Difference between revisions of "Begonia"

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
 
 
| name = ''Begonia''
 
| name = ''Begonia''
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| image = B. aconitifolia JV 250x242.jpg
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| common_names = Begonia
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| image_width = 250px
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| growth_habit = herbaceous (shrubby, trailing)
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| image_caption = ''Begonia aconitifolia''
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| high = small to ?m (8 ft)
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| ordo = [[Cucurbitales]]
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| lifespan = perennial
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| familia = [[Begoniaceae]]
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| exposure = part-sun, part-shade best{{SSN}}
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| genus = '''''Begonia'''''
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| water = moist soil{{SSN}}
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| subdivision =  
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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About 1500 species; see text
+
| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
 +
| sunset_zones = 14-28 except as noted
 +
| color = IndianRed
 +
| image = Begonia-IMG_0089sm.jpg
 +
| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 +
| image_caption = Flowering begonias
 +
| regnum = Plantae
 +
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
 +
| classis = Magnoliopsida
 +
| ordo = Cucurbitales
 +
| familia = Begoniaceae
 +
| genus = Begonia
 +
| species =  
 +
| subspecies =  
 +
| cultivar =  
 
}}
 
}}
 +
{{Inc|
 +
BEGONIA (named after Michel Begon, superintendent at St. Domingo, 1638-1710, a French promoter of botany). Beganiacese. Beoonia. Elephant's Ear. Beefsteak Geranium. A various group, ranging from hothouse to conservatory and window-garden subjects, many of them grown primarily for foliage, others for the showy bloom; treated mostly as single pot specimens, but some kinds used for bedding.{{SCH}}
  
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'''Begonia''' is a [[genus]] in the [[flowering plant]] family [[Begoniaceae]].  The only other member of the family Begoniaceae is ''[[Hillebrandia]]'', a genus with a single species in the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. The genus ''Symbegonia'' is now included in ''Begonia''. "Begonia" is the common name as well as the generic name for all members of the genus.
+
More or less sappy or succulent herbs or undershrubs, having the st. in some cases reduced to a thick rhizome, in others to a distinct small tuber, while a few others possess a semi-tuber in which there are a number of closely set scales or suppressed Ivs.. resembling bulbs: lvs. variable, alternate, more or less unequal-sided, entire, or lobed, or toothed, ovate-acuminate, orbicular or peltate: fls. monoscious (bisexual variations are known: Dummer; Annals Bot. xxvi. 1123), asymmetrical, usually in axillary cymes, the males usually with 4 parts, of which 2 arc mostly small, the females with 5 (rarely 2), pink, white, rose, scarlet, yellow, and all shades of these, being represented; stamens numerous: filaments free or united at the base; styles 2 or 4, free, sometimes connate; stigmas branched or twisted like a corkscrew; ovary inferior: fr. usually a 1— 3-winged caps., which is often colored; seed numerous, very minute.—The genus Begonia, with 400-500 species in warm countries around the globe, gives the name and definition to the Begoniaceic. Only three other genera are recognized: Hillebrandia, with 1 species in Hawaii; Symbegonia, 1 little-known species in New Guinea; Begoniella, 3 species in Colombia. The begonias are exceedingly variable, the genus running into about 60 well-marked sections, but the inter- gradations are so many and the essential floral characters so constant that it is impracticable to break up the great group into separate genera.{{SCH}}
  
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With ca. 1500+ species, ''Begonia'' is one of the ten largest [[angiosperm]] genera. The species are terrestrial (sometimes [[epiphytic]]) [[herb]]s or undershrubs and occur in subtropical and tropical moist climates, in [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]], [[Africa]] and southern [[Asia]]. Terrestrial species in the wild are commonly upright-[[plant stem|stemmed]], [[rhizomatous]], or [[tuberous]]. The plants are [[monoecious]], with unisexual male and female flowers occurring separately on the same plant, the male containing numerous [[stamen]]s, the female having a large inferior [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] and two to four branched or twisted [[Carpel|stigma]]s. In most species the [[fruit]] is a winged [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing numerous minute seeds, although [[baccate]] fruits are also known. The [[leaf|leaves]], which are often large and variously marked or variegated, are usually asymmetric (unequal-sided).
+
The begonia is one of the great groups of cultivated . ornamental plants. Very many species have been introduced, and there are numberless hybrids and variations. The most popular single begonia is now probably the wonderfully floriferous Gloire de Lorraine (Fig. 505). The foliage begonias are of many original kinds, and the numerous hybrids and variations have given great choice to the cultivator. B. Rex is the chief basis of the foliage races. Many cultivators are unaware of the possibilities of the Rex derivatives, because they grow them in pots (for commerce) on benches, whereas the singular and characteristic results are secured by growing them in the earth against greenhouse walk or in rock pockets below the benches.{{SCH}}
  
