Difference between revisions of "Laelia"

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Laelia''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Laelia-anceps.jpg
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| image_width = 200px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Laelia anceps
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| tribus = Epidendreae
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| alliance = Cattleya
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| genus = Laelia
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| species =
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| subspecies =
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| cultivar =
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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Laelia (meaning uncertain). Orchidaceae. A useful and attractive group of orchids, mostly with large, showy flowers borne singly or in two- to  
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Laelia (meaning uncertain). Orchidaceae. A useful and attractive group of orchids, mostly with large, showy flowers borne singly or in two- to many-flowered racemes, which arise from the top of one- to two- leaved pseudobulbs. The plants greatly resemble cattleyas and differ only by the presence of eight perfect pollen masses instead of four.
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many-flowered racemes, which arise from the top of one- to two- leaved pseudobulbs. The plants greatly resemble cattleyas and differ only by the  
 
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presence of eight perfect pollen masses instead of four.
 
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Leaves oblong, coriaceous or fleshy, not plicate: pseudobulbs terminating the annual growth, ovate, clavate, fusiform or st.-like, long or short,
 
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consisting of 1 to several thickened internodes, or of slender and quill-like form with merely a small bulbous swelling at base, sheathed with scales and
 
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bearing 1 or 2 lvs. at the summit: sepals subequal, free, spreading; petals wider and sometimes longer, spreading; all usually plane; labellum free from
 
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the base of the column, more or less distinctly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes short, erect, folding over the column; middle lobe long, expanded,
 
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lanceolate-ovate, etc.; column concave in front, and thus narrowly 2-winged on the edges; pollinia 8, 4 in each locule; scape terminal, long or short,
 
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bracted.— About 30 species, dispersed in the maritime provinces of Mex. and Guatemala and in S. Brazil. No species is common to the two widely
 
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separated regions. A single species, L. monophylla, inhabits the mountains of Jamaica. In their native homes the plants are often found clinging to
 
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bare rocks and trees, where they are exposed to the full force of the tropical sun, and, in the wet season, to daily drenching rains. Some of the species
 
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grow at great altitudes. Thus, L. autumnalis var. furfuracea, is always found in alpine regions at elevations of 7,500-8,500 ft. For a list ot cult, kinds,
 
  
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see R. A. Rolfe, G.C. III. 7:107, 256, 333, 355; 8:241, 652.
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Leaves oblong, coriaceous or fleshy, not plicate: pseudobulbs terminating the annual growth, ovate, clavate, fusiform or st.-like, long or short, consisting of 1 to several thickened internodes, or of slender and quill-like form with merely a small bulbous swelling at base, sheathed with scales and bearing 1 or 2 lvs. at the summit: sepals subequal, free, spreading; petals wider and sometimes longer, spreading; all usually plane; labellum free from the base of the column, more or less distinctly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes short, erect, folding over the column; middle lobe long, expanded, lanceolate-ovate, etc.; column concave in front, and thus narrowly 2-winged on the edges; pollinia 8, 4 in each locule; scape terminal, long or short, bracted.— About 30 species, dispersed in the maritime provinces of Mex. and Guatemala and in S. Brazil. No species is common to the two widely separated regions. A single species, L. monophylla, inhabits the mountains of Jamaica. In their native homes the plants are often found clinging to bare rocks and trees, where they are exposed to the full force of the tropical sun, and, in the wet season, to daily drenching rains. Some of the species grow at great altitudes. Thus, L. autumnalis var. furfuracea, is always found in alpine regions at elevations of 7,500-8,500 ft
  
 
Laelia may be conveniently divided into groups, as follows:
 
Laelia may be conveniently divided into groups, as follows:
  
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Group I (species 1-10).—Pseudobulbs rounded, pyriform or ovate. The plants of this section are medium- sized, with the pseudobulbs terminating each  
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Group I (species 1-10).—Pseudobulbs rounded, pyriform or ovate. The plants of this section are medium- sized, with the pseudobulbs terminating each year's growth, sessile at intervals on the rhizome, and sheathed at least at first with bract-lvs. The scape, except in L. grandiflora, is long and slender, erect, nodding or sub- horizontal, and bears at its end 1 or 2 fls. (L. anceps), or a raceme of 2-7 fls. (L. albida). L. grandiflora, placed here on account of its thickened pseudobulbs, bears greater resemblance to the members of the next group.
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year's growth, sessile at intervals on the rhizome, and sheathed at least at first with bract-lvs. The scape, except in L. grandiflora, is long and slender,  
 
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erect, nodding or sub- horizontal, and bears at its end 1 or 2 fls. (L. anceps), or a raceme of 2-7 fls. (L. albida). L. grandiflora, placed here on account  
 
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of its thickened pseudobulbs, bears greater resemblance to the members of the next group.
 
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Group II (species 11-13).—Pseudobulbs short-cylindrical, st.-like, or swollen-jointed, i. e., consisting of several internodes and sheathed with bracts.
 
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These plants are of dwarf habit, bearing 1-2 very large fls. on short scapes, so that the top of the fl. scarcely exceeds the lvs., which are oblong, about
 
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6 in. long, and leathery.
 
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Group III (species 14-23).—Pseudobulbs long- oblong, fusiform or clavate, tapering below to a sheathed and jointed stalk. This group contains the
 
  
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largest and most showy laelias. The pseudobulbous sts. are tall and tufted, a foot or more in length, forming robust, compact, almost bushy plants. The
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Group II (species 11-13).—Pseudobulbs short-cylindrical, st.-like, or swollen-jointed, i. e., consisting of several internodes and sheathed with bracts. These plants are of dwarf habit, bearing 1-2 very large fls. on short scapes, so that the top of the fl. scarcely exceeds the lvs., which are oblong, about 6 in. long, and leathery.
  
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flowering sts. of L. superbiens are said to attain a height of 12 ft. The racemes bear 3-7 large, handsome fls.
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Group III (species 14-23).—Pseudobulbs long- oblong, fusiform or clavate, tapering below to a sheathed and jointed stalk. This group contains the largest and most showy laelias. The pseudobulbous sts. are tall and tufted, a foot or more in length, forming robust, compact, almost bushy plants. The flowering sts. of L. superbiens are said to attain a height of 12 ft. The racemes bear 3-7 large, handsome fls.
  
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Group IV (species 24-26).—Pseudobulbs slender, reed-like and tufted. clothed with scales and often somewhat swollen at base. This group includes a  
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Group IV (species 24-26).—Pseudobulbs slender, reed-like and tufted. clothed with scales and often somewhat swollen at base. This group includes a few species which are very distinct on account of their bright scarlet or orange-colored fls. and slender, reed-like pseudobulbs. L. monophylla is perhaps the smallest of all laelias, being scarcely over 6 in. high, with pseudobulbs about as thick as a crow-quill. One variety of L, cinnabarina has purple fls.
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few species which are very distinct on account of their bright scarlet or orange-colored fls. and slender, reed-like pseudobulbs. L. monophylla is  
 
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perhaps the smallest of all laelias, being scarcely over 6 in. high, with pseudobulbs about as thick as a crow-quill. One variety of L, cinnabarina has  
 
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purple fls.
 
