Difference between revisions of "Broccoli"

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{{otheruses}}
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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{{Infobox Cultivar | name = Broccoli
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| name = ''LATINNAME''  <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = possibly Ancient Rome{{wp}}
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Broccoli bunches.jpg
 
| image = Broccoli bunches.jpg
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| image_width = 150px
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = Broccoli, cultivar unknown
 
| image_caption = Broccoli, cultivar unknown
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| species = ''[[Brassica oleracea]]''
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| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
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| divisio =  <!--- Phylum -->
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| classis =    <!--- Class -->
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| ordo =    <!--- Order -->
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| familia =    <!--- Family -->
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| genus = Brassica
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| species = oleracea
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| subspecies = Broccoli
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| cultivar =
 
| group = Italica Group
 
| group = Italica Group
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| origin = possibly [[Ancient Rome]]
 
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| subdivision = Many; see text.
 
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Broccoli, which is a long-season [[cauliflower]], is in all respects like cauliflower except that its vegetative parts are somewhat coarser, the heads somewhat smaller, and it does not form an edible curd early in its life as does cauliflower.
  
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'''Broccoli''' is a plant of the [[Cabbage]] family, [[Brassicaceae]] (formerly Cruciferae). It is classified as the Italica [[Cultivar Group]] of the species ''[[Brassica oleracea]]''. Broccoli possesses abundant fleshy green flower heads arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The large mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles its close relative [[cauliflower]], but is green rather than white.  Common varieties are '''Calabrese''' and '''purple sprouting broccoli'''.
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Broccoli is cultivated only in climates having a mild winter, when it can be planted the summer before and carried through the winter to form heads early the following spring. It is a popular plant in all parts of France and particularly in England. It is undoubtedly the parent type of the cauliflower, the cultivated varieties of cauliflower being short-season forms.
  
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==History of broccoli==
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For best results, the seed should be sown at the same time as that of autumn cabbage and the plants transplanted to the field about the same time, so that they will make their vegetative growth during the late summer and autumn. Where winters are mild, the plants can be left in the open, but in more rigorous climates at the approach of cold weather, a small number of plants can be lifted with earth adhering to the roots, stored in a suitable root-cellar, and the following spring transferred to the open to form heads. L. C. Cobbett.{{SCH}}
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[[Image:Broccoli crop.jpg|thumb|Test plot-grown broccoli near Salinas, California, USA.]]
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}}
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[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] references to a cabbage-family vegetable that may have been broccoli are less than perfectly clear: the Roman natural history writer, [[Pliny the Elder]], wrote about a vegetable that fit the description of broccoli. Some vegetable scholars recognize broccoli in the [[cookbook]] of [[Apicius]].
 
  
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Broccoli was an Italian vegetable, as its name suggests, long before it was eaten elsewhere. It is first mentioned in [[France]] in [[1560]], but in [[1724]] broccoli was still so unfamiliar in [[England]] that [[Philip Miller]]'s ''Gardener's Dictionary'' (1724 edition) referred to it as a stranger in England and explained it as "sprout colli-flower" or "Italian asparagus".  In the American colonies, [[Thomas Jefferson]] was also an experimentative gardener with a wide circle of European correspondents, from whom he got packets of seeds for rare vegetables such as tomatoes. He noted the planting of broccoli at [[Monticello]] along with radishes, lettuce, and cauliflower on [[May 27]], [[1767]]. Nevertheless, broccoli remained an exotic in American gardens. In 1775, John Randolph, in ''A Treatise on Gardening by a Citizen of Virginia,'' felt he had to explain about broccoli: "The stems will eat like [[Asparagus]], and the heads like [[Cauliflower]]."
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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Commercial cultivation of broccoli in the [[United States]] can be traced to the D'Arrigo brothers, Stephano and Andrea, immigrants from [[Messina, Italy]], whose company made some tentative plantings in [[San Jose, California]] in [[1922]]. A few crates were initially shipped to [[Boston]], where there was a thriving [[Italian people|Italian]] immigrant culture in the [[North End]]. The broccoli business boomed, with the D'Arrigo's brand name "Andy Boy" named after Stephano's two-year-old son, Andrew, and backed with advertisements on the [[radio]].
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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A [[genetically engineered]] cross between broccoli and [[cauliflower]], the [[brocciflower]], was first cultivated in [[Europe]] around [[1988]]. Its very pale green heads are densely packed like [[cauliflower]] but has the flavour of broccoli.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The word ''broccoli'' comes from the [[Latin]] ''brachium'' and Italian ''braccio'' meaning "arm."
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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==Cultivation, preparation and nutritional value==
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==Gallery==
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{{nutritionalvalue | name=Broccoli, raw (edible parts), 100g | kJ=141 | protein=2.82 g | fat=0.37 g | carbs=6.64 g | fiber=2.6 g | | sugars=1.7 g | iron_mg=0.73 | calcium_mg=47 | magnesium_mg=21 | phosphorus_mg=66 | potassium_mg=316 | zinc_mg=0.41 | vitC_mg=89.2 | pantothenic_mg=0.573 | vitB6_mg=0.175 | folate_ug=63 | thiamin_mg=0.071 | riboflavin_mg=0.117 | niacin_mg=0.639 | right=1 | source_usda=1 }}
 
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Broccoli is a cool-weather crop that does poorly in hot summer weather. Other cultivar groups of ''Brassica oleracea'' include: [[cabbage]] (Capitata Group), [[cauliflower]] (Botrytis Group), [[kale]] and [[collard greens]] (Acephala Group), [[kohlrabi]] (Gongylodes Group), and [[Brussels sprout]]s (Gemmifera Group).  [[Chinese broccoli]] (Alboglabra Group) is also a cultivar group of ''Brassica oleracea''. 
 