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Because of their sometimes showy flowers of white, pink, scarlet or yellow color and often attractively marked leaves, many species and innumerable [[hybrid]]s and [[cultivar]]s are cultivated. The genus is unusual in that species throughout the genus, even those coming from different continents, can frequently be hybridized with each other, and this has led to an enormous number of cultivars. The American Begonia Society classifies begonias into several major groups: cane-like, shrub-like, tuberous, rhizomatous, semperflorens, rex, trailing-scandent, or thick-stemmed. For the most part these groups do not correspond to any formal taxonomic groupings or phylogeny and many species and hybrids have characteristics of more than one group, or fit well into none of them.
+
Because of the great numbers of interesting forms, begonias have appealed strongly to collectors and fanciers. In recent years, however, the collections have been passing out in the large private places; and most dealers now carry only a few standard kinds (mostly modified cultivated forms), in addition to the florists' bedding and garden sorts and a general mixed stock of tuberous kinds. The following botanical account, therefore, does not accurately represent the present state of the begonia trade. It is to be regretted that the fanciers' collections are not kept; and it is partly in the hope that the desire for collections will return that this rather full treatment is given of the main species and stem-groups now in cultivation.{{SCH}}
  
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The genus name honors [[Michel Bégon]], a French patron of [[botany]].
+
The foliage begonias of the Rex type are subject to an insidious disorder, affecting the leaves and eventually the entire plant. The remedy seems to be to discard all suspected stock and to propagate from wholly healthy plants, or to' grow them out of it by planting them in a shaded airy greenhouse bench for a summer and potting again in fall.{{SCH}}
  
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===Cultivation===
+
The interest in begonias centers in their use as ornamental subjects. It is said that the stalks of some of the species arc used as the leaf-stalks of rhubarb are used. The rhizomes of many species, particularly those from South America, are bitter and astringent and are employed locally for certain fevers and for syphilis. Some species contain purgative principles.{{SCH}}
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[[Image:Begonia-IMG_0089sm.jpg|left|thumb|Flowering begonias]]
 
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The different groups of begonias have different cultural requirements but most species come from tropical regions and therefore they and their hybrids require warm temperatures. Most are forest understory plants and require bright shade; few will tolerate full sun, especially in warmer climates. In general, begonias require a well-drained growing medium that is neither constantly wet nor allowed to dry out completely. Many begonias will grow and flower year-round but tuberous begonias usually have a dormant period, during which the tubers can be stored in a cool and dry place.
 
  
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[[Image:Yellow_begonia.jpg|right|thumb|Begonia cultivars come in many different colours, such as yellow.]]
+
The first begonia was introduced into England in 1777, B. nitida. Since then, about 200 have proved of value to the horticulturist. Few other plants have been improved or varied so rapidly, there being thousands of variations now in cultivation, displaying the most gorgeous colors in their flowers and beautiful coloring in their leaves. The development of the modern race of hybrid tuberous begonias followed the introduction of B. Veitchii, B. rosxflora, B. Davisii, B. bolivi- ensis, B. Pearcei and others after 1860. The geographical distribution of begonias is very disjunctive and localized. They are indigenous to Mexico, Central and South America, Asia, and South Africa. They seem to have no genetic relationship with other plants now living. {{SCH}}
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Begonias of the semperflorens group are frequently grown as bedding plants outdoors. A recent group of hybrids derived from this group is marketed as "Dragonwing Begonias"; they are much larger both in leaf and in flower. Tuberous begonias are frequently used as container plants. Although most ''Begonia'' species are tropical or subtropical in origin, the Chinese species ''B. grandis'' is hardy to USDA [[hardiness zone]] 6 and is commonly known as the "hardy begonia". Most begonias can be grown outdoors year-round in subtropical or tropical climates, but in temperate climates begonias are grown outdoors as annuals, or as house or greenhouse plants.
+
}}
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 +
==Cultivation==
 +
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 +
 