  
 
Cultivation of laelias. (E. O. Orpet.)
 
Cultivation of laelias. (E. O. Orpet.)
  
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These orchids have ever held an important place in gardens, and were it not for the trifling generic distinction of having double the number of  
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These orchids have ever held an important place in gardens, and were it not for the trifling generic distinction of having double the number of pollen-masses of the cattleya, they would have been known as a part of the last named, the ease with which both have been hybridized even from the beginning proving the close affinity; and one authority at least is willing to merge the two, were it not for the mixing up it would cause in garden nomenclature. The Brazilian species, L. purpurata and L. crispa, are strikingly beautiful, easy of culture, and are long-lived in gardens. These were the first to be used by the hybridist, and the multiple crosses made since, with the later addition of L. tenebrosa, show evidence of the gorgeous coloring of the labellum due to the laelia parentage.
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pollen-masses of the cattleya, they would have been known as a part of the last named, the ease with which both have been hybridized even from the  
 
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beginning proving the close affinity; and one authority at least is willing to merge the two, were it not for the mixing up it would cause in garden  
 
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nomenclature. The Brazilian species, L. purpurata and L. crispa, are strikingly beautiful, easy of culture, and are long-lived in gardens. These were  
 
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the first to be used by the hybridist, and the multiple crosses made since, with the later addition of L. tenebrosa, show evidence of the gorgeous  
 
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coloring of the labellum due to the laelia parentage.
 
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It has always been the impression that the Brazilian laelias require very much warmth to enable them to grow  well. This has been proved to be an
 
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error, as stronger growth is made in an intermediate temperature. The plants get an absolute rest in winter, flower better and grow stronger when kept
 
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at a temperature of about 50° in winter.
 
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The Mexican kinds that mostly flower in midwinter, such as L. anceps and its white forms, will do equally well in a similar house, but are best grown
 
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outdoors in summer in the partial shade of overhanging trees, giving a spraying of water overhead at evening of each hot day. This has been found to
 
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be the only way to get the white forms to bloom freely, as they need special treatment and thorough ripening to secure good results. Removal indoors
 
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should take place before frost; cool nights seem to invigorate them, but while they experience slight frosts in Mexican uplands, it is harmful here.
 
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These laelias make an abundance of roots, and the plants should be kept off the ground to avoid the danger of slugs. If these gain access, soak the
 
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pots or baskets in water for an hour and the slugs will appear and can be caught.
 
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The repotting of laelias must be done in early spring, or just before the appearance of the new bunches of roots at the base of the growths.
 
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Native-born species have a regular way of living, but the hybrids have a go-as-you-please habit, due perhaps to their mixed origin, that makes the
 
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repotting an operation that lasts throughout the year. Flowers are produced at all seasons, while, with introduced plants, their blooming is as fixed as
 
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the days of the year. This makes it hard to make a rule when to repot or separate plants; but, should the roots begin to get outside the receptacle, it is
 
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wise to give the plants more space. Good firm osmundine is the best material, as these are strictly epiphytal plants. Imported specimens are received
 
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with mats of dwarf polypodium attached, and these often grow with the plants in cultivation, giving a clue to the best way to treat them afterward. The
 
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other Mexican species, L. Gouldiana, L. autumnalis and L. albida, are not so durable in gardens as some others. They are most valuable
 
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midwinter-flowering orchids; they need similar culture as that given to L. anceps, but have to be replaced by new specimens after a few years, as they
 
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are not permanent.
 
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There are many pretty dwarf-growing species, L. praestans, L. Dayana, L. pumila, L. grandiflora, L. Jongheana and others, that require extra care to
 
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keep them in health, and this care is largely in the matter of moisture. The plants are small, need shallow pans and to be suspended close to the roof
 
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glass where they dry out speedily, and unless moisture is given regularly, the health of the plants soon weakens. The drying out is desirable, for the
 
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plants experience this on rocks or trees in their native habitat, but there they have the benefit of the night dews that amount to a shower of moisture;
 
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this is easily imitated by spraying over the plants each dry evening. The roots will take this up during the night, and be fortified for the succeeding
 
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day. If one examines the aerial roots of L. anceps, they will be found to be in segments, some longer than others, the longer ones being those formed
 
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on a dull or wet day when evaporation was slower and the tender- growing tips could grow longer. This is suggestive in a cultural way.
 
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The following names must be sought under Laeliocattleya: L. amanda, Brysiana, Dominiana, Dormaniana, elegans, ezoniensis, Nyleptha, prasiata,
 
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Schilleriana, Turneri.
 
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Laelia flava (L. caulescens). Lvs. 3-5 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, very thick and stiff: scape 1 ft., erect, bearing 4-8 bright yellow fls. 2-2 1/2 in.
 
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diam.; sepals and petals spreading, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute; labellum not longer than the petals; middle lobe recurved, crisped and
 
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undulate, having 4 elevated ridges running down the center; lateral lobes obtuse. Autumn. Brazil. B.R. 28:62.
 
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Laelia grandiflora (L. majalis). Lvs. solitary, oblong, coriaceous, 6-7 in. long: fls. solitary, rarely 2, on a short peduncle, scarcely equaling the lvs., 5-8
 
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in. across, showy, rose-lilac; sepals lanceolate, plane; petals oblong, acute, shorter and much broader than the sepals; middle lobe of the labellum
 
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large, expanded, emarginate, center white, shading to lilac at the margin, spotted with dark lilac; side lobes small, white inside, streaked with lilac.
 
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May, June. Mex.  B.M. 5667.  B.R.  30:30.  P.M. 12:1.  G.C. II. 19:628.—A magnificent orchid.  Var. alba, Reichb. f.  White. A.G. 19:109; 20:371. 
 
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G.C. III. 40:45.  Var. majus is advertised.
 
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Laelia albida,  Lvs. lance-linear, acute: scape twice as long as the lvs.; fls. 2 in. across, pure transparent white except a yellow streak down the lip and
 
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a few crimson dots at its base, sweet-scented; sepals lanceolate, spreading; petals similar but broader, all very acute; labellum 3-lobed; side lobes
 
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small, erect; middle lobe large, round-ovate, reflexed. All autumn and winter. Oaxaca, Mex.  B.M. 3957.  B.R. 25:54.  Gn. 35:314.—The first
 
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white-fld. species discovered. Var. sulphurea, Reichb. f. Larger: fls. sulfur-yellow, with a rose-colored border on the middle lobe, and rose spots on the
 
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inner surface of the side lobes. Var. bella, Hort., ex Williams, not Reichb. f. Fls. larger than the type; sepals and petals creamy white, faintly bordered
 
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with lilac; lip white, the middle lobe broadly bordered with deep rose and having 3 yellow ridges down the center. Var. rosea, Hort. Fls. rose-colored.
 
