isbn = 0-292-71159-X| pages = p. 187}}</ref>
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Uses==
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==Cultivars==
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[[Image:Passionfruitjuice2.jpg|thumb|right|230px|A glass of passion fruit juice]]
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*'Nancy Garrison' - hardier version
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*In Australia, passion fruit is the most common topping for the [[Pavlova (food)|pavlova]] (a [[meringue]] cake) and the vanilla slice. It is also used to flavour soft drinks such as [[Passiona]].
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*In Puerto Rico, it is widely believed to lower [[blood pressure]].
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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*In Brazil passion fruit mousse is a common dessert, and passion fruit seeds are routinely used to decorate the tops of certain cakes. Passion fruit juice is also very common.
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<gallery>
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Image:Purple passionfruit.jpg|Purple passion fruit, which in [[Colombia]] is called "gulupa", to distinguish it from the yellow maracuyá
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Image:Passion fruit 700.jpg|Ripe purple passion fruit
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Image:Maracuyá stand.jpg|Yellow passion fruits for sale
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Image:Passiflora edulis dsc07776.jpg|Passion fruits on sale
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Image:Passionfruit comparision.jpg|Yellow and purple passion fruits, side by side
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Image:Passionfruitvine.jpg|Passion fruit still on the vine
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Image:Passionfruitjuice2.jpg|A glass of passion fruit juice
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</gallery>
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*In the [[Dominican Republic]] it is commonly used as an ingredient in a fruit drink containing strained passionfruit juice, sugar and water. It is also eaten fresh and used to flavor things from hard candies to popsicles.
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==References==
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*In [[Indonesia]] it is eaten straight as a fruit. Nevertheless, it is common to strain the passionfruit for its juice and cook it with sugar to make some sort of thick syrup. It is then mixed with water and ice to be drunk.
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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*In [[Hawaii]] it is normally eaten raw. Lilikoi flavored syrup is a popular topping for [[shave ice]]. [[Ice cream]] and [[mochi]] are also flavored with lilikoi, as well as many other desserts. Lilikoi fruits are not widely available in stores, so most of the fruit eaten comes from backyard gardens or wild groves.
      
==See also==
 
==See also==
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*[[Sweet granadilla]]
 
*[[Sweet granadilla]]
 
*[[Granadilla]]
 
*[[Granadilla]]
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*[[Grenadilla]]
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==References==
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<references  />
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== External links ==
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==External links==
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{{commons|Passiflora edulis}}
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*{{wplink}}
 
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html Fruits of Warm Climates: Passionfruit]
 
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html Fruits of Warm Climates: Passionfruit]
 
* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html California Rare Fruit Growers: Passion Fruit Fruit Facts]
 
* [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/passionfruit.html California Rare Fruit Growers: Passion Fruit Fruit Facts]
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* [http://www.passionflow.co.uk/ Passiflora Online]
 
* [http://www.passionflow.co.uk/ Passiflora Online]
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<gallery>
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{{stub}}
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Image:Purple passionfruit.jpg|Purple passion fruit, which in [[Colombia]] is called "gulupa", to distinguish it from the yellow maracuyá
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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Image:Passion fruit 700.jpg|Ripe purple passion fruit
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Image:Maracuyá stand.jpg|Yellow passion fruits for sale
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Image:Passiflora edulis dsc07776.jpg|Passion fruits on sale
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Image:Passionfruit comparision.jpg|Yellow and purple passion fruits, side by side
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Image:Passionfruitvine.jpg|Passion fruit still on the vine
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</gallery>
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[[Category:Fruit]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Passifloraceae]]
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[[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
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[[Category:Flora of the Maldives]]
 
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