 +
===Propagation===
 +
Most are easily propagated from either leaf, stem or rhizome cuttings.  You can also grow them from the tiny, dust-like seed.
 +
 
 +
===Pests and diseases===
 +
{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
 +
 
 +
==Types==
 +
Below is a breakout of begonia varieties by growth habit and care needs{{SSN}}.
 +
<gallery>
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Hardy begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Cane-type begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Hiemalis begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Multiflora begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Rex begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Rhizomatous begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Semperflorens begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Shrublike begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Trailing or climbing begonias]]
 +
[[Image:Upload.png|thumb| Tuberous begonias]]
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
=== Hardy begonias===
 +
B. grandis (B. evansiana, B. grandis evansiana) is the one species in this group, which is much hardier to cold.  Sunset zones 3-33. Tuber.  2-3 ft high. {{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
=== Cane-type begonias===
 +
Stems are tall and woody, with bamboo-like joints.  Includes "angel-wing" begonias.  Some reach over 5ft.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
*[[Begoni 'Irene Nuss'|B. 'Irene Nuss']]
 +
 
 +
=== Hiemalis begonias===
 +
More often sold as Rieger begonias.  Plants are compact and bushy.  Blooms profusely.  Great indoors or out.  Average flower size is 2in.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
=== Multiflora begonias===
 +
Bushy plants are 1-1.5 feet and compact.  Care is same as for tuberous begonias.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
=== Rex begonias===
 +
Leaves are multicolored with bold patterns.  Prefer high humidity.  Have rhizomes, but are treated separately than rhizomatous begonias. {{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
=== Rhizomatous begonias===
 +
Mostly grown for foliage, but produce attractive flowers.  Group includes "star begonias", named for the shape of their leaves.  Good house plants.  Enjoy window light, only need water when top inch of soil dries out.  Grow in wide, shallow pots.  Blooms winter through summer.  Flowers are white or pink.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
*[[Begoni masoniana|B. masoniana]] - Iron Cross Begonia.  
 +
 
 +
=== Semperflorens begonias===
 +
Bedding begonias, also known as fibrous begonias.  Small plants reach 6-12 inches. Many small flowers.  Blooms spring through fall.  Foliage green, bronze or red, and may be variegated.  Grown in sun in cool climates, shade in very hot climates.  Dark leaved varieties can grow in the sun even in hot sunny areas when well watered.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
=== Shrublike begonias===
 +
Multiple soft green stems.  Both foliage and flowers are attractive.  Very interesting leaves may be textured, hairy or feltlike. May be bushy or more trailing.  May bloom any time.  Red, white, peach or pink flowers.  May reach 8 feet.  Require ample water.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
*[[Begonia 'Digswelliana'|B. 'Digswelliana']]
 +
*[[Begoni foliosa|B. foliosa]]
 +
*[[Begoni 'Richmondensis'|B. 'Richmondensis']]
 +
 
 +
=== Trailing or climbing begonias===
 +
Depedning on your training, these begonias will trail or climb.  Great for hanging baskets.  Good in ground where protected.  Care is the same as for tuberous begonias.  Blooms sporadically when temperatures are warm.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
*[[Begoni solananthera|B. solananthera]]
 +
 
 +
=== Tuberous begonias===
 +
Florists begonias.  Very large bloomed hybrids, grow from tubers.  Flowers may reach saucer-size.  Some grow upright, others droop and do better in hanging baskets. With few exceptions they bloom in summer and fall.  Flowers come in red, orange, yellow, pink, white and some pastels.  Prefer filtered shade and moderate humidity.  Mist in dry climates.  Susceptible to powdery mildew.  Leaves will yellow and wilt in fall.  When stems fall off on their own, take out tubers, shake off dirt gently, dry under sun for a few days and sore in a cool dry place until spring planting time when small pink buds become visible.  Small seedlings and tubers are found for sale in spring at nurseries. Plants are sold as either hanging or upright.{{SSN}}
 +
 
 +
==Gallery==
 +
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
 +
 
 +
<gallery>
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 1
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 +
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 +
</gallery>
  