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Var. majus is advertised.
 
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Laelia autumnalis,  Lvs. oblong-linear, obtuse, coriaceous, 5 in. long: scape 1 1/2 - 2 ft. long, 5-6-fld., with sheathing scales; fls. showy, fragrant; sepals
 
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lanceolate- acuminate; petals oblong-lanceolate, undulate; lateral lobes of the labellum large, erect, rotund-truncate, whitish; middle lobe obovate,
 
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obtuse, apiculate, recurved, deep purple; disk with 2 narrow yellow lamellae. In color and general appearance much like L. anceps, but the segms.
 
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lack the green ribs. Autumn. Mex. B.M. 3817.  B.R. 25:27.  I.H. 1:17.  P.M. 6:121.  G.C. 1872:1009.—Grows on bare rocks and stunted trees in most
 
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exposed situations, often at great altitudes. Less valuable than L. anceps. Var. furfuracea, Rolfe (L. furfuracea).  This seems to be a dwarf alpine
 
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form, with the ovary more scurfy and the petals unusually broad. It is always found at great elevations, occurring frequently at 7,500-8,500 ft.
 
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Intermediate forms exist.  B.M. 3810.  B.R. 25:26.  Var. atrorubens, Backh. Pseudobulbs short: fls. large, deep rose or magenta, darker toward the
 
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ends of the segms, and the labellum; base of the labellum and lateral lobes white. Gn. 17:368. Var. venusta, Hort. Goldring. In habit resembles var.
 
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atrorubens: stalk 2-3 ft.: fls. large, rosy mauve. Gn. 25:366. Var. Fournieri, Andre.  Fls. about 6-7 in. across; sepals revolute at the summit,
 
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purple-red; petals rhomboid,  of the same color, all paler toward the base; labellum white, with the middle lobe colored like the segms. Larger than
 
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var. atrorubens.  R.H. 1896:548. Var. alba, Hort. Fls. pure white.
 
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Laelia Arnoldiana, Manda. Pseudobulbs 4-6 in. long, pyriform, deeply furcate, 2-lvd.: lvs. 5-7 in. long, leathery, lanceolate, thick and dark green:
 
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scape 1-4 ft. long, 3-11-fld.; sepals oblong-lanceolate, pointed; petals broader, ovate, all somewhat reflexed, rose- colored; middle lobe of the labellum
 
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reflexed, deep rose- purple, paler toward the center: throat with 2 yellow keels, spotted purple; lateral lobes straight, pale rose or white.—A species
 
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closely related to L. autumnalis, from which it differs in having bulbs growing erect and rigid lvs. and in the absence of the fetid odor of L. autumnalis.
 
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(W. A. Manda.) Mex. A.F. 5:303. Var. Forstermannii, Hort. Identical with the type, but has pure white fls., with a tinge of delicate pink on the ends of
 
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the segms. (W. A. Manda.)
 
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Laelia Eyermanniana, Reichb. f. (L. autumnalis x L. grandiflora, Reichb. L. autumnalis x L. albida, Rolfe). Natural hybrid. Pseudobulbs like those of
 
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L. grandiflora: lvs. oblong, acute, very leathery, 6 in. long and 2 in. broad: racemes bearing 3-4 fls. up to 4 in. across (as large as those of L.
 
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Gouldiana, but smaller than L. autumnalis), rose-purple (white suffused with bright rosy crimson); sepals lance-oblong, acute; petals broadly oblong or
 
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almost rotund, obtuse; side lobes of the labellum oblong; middle lobe rounded, wavy, white bordered with rose and having 3 yellow keels on the disk
 
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fading to whitish on the blade. G.C. III. 4:109.
 
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Laelia Crawshayana,  Natural hybrid. Pseudobulbs and lvs. as in L. albida: scape few (2)-fld., long as in L. anceps, but thinner and with shorter,
 
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narrower sheaths; sepals and petals narrower than in L. anceps, of a fine amethyst-color; labellum open near the column; side lobes obtuse-angled,
 
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antrorse, rich purple at the tips; middle lobe cuneate, abruptly blunt, lower half rich purple; throat yellow, veined with purple, 3-keeled. According to
 
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Reichb., a hybrid between L. anceps(?) and L. autumnalis(?) or L. albida and L. anceps. J.H. III. 30:67; 54:27 (as L. anceps var. Crawshayana). The
 
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plant there figured is probably the species in question, although, according to the figure and the accompanying description, the sepals and petals are
 
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wider than those of L. anceps.
 
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Laelia Gouldiana,  Pseudobulbs ovate, 2-lvd.: lvs. oblong-linear: scape slender, 1-2 ft. long, bearing as many as 6 deep rose-purple fls. resembling
 
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those of L. anceps; sepals lance-oblong, pointed; petals broader, ovate, acute; middle lobe of the labellum large, deeply colored, throat white and
 
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veined; side lobes white. Dec., Jan.  Mex.  G.C. III. 7:169.—A useful species, large plants often bearing 5-10 racemes. Perhaps only a variety of L.
 
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autumnalis.
 
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Laelia anceps,  Fig. 2056. Pseudobulbs scattered on the rhizome, ovate: lvs. 5-9 in. long, oblong-lanceolate: scape from the top of the pseudobulbs, l
 
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1/2 -2 ft. long,  clothed with keeled scales and bearing 1-2 very showy, purplish rose-colored fls.; sepals lanceolate- acuminate; petals
 
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ovate-acuminate, all with a greenish line on the back; labellum inside of the lateral lobes yellow, with red marks; middle lobe oblong, acute, deep
 
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purple, white on the disk, with a thickened yellow keel terminating in 3 ridges. Mex.  B.M. 3804.  B.R. 1751.  G. C. II. 24:405.  P.M. 4:73.  O.R.
 
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15:145. —One of the most beautiful species of laelia, possessing many fine varieties. Var. Barkeriana, Lindl. Sepals and petals subequal; middle lobe
 
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of the labellum rather narrow, acute.  B.R. 1947. F.S. 11:1100. Gn. 25:534.  Var. Dawsonii, J. Anders. Scape 2-3 ft. long, 2-3-fld.; fls. white; interior of
 
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the labellum marked with radiating purple lines, with the usual yellow ridge. Juquila, Mex. Gn. 25:534. G.C. III. 1:424.  S.H. 2, p. 175. F.M. 1871:530.
 
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Var. alba, Reichb. f.  Sepals and petals as in var. Dawsonii; fls. pure white, with the disk of the lip pale yellow.  Dec., Jan. G.C. III. 1:485; 15:172. J.H.
 
