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Catasetum (view source)

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Catasetum''
 
| name = ''Catasetum''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Catasetum-saccatum.jpg
 
| image = Catasetum-saccatum.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = ''Catasetum saccatum''
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| image_caption = Catasetum saccatum
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
   
| tribus = Cymbidieae
 
| tribus = Cymbidieae
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| subtribus = Catasetinae
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| genus = Catasetum
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| genus = '''''Catasetum'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Louis Claude Richard|Rich.]] ex [[Carl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text.
   
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Catasetum (Greek for downward or backward, and bristle). Orchidaceae. Epiphytic or terrestrial orchids, requiring hothouse conditions.
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'''''Catasetum''''' Rich. ex Kunth 1822, is a [[genus]] of the [[Orchid]] family ([[Orchidaceae]]), subfamily [[Epidendroideae]], tribe Cymbidieae, subtribe Catasetinae, with 166 species.
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Stems short fusiform: lvs. plaited, membranaceous: scapes basal; fls. in racemes, globose or expanded; labellum fleshy; column erect, provided with sensitive appendages which, when touched, cause the pollen- masses to fly out; pollinia 2. The genus includes Monachanthus and Myanthus.—There are about 50 or 60 species in the American tropics.
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Species of the genus ''Catasetum'' occur from [[Mexico]] to tropical America, with the majority in [[Brazil]].  
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The flowers are in racemes or spikes, firm in texture, and white or in shades of green, yellow, brown or purple. Catasetums are not much cultivated, since most of the species are not showy, but they are interesting to the botanist and amateur because of the striking ejection of the pollen-masses. Gardeners often have trouble with catasetums, but they are not difficult to grow if given good care. They need a high temperature, long period of rest, and free supply of water during the growing season. They are grown in both pots and baskets. Readily propagated by dividing the plants at the base; also from very ripe pseudobulbs cut in pieces and put in sand. For culture, see Orchids.
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They have thick, cigar-shaped [[pseudobulb]]s which are clustered. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are pleated in the upper part and deciduous. The pseudobulbs become spiny after the leaves have dropped.  
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C. barbatum, Lindl. Fls. green, blotched with purple. Guiana. —C. callosum, Lindl. Odd: fls. with chocolate-brown, narrow-lanceolate sepals and petals; lip greenish, speckled with red. Venezuela. B.M. 4219, 6648.—C. Christyanum, Reichb. f. Sepals and petals usually chocolate; lip greenish yellow, purple fringed. S. Amer.(?). G.C. III. 18:617. B.M. 8007.—C. Classianum, Lind. & Cogn. Fls. greenish yellow; lip fringed along sides. Brazil. G.C. III. 44:211.—C. Cliftonii, Hort. Probably a form of C. Bungerothii. G.M. 54:593 (desc.).—C. Colmaniae, Hort. Fine yellow fl. with 3-lobed lip stained with deep crimson.-C. discolor, Lindl. Fls. purple. An old sort, now rarely seen. Brazil.—C. ebureum, Rolfe.
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The [[inflorescence]] is borne on the basis. It consists of very fleshy [[flower]]s that are unisexual, which is exceptional for orchids. The colorful male and yellowish-green female flowers are typically situated on different plants. Which type of flower a plant produces is determined by the conditions under which it grows. There are rare cases in which a single plant in intermediate conditions will produce both male and female flowers. These flowers are markedly different in size and color. At first, taxonomists even thought they were dealing with different species. The male flowers have a remarkable technique for the ejection of the [[Pollinium|pollinia]].
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Fls. ivory-white; sac of lip deep yellow. Colombia—C. Garnettianum, Rolfe. Allied to C. barbatum. Fls. small; sepals and petals very narrow, green, with large bars of red-brown; lip white, fringed. Amazon. B.M. 7069.—C. imperiale, Lind.& Cogn. Sepals and petals ovate-acute, white, purple-spotted; lip orbicular-cordate, purple in center and white-margined. G.C. III. 17:329. S.H. 1, p. 369. J.H.III. 30: 25-C. labiatum, Rodr. Scapes  1½ ft . long, the male 10-fld., female 2 -fld. Organ Mts. C. Lindeni, Cogn. Fls. large (as of C. Bungerothii); sepals and petals yellow, with purplish spots and bars; lip yellow, spotted at base. G.C. III. 17: 329. S.H. 1, p. 369.—C. maculatum, Kunth. Sepals acuminate, spotted with claret; petals broader, red-blotched; lip yellowish green outside, dark brown within. Colombia and Nicaragua.—C. mirabile, Cogn. Fls. very large, the sepals and petals oblong-lanceolate, and yellowish, with purple spots and bars: lip kidney-shaped, bright yellow with 2 purple spots, toothed. G.C. III. 17: 329. S.H. 1, p. 369.—C. monodon, Kranzl. Spike long with 6-8 greenish fls.; lip flat, with fringes along border. Brazil. G.C. III. 35:354 (desc.).—C .pileatum, Reichb., var. aureum, Hort. Fls. creamy white, shaded with greenish yellow. G.M. 47:829, 831.— C. quadridens, Rolfe. Fls. with pair of short, acute teeth situated at lower angles of abortive stigma.—C. Rhamphastos, Hort. Raceme few-fld., up to 10 in. long; fls. pale green. Andes of Colombia.—C. Scurra, Reichb. f. Compact: fls. fragrant, yellowish white, green-veined; lip 3-lobed. Guiana. G.C. II. 7:304-5.—C. spinosum, Lindl. (Myanthus spinosus, Hook.). Lip spreading, with succulent hairs, bearing on upper side at base an erect 3-partite spine and a much larger one below the acumen. Brazil. B.M. 3802. —C. splendens, Cogn. Intermediate between C. Bungerothii and C. macrocarpum. Sepals greenish white with purplish center; petals white with many purple spots; lip cream-color, purple-marked. Runs into many forms: var. album, Lind. & Cogn., white or nearly so. Var. Aliciae, Lind. & Cogn. Fls. large; sepals and petals purplish; lip white, toothed. Var. aureo-maculatum. Bossch. Yellow. I.H. 43:54. Var. atropurpureum. Hort. Blackish purple.—C. tenebrosum, Kranzl. Fls. almost black, very spreading. Peru. G.C. III. 48:229 (desc.).—A. Tracyanum, Hort. A provisional name for a distinct species with whitish green fls.—C. viridi-flavum, Hook. Fls. green, the lip conic, yellow inside. Cent. Amer. B.M.4017.— C. Warscewiczii, Lindl. & Paxt. From Panama. Now rarely seen.{{SCH}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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== Species ==
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
 
*''Catasetum aculeatum'' (Brazil)  
 
*''Catasetum aculeatum'' (Brazil)  
 
*''Catasetum adremedium'' (Peru)
 
*''Catasetum adremedium'' (Peru)
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*''Catasetum yavitaense'' (Venezuela).
 
*''Catasetum yavitaense'' (Venezuela).
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== Further reading==
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==Gallery==
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*Dressler, Robert L. (1993) : Field guide to the orchids of Costa Rica and Panama, Cornell University Press
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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== External links ==
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==External links==
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{{Commons|Catasetum|''Catasetum}}
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*{{wplink}}
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[http://www.aalbersorchids.nl/english/indexengels.htm <b><u>The Catasetum, Mormodes and Coryanthes Site]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Catasetum| ]]
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