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[[Image:Begonia 'Parviflora' Leaf 3000px.jpg|left
+
==References==
−
|thumb|A Begonia leaf]]
+
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
−
Most begonias are easily propagated by division or from stem cuttings. In addition, many can be propagated from leaf cuttings or even sections of leaves, particularly the members of the rhizomatous and rex groups.
+
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 +
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 +
*Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608
  
−
The cultivar [[Kimjongilia]] is a floral emblem of [[North Korea]].
+
==External links==
 +
*{{wplink}}
  
−
==References and external links==
+
{{stub}}
−
{{commonscat|Begoniaceae}}
+
[[Category:Categorize]]
−
*{{1911}}
 
−
*[http://www.begonias.org American Begonia Society]
 
−
*[http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-abstract&issn=0363-6445&volume=028&issue=04&page=0693 Phylogenetic Relationships of the Afro-Malagasy Members of the Large Genus ''Begonia'' Inferred from trnL Intron Sequences]
 
−
*[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aspt/sb/2005/00000030/00000003/art00017 A Phylogeny of ''Begonia'' Using Nuclear Ribosomal Sequence Data and Morphological Characters]
 
−
*[http://www.springerlink.com/(vylxjw45gax3bqakqnuvoy45)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,5,12;journal,29,1501;linkingpublicationresults,1:104878,1  A recircumscription of Begonia based on nuclear ribosomal sequences]
 
  
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[[Category:Cucurbitales]]
+
<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Garden plants]]
 
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[[Category:Flowers]]
 

Revision as of 23:05, 2 June 2009


Flowering begonias


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ part-sun, [[Exposure::part-shade bestsn]]
Water: ◍ [[Water::moist soilsn]]
Sunset Zones: 14-28 except as noted
Scientific Names

Begoniaceae >

Begonia >



Read about Begonia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

BEGONIA (named after Michel Begon, superintendent at St. Domingo, 1638-1710, a French promoter of botany). Beganiacese. Beoonia. Elephant's Ear. Beefsteak Geranium. A various group, ranging from hothouse to conservatory and window-garden subjects, many of them grown primarily for foliage, others for the showy bloom; treated mostly as single pot specimens, but some kinds used for bedding.CH

More or less sappy or succulent herbs or undershrubs, having the st. in some cases reduced to a thick rhizome, in others to a distinct small tuber, while a few others possess a semi-tuber in which there are a number of closely set scales or suppressed Ivs.. resembling bulbs: lvs. variable, alternate, more or less unequal-sided, entire, or lobed, or toothed, ovate-acuminate, orbicular or peltate: fls. monoscious (bisexual variations are known: Dummer; Annals Bot. xxvi. 1123), asymmetrical, usually in axillary cymes, the males usually with 4 parts, of which 2 arc mostly small, the females with 5 (rarely 2), pink, white, rose, scarlet, yellow, and all shades of these, being represented; stamens numerous: filaments free or united at the base; styles 2 or 4, free, sometimes connate; stigmas branched or twisted like a corkscrew; ovary inferior: fr. usually a 1— 3-winged caps., which is often colored; seed numerous, very minute.—The genus Begonia, with 400-500 species in warm countries around the globe, gives the name and definition to the Begoniaceic. Only three other genera are recognized: Hillebrandia, with 1 species in Hawaii; Symbegonia, 1 little-known species in New Guinea; Begoniella, 3 species in Colombia. The begonias are exceedingly variable, the genus running into about 60 well-marked sections, but the inter- gradations are so many and the essential floral characters so constant that it is impracticable to break up the great group into separate genera.CH

The begonia is one of the great groups of cultivated . ornamental plants. Very many species have been introduced, and there are numberless hybrids and variations. The most popular single begonia is now probably the wonderfully floriferous Gloire de Lorraine (Fig. 505). The foliage begonias are of many original kinds, and the numerous hybrids and variations have given great choice to the cultivator. B. Rex is the chief basis of the foliage races. Many cultivators are unaware of the possibilities of the Rex derivatives, because they grow them in pots (for commerce) on benches, whereas the singular and characteristic results are secured by growing them in the earth against greenhouse walk or in rock pockets below the benches.CH