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III. 50:179. Var. Hilliana, Reichb. f. Sepals and petals white; front lobe of the labellum bilobed emarginate.  I.H. 33:584.  Gn. 25:534.  G.C. III. 1:425.
 
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Var. Williamsii, Hort.  Pure white, narrower than in var. Stella,; labellum white, large, with the disk and throat yellow, marked with crimson-purple.
 
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G.C. III. 1:349. Gn. 25:534. Var. Lageriana, Hort, White, suffused with rose; lip dark lavender, mottlod and streaked purple, the throat yellow,
 
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purple-veined. Var. Leeana, Reichb. f. Fls. white, smaller than in L. anceps; petals very narrow and very acute; side lobes of the labellum blunt;
 
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middle lobe small, triangular, wavy, with a thick, well-developed keel; throat yellowish, veined with reddish purple. Var. Schroederiana, Reichb. f. Fls.
 
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unusually large; sepals, petals and middle lobe of the labellum pure white; side lobes and throat streaked with broad lines of purplish crimson. Gn.
 
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44:284. G.M. 33:813.  G.C. III. 29:94. Var. Sanderiana, Reichb. f. Fls. white; disk of lip crimson. G.C. III. 1:281; 25:136;43:216. O.R.9:9; 17:frontis.
 
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Gn.44:284. G.M. 37:88. Var. Veitchiana, Reichb. f. Sepals and petals white; disk of the labellum yellow, veined with brown; lateral lobes and anterior
 
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part of the middle lobe veined with purple. Gn. 25:534 (as L. Veitchii). Var. Stella, Reichb. f. Fls. pure white; labellum with yellow throat, marked with
 
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light crimson lines. G.C. III.1:280 and 8:500. Var. Amesiana, O'Brien. Sepals and petals broad, feather-veined with mauve; labellum white; middle
 
−
 
 
−
lobe crimson-purple. G.C. III. 23:59. Var. Ashworthiana, O'Brien. Sepals pure white, lance-oblong; petals broadly ovate, also white; front lobe of the
 
−
 
 
−
labellum broad, expanded, white, with a few blue dots and yellow keels on the throat; side lobes with lines of slaty blue. G.C. III. 15:103. J.H.
 
−
 
 
−
III.28:125. Var. waddoniensis, Hort. Fls. pure white; side lobes of the lip marked with purple lines, disk yellowish. J.H. III. 56:349. G.C. III. 23:125.
 
−
 
 
−
G.M. 41:115. Var. Chamberlainiana, Hort. Sepals and petals soft rosy lilac; base and side lobes of lip purple- lined, the middle lobe a glaring
 
−
 
 
−
crimson-purple, the callus orange. G.C. III. 31:71; 49:78. G.M. 45:101. Var. Percivaliana, Reichb. f. Fls. small, but freely produced; sepals and petals
 
−
 
 
−
white, tinged with bluish pink; lateral lobes of the labellum deep purple at the tips and spotted; throat yellow, with purplish crimson lines; middle lobe
 
−
 
 
−
creamy yellow at the base; apex purplish. Gn. 25:534. Var. delicate, Hort. ex Williams. Labellum white, suffused with mauve; throat orange- yellow;
 
−
 
 
−
sepals and petals rose, mauve or lilac. Var. rosea, Reichb. f.  A variety having bright rose-colored fls., with the margins of the labellum darker rose.
 
−
 
 
−
Gn. 25:534. Var. grandiflora, Williams. A robust form resembling the type. G.C. III. 3:105. Var. holochila, Rolfe. Sepals and petals nearly alike, pale
 
−
 
 
−
lilac; lip petaloid, elliptical-lanceolate, light purple, yellow and white at the base. G.F. 4:173. Var. Scottiana, Warner and Williams. Sepals and petals
 
−
 
 
−
mauve; labellum deep purple, with a yellow throat, Var. morada. This is a name under which importations of large, highly colored forms of L. anceps
 
−
 
 
−
were sold by the Liverpool Hort. Co., England, as var. grandiflora. —Many other varieties appear under Latin names.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia rubescens (L. acuminata,  L. peduncularis). Pseudobulbs ovate to subrotund, clustered, sometimes rugose, 1-lvd.: lvs. oblong to lance-oblong,
 
−
 
 
−
emarginate, 4-5 in. long: scape slender, jointed, sheathed with brown scales at the joints, 1 ft. long, with 2-8 graceful, fragrant fls.; sepals spreading,
 
−
 
 
−
linear-oblong, acute; petals slightly longer and twice as wide, undulate; labellum as long as the petal; middle lobe of the same form but more undulate
 
−
 
 
−
and with a stain of yellow on the disk, purplish red on the inner surface. B.M. 4905 and 4099. B.R. 26:41; 27:24; 31:69. F.S. 1:9; 7:742. P.M. 10:49.
 
−
 
 
−
O.R. 14:41; 19:72.—A slender, graceful plant with small, whitish, lilac-tinted or rose-colored fls. much smaller than those of L. anceps.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia  Jongheana, Reichb. f. Rhizome with remarkably thick root-fibers: pseudobulbs ovate-oblong, 1-lvd.: lvs. broadly oblong, 3—5 in. long, very
 
−
 
 
−
thick and dark green: scape stout, shorter than the lf., 1-2-fld.; fls. 4 in. diam., bright amethyst-color; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute; petals broadly
 
−
 
 
−
oblong-obtuse; labellum convolute; lateral lobes very shallow; middle lobe emarginate, white and crisp, with about 7 golden-yellow undulate ridges in
 
−
 
 
−
the throat. Brazil. B.M.6038. R.H. 1873:290. G.C. 1872:425.  O.R. 12:273.—A dwarf species with remarkable leathery lvs. Said to equal L.
 
−
 
 
−
grandiflora and Cattleya Mossiae. Rare in cult. Many varieties are listed under Latin names.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia  pumila (Cattleya pumila,  marginata,  L. praestans,  L. Dayana, L. Pinelli ). Pseudobulbs small, st.-like, with 1 oblong to linear-oblong lf. 5-6 in.
 
−
 
 
−
long: peduncle shorter than the lvs., each bearing a single, large, drooping, rose-purple fl.; sepals oblong, acute; petals ovate-oblong, broader,
 
−
 
 
−
undulate; labellum very involute; lateral lobes subquadrate, middle lobe short, emarginate, waved and crisped; throat yellow, apex rich purple. A
 
−
 
 
−
pretty dwarf species from Brazil, very variable and useful. B.M. 3656,5498. B.R. 30:5. F. 1850:89 (as Cattleya spectabilis). G.C. II. 23:597; III.
 