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It is usually boiled or steamed, but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a
 
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raw vegetable in [[hors-d'oeuvre]] trays. It is high in [[vitamin C]] and [[dietary fiber|soluble fiber]] and contains the compound glucoraphanin, leading to an anticancer compound [[sulforaphane]].
 
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==Broccoli in popular culture==
 
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*Broccoli is frequently referred to in [[popular culture]] as a vegetable that parents try to force their unwilling children to eat.
 
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*In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode [[Treehouse of Horror XI]], Homer is killed by eating broccoli. When examining the body, Dr. Hibbert said that broccoli was one of the deadliest plants, and it warned people with its bad taste.
 
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*United States President [[George H. W. Bush]] was known to have an active disdain for broccoli, having actually said so in an offhand remark during his presidency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/law/jan-june98/fooddef_1-20.html |publisher=PBS |title=What's Your Beef? |accessdate=2006-08-05 |date=[[1998-01-20]]}}</ref> In response, a powerful broccoli [[agriculture]] [[lobby (politics)|lobby]] sent several tons of it to the White House. This broccoli was promptly donated to the [[Capital Area Food Bank]].<ref name="chron">{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalareafoodbank.org/downloads/chronology.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2006-08-05 |title=Chronology |publisher=Capital Area Food Bank}}</ref>
 
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*In the [[Television|TV]] [[sitcom]] ''[[Seinfeld]]'', [[Newman (Seinfeld)|Newman]] refers to broccoli as a "Vile weed!".
 
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*Tom "Broccoli" Landers is the current world record holder for eating broccoli. Following the World Broccoli-Eating Contest in New Jersey, he offered this tip for getting it down: "Just swallow, don't bother to chew." Landers consumed 1 pound of the green vegetable in 92 seconds.
 
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*In [[Michael Winterbottom]]'s 2002 film ''[[24 Hour Party People]]'', a [[marijuana|stoned]] [[Tony Wilson]] repeatedly claims that the vegetable was 'invented' by [[Albert R. Broccoli|Cubby Broccoli]].
 
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*In 1928, when broccoli was still something of a novelty in the United States, a cartoon<ref>[http://cartoonbank.com/assets/1/38868_m.gif Cartoon featuring broccoli]</ref> appeared in the [[New Yorker magazine]], drawn by [[Carl Rose]] with a caption by [[E.B. White]]. A mother and child are seated at the table, and the mother says "It's broccoli, dear." The child replies "I say it's [[spinach]], and I say the hell with it."
 
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* In ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode [[I Never Met the Dead Man]], Stewie devises a plan to get out of eating the broccoli that he so despises: he intends to build a weather-altering machine that will freeze broccoli crops everywhere.
 
  
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==Gallery==
 
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Broccoli crop.jpg|Test plot-grown broccoli
 
Image:sa_broccoli_florets.jpg|Extreme close-up of broccoli florets.
 
Image:sa_broccoli_florets.jpg|Extreme close-up of broccoli florets.
 
Image:Broccoli_bloem.jpg | Broccoli flowers.
 
Image:Broccoli_bloem.jpg | Broccoli flowers.
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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==References and notes==
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==References==
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<div class="references-small"><references /></div>
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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{{commonscat|Broccoli}}
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*{{wplink}}
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* [http://www.nutritiondata.com/foods-broccoli011000000000000000000.html Complete nutritional info.]
 
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* [http://www.vegparadise.com/highestperch44.html Broccoli lore]
 
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* [http://growingtaste.com/vegetables/broccoli.shtml Broccoli for the home gardener]
 
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* [http://www.photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=1236856 Photograph of the distinctive Broccoli romanesco.]
 
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* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,4382-1589335_3,00.html Gordon Ramsay recipe for Broccoli Soup]
 
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* [http://www.honolulumagazine.com/articles.aspx?id=4439&q=&m=11&y=2006&bid=1 "Mom Was Right", HONOLULU Magazine ~ November 2006]
 
  
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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[[Category:Inflorescence vegetables]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Brassica]]
 

Revision as of 04:53, 17 June 2009


Broccoli, cultivar unknown


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ [[Origin::possibly Ancient Romewp]]
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Brassica >

oleracea >

Broccoli >



Read about Broccoli in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Broccoli, which is a long-season cauliflower, is in all respects like cauliflower except that its vegetative parts are somewhat coarser, the heads somewhat smaller, and it does not form an edible curd early in its life as does cauliflower.

Broccoli is cultivated only in climates having a mild winter, when it can be planted the summer before and carried through the winter to form heads early the following spring. It is a popular plant in all parts of France and particularly in England. It is undoubtedly the parent type of the cauliflower, the cultivated varieties of cauliflower being short-season forms.

For best results, the seed should be sown at the same time as that of autumn cabbage and the plants transplanted to the field about the same time, so that they will make their vegetative growth during the late summer and autumn. Where winters are mild, the plants can be left in the open, but in more rigorous climates at the approach of cold weather, a small number of plants can be lifted with earth adhering to the roots, stored in a suitable root-cellar, and the following spring transferred to the open to form heads. L. C. Cobbett.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

Gallery

  • Test plot-grown broccoli

  • Extreme close-up of broccoli florets.

  • Broccoli flowers.

  • Two broccoli heads.

  • Romanesco broccoli, showing fractal forms

  • Steamed broccoli

References

External links


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