Because of the great numbers of interesting forms, begonias have appealed strongly to collectors and fanciers. In recent years, however, the collections have been passing out in the large private places; and most dealers now carry only a few standard kinds (mostly modified cultivated forms), in addition to the florists' bedding and garden sorts and a general mixed stock of tuberous kinds. The following botanical account, therefore, does not accurately represent the present state of the begonia trade. It is to be regretted that the fanciers' collections are not kept; and it is partly in the hope that the desire for collections will return that this rather full treatment is given of the main species and stem-groups now in cultivation.CH

The foliage begonias of the Rex type are subject to an insidious disorder, affecting the leaves and eventually the entire plant. The remedy seems to be to discard all suspected stock and to propagate from wholly healthy plants, or to' grow them out of it by planting them in a shaded airy greenhouse bench for a summer and potting again in fall.CH

The interest in begonias centers in their use as ornamental subjects. It is said that the stalks of some of the species arc used as the leaf-stalks of rhubarb are used. The rhizomes of many species, particularly those from South America, are bitter and astringent and are employed locally for certain fevers and for syphilis. Some species contain purgative principles.CH

The first begonia was introduced into England in 1777, B. nitida. Since then, about 200 have proved of value to the horticulturist. Few other plants have been improved or varied so rapidly, there being thousands of variations now in cultivation, displaying the most gorgeous colors in their flowers and beautiful coloring in their leaves. The development of the modern race of hybrid tuberous begonias followed the introduction of B. Veitchii, B. rosxflora, B. Davisii, B. bolivi- ensis, B. Pearcei and others after 1860. The geographical distribution of begonias is very disjunctive and localized. They are indigenous to Mexico, Central and South America, Asia, and South Africa. They seem to have no genetic relationship with other plants now living. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Most are easily propagated from either leaf, stem or rhizome cuttings. You can also grow them from the tiny, dust-like seed.

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Types

Below is a breakout of begonia varieties by growth habit and care needssn.

Hardy begonias

B. grandis (B. evansiana, B. grandis evansiana) is the one species in this group, which is much hardier to cold. Sunset zones 3-33. Tuber. 2-3 ft high. sn

Cane-type begonias

Stems are tall and woody, with bamboo-like joints. Includes "angel-wing" begonias. Some reach over 5ft.sn

Hiemalis begonias

More often sold as Rieger begonias. Plants are compact and bushy. Blooms profusely. Great indoors or out. Average flower size is 2in.sn

Multiflora begonias

Bushy plants are 1-1.5 feet and compact. Care is same as for tuberous begonias.sn

Rex begonias

Leaves are multicolored with bold patterns. Prefer high humidity. Have rhizomes, but are treated separately than rhizomatous begonias. sn

Rhizomatous begonias

Mostly grown for foliage, but produce attractive flowers. Group includes "star begonias", named for the shape of their leaves. Good house plants. Enjoy window light, only need water when top inch of soil dries out. Grow in wide, shallow pots. Blooms winter through summer. Flowers are white or pink.sn

Semperflorens begonias

Bedding begonias, also known as fibrous begonias. Small plants reach 6-12 inches. Many small flowers. Blooms spring through fall. Foliage green, bronze or red, and may be variegated. Grown in sun in cool climates, shade in very hot climates. Dark leaved varieties can grow in the sun even in hot sunny areas when well watered.sn

Shrublike begonias

Multiple soft green stems. Both foliage and flowers are attractive. Very interesting leaves may be textured, hairy or feltlike. May be bushy or more trailing. May bloom any time. Red, white, peach or pink flowers. May reach 8 feet. Require ample water.sn

Trailing or climbing begonias

Depedning on your training, these begonias will trail or climb. Great for hanging baskets. Good in ground where protected. Care is the same as for tuberous begonias. Blooms sporadically when temperatures are warm.sn

Tuberous begonias

Florists begonias. Very large bloomed hybrids, grow from tubers. Flowers may reach saucer-size. Some grow upright, others droop and do better in hanging baskets. With few exceptions they bloom in summer and fall. Flowers come in red, orange, yellow, pink, white and some pastels. Prefer filtered shade and moderate humidity. Mist in dry climates. Susceptible to powdery mildew. Leaves will yellow and wilt in fall. When stems fall off on their own, take out tubers, shake off dirt gently, dry under sun for a few days and sore in a cool dry place until spring planting time when small pink buds become visible. Small seedlings and tubers are found for sale in spring at nurseries. Plants are sold as either hanging or upright.sn

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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