−
 
 
−
36:354.—Many variiations of this plant have been described as distinct species, although botanically but one species. Some of them are well-marked
 
−
 
 
−
horticultural varieties. Var. praestans, Veitch (L. praestans). A large-fld., highly-colored variety, with the sepals and petals much broader than in the
 
−
 
 
−
type; labellum rich purple, very rigid and fleshy, lines almost obsolete. B.M. 5498. Gn. 53, p. 550. Var. marginata, Hort. (Catlleya marginata). Fls.
 
−
 
 
−
large; sepals and petals rose-crimson; labellum with a white border, crisp. Brazil. P.M. 10:265. I.H. 6:193 (as Cattleyapumila var. major). F.S.
 
−
 
 
−
18:1900. G.C. III. 22:262. A.G. 11:158. Var. Day ana, Dean (L. Dayana ). Sepals and petals rose-purple; labellum with a deep purple margin. Earlier
 
−
 
 
−
than the type. Brazil. R.H. 1890, p. 490. F.M. 1877:249. Var. alba, Hort. Fls. like var. praestans, but pure white with the base of the lip yellow.
 
−
 
 
−
G.C.III.21:11. J.H. III. 34:27; 43:349; 49:409, 475.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia Leeana, Hybrid: pseudobulbs cylindrical, somewhat swollen, 1-lvd.: lvs. cuneate-oblong, very coriaceous: sepals and petals spreading, ligulate,
 
−
 
 
−
acute, somewhat undulate, rose-color; lateral lobes of the labellum semi-ovate, acute, the tips resting on the middle lamella, white, tips purple; middle
 
−
 
 
−
lobe broad, obcordate. Sept. "Natural hybrid of L. marginata and —-?" (Hansen).—As this plant has 4 pollinia, it is probably nearer Cattleya. It was
 
−
 
 
−
imperfectly described by Reichb. as a doubtful hybrid.
 
−
 
 
−
GROUP III
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia Digbyana (Brassdvola Digbyana ). Pseudobulbs elongate, st.-like, 1-lvd.: lvs. elliptical, thick, fleshy, plane, slightly keeled: peduncle with a
 
−
 
 
−
solitary, very large, fragrant fl. 3-5 in. across; sepals and petals similar, oblong, spreading, pale purplish green; petals slightly broader; labellum very
 
−
 
 
−
large- cordate, entirely surrounding the column, white or cream-colored, with the margin cut into a broad laciniate fringe, which makes the fl. very
 
−
 
 
−
striking. July, Aug. Honduras. B.M. 4474. B.R. 32:53. F.S. 3:237. G.C. III. 18:153. G.M. 46:307.—A slow-growing orchid.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia glauca (Brassavola glauca ). St. short, creeping: pseudobulbs short, oblong, st.-like, compressed and sheathed with scales, bearing a single
 
−
 
 
−
oblong, glaucous, very thick and leathery lf.: fls. usually single, on a stalk shorter than the lf., fragrant; sepals and petals spreading,
 
−
 
 
−
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, greenish yellow; labellum with a short claw surrounding the column, then expanding into a large 3-lobed limb, yellowish
 
−
 
 
−
white, streaked with red in the throat. Mex. and Guatemala. B.M. 4033. B.R. 26:44. G.C. 111.7:357.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia virens,  Plants about 6 in. high: fls. 1 in. across; sepals suberect, ovate; petals lanceolate, sub- equal; labellum obsoletely 3-lobed, cucullate;
 
−
 
 
−
apex ovate, crisp, with obscure raised lines toward the base. Brazil.—The fls. are pale yellowish green, of no beauty.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia xanthina,  Lvs. oblong, longer than the fusiform pseudobulb: raceme 3-5-fld.; fls. 3 in. across, buff-yellow except the lip, which is white in front
 
−
 
 
−
streaked with crimson-purple; sepals and petals sub- equal, oblong-obtuse, undulate, leathery and convex; labellum nearly quadrate when spread out,
 
−
 
 
−
without raised veins. Brazil.  B.M. 5144.  F.S. 23:2418.— Intro. 1858. A second-rate species.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia grandis,  Pseudobulbs st.-like, 1-lvd., 1 ft. high: lvs. rigid, oblong-lanceolate: scape erect, bearing 2-5 fls. 4 in. across; sepals and petals
 
−
 
 
−
lanceolate, the latter a little broader, slightly curled or twisted; labellum white; front lobe large, bell-shaped, crenate-toothed, veined with purple.
 
−
 
 
−
Spring. Brazil. B.M. 5553. F.S. 7, p. 238, and 23:2473.—A curious species with the sepals and petals colored tawny yellow, contrasting strongly with
 
−
 
 
−
the whitish purple-veined lip. Var. tenebrosa, God. Lebeufe. Sepals and petals citron- yellow, less undulate; labellum trumpet-shaped, purple, with a
 
−
 
 
−
broad border of white with many purple veins. G.C. III. 14:221. G.M. 36:531.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia superbiens, Pseudobulbs 1 ft. or more in length, oblong, with 1 or 2 coriaceous oblong lvs. equaling the pseudobulbs in length: scape drooping,
 
−
 
 
−
5-6 ft. long, bearing a globose cluster of 10-20 fls. each about 6 in. diam.; sepals and petals nearly equal, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
 
−
 
 
−
lilac-purple, paler below; labellum as long as the segms.. middle lobe broad obcordate, waved and crisped; disk with several prominent toothed crests,
 
−
 
 
−
yellow, deep crimson-purple on the margins; side lobes yellow with purple margins and stripes. Guatemala. B.M. 4090. F.S. 11:1178, 1179. P.M.
 
−
 
 
−
11:97. R.H. 1886:324.—A very large plant.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia Boothiana (L. lobata,  Cattleya lobata ). A strong-growing plant: pseudobulbs clavate, furrowed, 1-lvd.: lvs. lanceolate-oblong, about as long as
 
−
 
 
−
the scape: scape 8-10 in. long, from the axil of the lf., 2-5-fld.; fls. about 5 in. across, uniformly violet-purple with rich crimson veins on the lip; sepals
 
−
 
 
−
lanceolate, with reflexed margins; petals broad, oblong, undulate, crisp; labellum cucullate, the middle lobe reflexed, all beautifully waved and crisped.
 
−
 
 
−
Much like L.crispa in habit. April, May. S.Brazil. R.H. 1874:331 (asL.Rivieri). G.C. 1848:403; III. 10:577. F.S. 20, p. 132. A.G. 13:608. O.R.
 
−
 
 
−
12:265.—This plant is not free-flowering, hence it is little cult., although a beautiful and distinct species.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia crispa (Cattleya crispa ). Pseudobulbs clustered, elongate-clavate, 1-lvd.: lvs. large, 1 ft. long, oblong-lanceolate, emarginate: scape with 5-6
 
−
 
 
−
large, handsome, fragrant fls.; sepals linear-oblanceolate or spatulate, acute, margins revolute; petals much broader, with the margins beautifully
 
−
 
 
−
waved and crisped; labellum standing forward, recurved at the apex; side lobes rounded, white, yellow at base, streaked with red; middle lobe long,
 
−
 
 
−
ovate-acuminate, deep purple inside, veined, all remarkably waved and crisped. Summer. On lofty trees fully exposed. Brazil. B.M. 3910. B.R. 1172.
 
−
 
 
−
Gn. 48, p. 504. J.H. III.33:197. P.M. 5:5. O.R. 9:201; 17:305.—A fine white-fld. species resembling a cattleya in habit. Var. Cauwelaertiae, L. Lind.
 
−
 
 
−
Sepals and petals tinged with greenish yellow; base of labellum yellow. I.H. 38:121.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia purpurata (Cattleya Brysiana ). Fig. 2057. Pseudobulbs long-elliptical, 6-8 in. high: lvs. solitary, oblong, leathery, dark green, 1 ft. or more in
 
−
 
 
−
length: scape erect, 3—7-fld.; fls. very large, 6-8 in. across; sepals linear-oblong, spreading, white, suffused with light rose; petals much broader,
 
−
 
 
−
ovate, undulate, crisp, base attenuate, colored like the sepals; labellum very large, bell-shaped; middle lobe rounded, undulate, crisp, rich purple with
 
−
 
 
−
darker veins, throat yellow. A robust plant, whose large fls., borne on strong erect stalks, make it one of the grandest laelias in cult. Spring. Brazil.  
 
  
−
I.H. 1, p. 54, and 3:83. F.S. 11:1138, 1139. Gn. 54, p. 17; 56, p. 46 (var. Mrs. Measures). G.C. II. 14:45; 20:533. A.F. 6:223. O.R. 15:156. G.M. 57:723
+
It has always been the impression that the Brazilian laelias require very much warmth to enable them to grow  well. This has been proved to be an error, as stronger growth is made in an intermediate temperature. The plants get an absolute rest in winter, flower better and grow stronger when kept at a temperature of about 50° in winter.
  
−
(var. alba). Var. atropurpurea, Williams. Sepals and petals deep rose; labellum large, expanded, purple-magenta; throat yellow, veined with purple.  
+
The Mexican kinds that mostly flower in midwinter, such as L. anceps and its white forms, will do equally well in a similar house, but are best grown outdoors in summer in the partial shade of overhanging trees, giving a spraying of water overhead at evening of each hot day. This has been found to be the only way to get the white forms to bloom freely, as they need special treatment and thorough ripening to secure good results. Removal indoors should take place before frost; cool nights seem to invigorate them, but while they experience slight frosts in Mexican uplands, it is harmful here. These laelias make an abundance of roots, and the plants should be kept off the ground to avoid the danger of slugs. If these gain access, soak the pots or baskets in water for an hour and the slugs will appear and can be caught.
  
−
Brazil. Var. Ashworthiana, J. Anders. Petals wider than in the type, 2 in. wide, purplish rose, with darker stripes. A highly colored form. G.C. 111.  
+
The repotting of laelias must be done in early spring, or just before the appearance of the new bunches of roots at the base of the growths. Native-born species have a regular way of living, but the hybrids have a go-as-you-please habit, due perhaps to their mixed origin, that makes the repotting an operation that lasts throughout the year. Flowers are produced at all seasons, while, with introduced plants, their blooming is as fixed as the days of the year. This makes it hard to make a rule when to repot or separate plants; but, should the roots begin to get outside the receptacle, it is wise to give the plants more space. Good firm osmundine is the best material, as these are strictly epiphytal plants. Imported specimens are received with mats of dwarf polypodium attached, and these often grow with the plants in cultivation, giving a clue to the best way to treat them afterward. The other Mexican species, L. Gouldiana, L. autumnalis and L. albida, are not so durable in gardens as some others. They are most valuable midwinter-flowering orchids; they need similar culture as that given to L. anceps, but have to be replaced by new specimens after a few years, as they are not permanent.
  
−
20:39. Var.
+
There are many pretty dwarf-growing species, L. praestans, L. Dayana, L. pumila, L. grandiflora, L. Jongheana and others, that require extra care to keep them in health, and this care is largely in the matter of moisture. The plants are small, need shallow pans and to be suspended close to the roof glass where they dry out speedily, and unless moisture is given regularly, the health of the plants soon weakens. The drying out is desirable, for the plants experience this on rocks or trees in their native habitat, but there they have the benefit of the night dews that amount to a shower of moisture; this is easily imitated by spraying over the plants each dry evening. The roots will take this up during the night, and be fortified for the succeeding day. If one examines the aerial roots of L. anceps, they will be found to be in segments, some longer than others, the longer ones being those formed on a dull or wet day when evaporation was slower and the tender- growing tips could grow longer. This is suggestive in a cultural way.
−
Nelisii, Hort., Versch. Sepals and petals subsessile, the former rose-colored outside; midlobe of the labellum ovate, acute. Much like the type in color.
+
The following names must be sought under Laeliocattleya: L. amanda, Brysiana, Dominiana, Dormaniana, elegans, ezoniensis, Nyleptha, prasiata, Schilleriana, Turneri.{{SCH}}
−
 
 
−
I.H. 15:569. Var. Russelliana, Williams (L. Russelliana, Hort.). Fls. large; sepals somewhat narrow, white, suffused with lilac; petals broader, deeper
 
−
 
 
−
lilac; labellum large, rose- lilac; throat yellow, marked with rose. Autumn. Var. Schrdederi. Reichb. f. Sepals and petals white; labellum white, with a
 
−
 
 
−
tinge of rose in the center; tube pale yellow, with fine, dark purple lines. I.H. 38:139. Var. Mandaiana, Hort. Pseudobulbs thinner and narrower than in
 
−
 
 
−
the type: fls. as large as those of the type, pure white, with a faint tinge of pink on the labellum. Var. praetexta, Reichb. f. No description of this plant
 
−
 
 
−
is available. Many other varieties appear under Latin names.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia Perrinii (Cattleya Perrinii ). Pseudobulbs elongate: lvs. solitary, oblong, coriaceous, 8 in. long, equaling the st.: fls. showy, 2-3 on a short stalk:
 
−
 
 
−
sepals oblong-linear, obtuse; petals a little broader, all rose-purple, darker at the tips; middle lobe of labellum cucullate, expanded, oblong, obtuse,
 
−
 
 
−
undulate, with an inflated fistular cavity at the base, destitute of ridges, color deep crimson: lateral lobes erect, acute, pale. Oct.-Dec. Brazil. B.M.
 
−
 
 
−
3711 (as L. intermedia var. angustifolia). B.R. 24:2. P.M. 13:5. G.M. 37:717. A.F. 13:1196: 31:470.—Fls. rather pale. Var. alba, O'Brien. Fls. white,
 
−
 
 
−
labellum tinged with yellow. There are several pale varieties of this plant.
 
−
 
 
−
Group IV
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia monophylla, N. E. Br. Rhizome a matted mass sending up tufts of lf.- and fl.-sts.: flowering sts. 6-10 in. long, as thick as a crow-quill, rigid and  
 
−
 
 
−
erect, bearing a single linear-oblong, obtuse lf. 2-3 in. long, and several sheathing bracts; fls. 1-2 in. across, vivid orange-scarlet; sepals and petals
 
−
 
 
−
similar, spreading, oblong, subacute; labellum very small, lateral lobes embracing the column, terminal minute papillose on the disk. Mountains of
 
−
 
 
−
Jamaica, growing on trees at elevations of 3,000-5,000 ft. B.M. 6683.
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia harpophylla, Hybrid much like L. cinnabarina. Pseudobulbs slender, about 10 in. long, each bearing a single lance-linear If.: raceme short,
 
−
 
 
−
suberect, bearing 5-10 brilliant scarlet-orange fls.; sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, acute; middle lobe linear, acuminate, crisp, with a whitish spot.
 
−
 
 
−
A luxuriant free-flowering species. Feb..March. Brazil. Gn. 24:116. F.M. 1879:372. J.H. III. 43:283.—Probably a hybrid between L. cinnabarina and a
 
−
 
 
−
Brassavola(?)
 
−
 
 
−
Laelia cinnabarina, Fig. 2058. Pseudobulbs elongate, cylindrical,but broadest at the base, sheathed with scales, bearing 1-2 linear-oblong, reflexed,  
 
−
 
 
−
acute, coriaceous lvs.: raceme terminal, erect, 15-20 in. long, with 4—5 medium-sized reddish orange fls.; sepals and petals linear-oblong, obtuse,
 
−
 
 
−
spreading; labellum convolute, reflexed; lateral lobes acute, middle lobe large, oval, crisp. Brazil. B.M.4302. P.M. 7:193. O.R. 20:361. —A
 
−
 
 
−
summer-flowering species whose peculiar color and graceful habit render it very ornamental. Var. crispilabia (L. crispilabia,  L. Lawrenciana ). Fls.
 
−
 
 
−
amethyst-purple; labellum darker, finely crisp and undulate: raceme 12-14 in. long, bearing 3-5 fls. A pretty, free-flowering variety.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
}}
 
−
{{Taxobox
 
−
| color = lightgreen
 
−
| name = ''Laelia''
 
−
| image = Laelia-anceps.jpg
 
−
| image_width = 250px
 
−
| image_caption = ''[[Laelia anceps]]''
 
−
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
−
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
 
−
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
 
−
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
 
−
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
 
−
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
 
−
| tribus = [[Epidendreae]]
 
−
| subtribus = [[Laeliinae]]
 
−
| alliance = Cattleya
 
−
| genus = '''''Laelia'''''
 
−
| genus_authority = [[Lindley|Lindl.]], 1831
 
−
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
 
−
| subdivision =
 
−
See text.
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
'''''Laelia''''' is a small genus of eleven species from the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]). This is one of the most important and popular orchid genera, because of the beautiful flowers, their genetic properties and because they are fairly easy in culture. It is probably named after Laelia, one of the [[Vestal Virgin]]s. Another possibility is the name borne by female members of the Roman [[patrician]] family of Laelius.
+
==Cultivation==
−
 
+
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
−
They are found in the subtropical or temperate climate of [[Central America]], but mostly in [[Mexico]]. ''Laelia speciosa'' is a high-elevation plant, preferring sunny, dry and cool conditions. The others grow in the rainforest with a warm, humid summer and a dry cool winter. The species ''L. albida'', ''L. anceps'' and ''L. autumnalis'' prefer higher and cooler altitudes.
 
−
 
 
−
Most are [[epiphyte]]s, but a few are [[lithophyte]]s, such as'' Laelia anceps''. They are closely related to ''Cattleya'' with only the number of [[pollinium|pollinia]] differing.  [[Plant stem|Stems]] are usually short, however the stem of ''Laelia anceps'' can be more than 1 m long. The ovate [[pseudobulb]]s are clearly separate. These are about 6 - 30 cm long. One or two waxy, leathery [[leaf|leaves]] develop from each pseudobulb. This leaf can be up to 20 cm long. The inflorescence is a raceme, which can be 30 cm long, with up to eight flowers, growing from the top of the pseudobulb. These [[flower]]s can be pink to purple, with a beautifully colored purple lip becoming white close to the [[column (botany)|column]] . They bloom in spring or autumn. [[Albino]] varieties are rare and therefore prized. ''Don't worry if you think you'll never own an albino Laelia. Due to tissue culture or mericloning, the availability of albinos are now available provided you find the right lab''
 
−
 
 
−
Members of this genus tend to be fairly easy in culture, and some plants are surprisingly drought-tolerant. Culture is highly dependent upon the natural habitat of the species in question, although many do well as mounted (plaqued) specimens so that the roots receive plenty of air circulation and a sharp wet-and-dry cycle.
 
  
−
Many species from South America, which used to belong to ''Laelia'', are now classified under ''[[Sophronitis]]'' (van den Berg and Chase ''Lindleyana'' 15 (2), page 115, June 2000). The taxonomic status of some of these species is somewhat in doubt as they were moved there on the basis of [[molecular phylogeny]]. It seems likely that some growers and taxonomists will reject these changes, and continue to accept these "Sophronitis" species as laelias.
+
===Propagation===
 +
{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
−
''Laelia'' species readily form [[hybrid]]s within the genus, and with other genera, including ''[[Cattleya]]'' (x Laeliocattleya, more than 2,000 species), ''[[Brassavola]]'', ''[[Rhyncholaelia]]'', and ''[[Sophronitis]]''. The majority of orchid hybrids belong to this category, i.e. x Sophrolaeliocattleya, x Brassolaeliocattleya and a number of other variations.
+
===Pests and diseases===
 +
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
 
== Species ==
 
== Species ==
Line 515: Line 84:
 
*''[[Laelia speciosa]]''  (Kunth) Schltr., 1914 : '''Mayflower orchid''' (Mexico).
 
*''[[Laelia speciosa]]''  (Kunth) Schltr., 1914 : '''Mayflower orchid''' (Mexico).
  
−
==[[Synonymy]]==
+
==Gallery==
−
The genus '''''Amalia''''' <small>[[Rchb.]]</small> is generally included here.
+
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
 +
 
 +
<gallery>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
 +
 
 +
==References==
 +
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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{{Commons|Laelia}}
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Latest revision as of 18:02, 7 May 2009


Laelia anceps


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Orchidaceae >

Laelia >



Read about Laelia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Laelia (meaning uncertain). Orchidaceae. A useful and attractive group of orchids, mostly with large, showy flowers borne singly or in two- to many-flowered racemes, which arise from the top of one- to two- leaved pseudobulbs. The plants greatly resemble cattleyas and differ only by the presence of eight perfect pollen masses instead of four.

Leaves oblong, coriaceous or fleshy, not plicate: pseudobulbs terminating the annual growth, ovate, clavate, fusiform or st.-like, long or short, consisting of 1 to several thickened internodes, or of slender and quill-like form with merely a small bulbous swelling at base, sheathed with scales and bearing 1 or 2 lvs. at the summit: sepals subequal, free, spreading; petals wider and sometimes longer, spreading; all usually plane; labellum free from the base of the column, more or less distinctly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes short, erect, folding over the column; middle lobe long, expanded, lanceolate-ovate, etc.; column concave in front, and thus narrowly 2-winged on the edges; pollinia 8, 4 in each locule; scape terminal, long or short, bracted.— About 30 species, dispersed in the maritime provinces of Mex. and Guatemala and in S. Brazil. No species is common to the two widely separated regions. A single species, L. monophylla, inhabits the mountains of Jamaica. In their native homes the plants are often found clinging to bare rocks and trees, where they are exposed to the full force of the tropical sun, and, in the wet season, to daily drenching rains. Some of the species grow at great altitudes. Thus, L. autumnalis var. furfuracea, is always found in alpine regions at elevations of 7,500-8,500 ft

Laelia may be conveniently divided into groups, as follows:

Group I (species 1-10).—Pseudobulbs rounded, pyriform or ovate. The plants of this section are medium- sized, with the pseudobulbs terminating each year's growth, sessile at intervals on the rhizome, and sheathed at least at first with bract-lvs. The scape, except in L. grandiflora, is long and slender, erect, nodding or sub- horizontal, and bears at its end 1 or 2 fls. (L. anceps), or a raceme of 2-7 fls. (L. albida). L. grandiflora, placed here on account of its thickened pseudobulbs, bears greater resemblance to the members of the next group.

Group II (species 11-13).—Pseudobulbs short-cylindrical, st.-like, or swollen-jointed, i. e., consisting of several internodes and sheathed with bracts. These plants are of dwarf habit, bearing 1-2 very large fls. on short scapes, so that the top of the fl. scarcely exceeds the lvs., which are oblong, about 6 in. long, and leathery.

Group III (species 14-23).—Pseudobulbs long- oblong, fusiform or clavate, tapering below to a sheathed and jointed stalk. This group contains the largest and most showy laelias. The pseudobulbous sts. are tall and tufted, a foot or more in length, forming robust, compact, almost bushy plants. The flowering sts. of L. superbiens are said to attain a height of 12 ft. The racemes bear 3-7 large, handsome fls.

Group IV (species 24-26).—Pseudobulbs slender, reed-like and tufted. clothed with scales and often somewhat swollen at base. This group includes a few species which are very distinct on account of their bright scarlet or orange-colored fls. and slender, reed-like pseudobulbs. L. monophylla is perhaps the smallest of all laelias, being scarcely over 6 in. high, with pseudobulbs about as thick as a crow-quill. One variety of L, cinnabarina has purple fls.

Cultivation of laelias. (E. O. Orpet.)

These orchids have ever held an important place in gardens, and were it not for the trifling generic distinction of having double the number of pollen-masses of the cattleya, they would have been known as a part of the last named, the ease with which both have been hybridized even from the beginning proving the close affinity; and one authority at least is willing to merge the two, were it not for the mixing up it would cause in garden nomenclature. The Brazilian species, L. purpurata and L. crispa, are strikingly beautiful, easy of culture, and are long-lived in gardens. These were the first to be used by the hybridist, and the multiple crosses made since, with the later addition of L. tenebrosa, show evidence of the gorgeous coloring of the labellum due to the laelia parentage.

It has always been the impression that the Brazilian laelias require very much warmth to enable them to grow well. This has been proved to be an error, as stronger growth is made in an intermediate temperature. The plants get an absolute rest in winter, flower better and grow stronger when kept at a temperature of about 50° in winter.

The Mexican kinds that mostly flower in midwinter, such as L. anceps and its white forms, will do equally well in a similar house, but are best grown outdoors in summer in the partial shade of overhanging trees, giving a spraying of water overhead at evening of each hot day. This has been found to be the only way to get the white forms to bloom freely, as they need special treatment and thorough ripening to secure good results. Removal indoors should take place before frost; cool nights seem to invigorate them, but while they experience slight frosts in Mexican uplands, it is harmful here. These laelias make an abundance of roots, and the plants should be kept off the ground to avoid the danger of slugs. If these gain access, soak the pots or baskets in water for an hour and the slugs will appear and can be caught.

The repotting of laelias must be done in early spring, or just before the appearance of the new bunches of roots at the base of the growths. Native-born species have a regular way of living, but the hybrids have a go-as-you-please habit, due perhaps to their mixed origin, that makes the repotting an operation that lasts throughout the year. Flowers are produced at all seasons, while, with introduced plants, their blooming is as fixed as the days of the year. This makes it hard to make a rule when to repot or separate plants; but, should the roots begin to get outside the receptacle, it is wise to give the plants more space. Good firm osmundine is the best material, as these are strictly epiphytal plants. Imported specimens are received with mats of dwarf polypodium attached, and these often grow with the plants in cultivation, giving a clue to the best way to treat them afterward. The other Mexican species, L. Gouldiana, L. autumnalis and L. albida, are not so durable in gardens as some others. They are most valuable midwinter-flowering orchids; they need similar culture as that given to L. anceps, but have to be replaced by new specimens after a few years, as they are not permanent.

There are many pretty dwarf-growing species, L. praestans, L. Dayana, L. pumila, L. grandiflora, L. Jongheana and others, that require extra care to keep them in health, and this care is largely in the matter of moisture. The plants are small, need shallow pans and to be suspended close to the roof glass where they dry out speedily, and unless moisture is given regularly, the health of the plants soon weakens. The drying out is desirable, for the plants experience this on rocks or trees in their native habitat, but there they have the benefit of the night dews that amount to a shower of moisture; this is easily imitated by spraying over the plants each dry evening. The roots will take this up during the night, and be fortified for the succeeding day. If one examines the aerial roots of L. anceps, they will be found to be in segments, some longer than others, the longer ones being those formed on a dull or wet day when evaporation was slower and the tender- growing tips could grow longer. This is suggestive in a cultural way. The following names must be sought under Laeliocattleya: L. amanda, Brysiana, Dominiana, Dormaniana, elegans, ezoniensis, Nyleptha, prasiata, Schilleriana, Turneri.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Laelia gouldiana

Gallery

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References

External links


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