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Passiflora (i. e., passion flower). Including Disemma and Tacsonia.  
 
Passiflora (i. e., passion flower). Including Disemma and Tacsonia.  
   
Passifloraceae. PassionFlower. Highly interesting herbs, shrubs, or  
 
Passifloraceae. PassionFlower. Highly interesting herbs, shrubs, or  
   
trees, most of the cultivated kinds climbing by means of tendrils,  
 
trees, most of the cultivated kinds climbing by means of tendrils,  
   
with flowers of odd structure; some of them produce edible fruits.
 
with flowers of odd structure; some of them produce edible fruits.
   
Mostly vines, but some species erect: lvs. alternate, rarely  
 
Mostly vines, but some species erect: lvs. alternate, rarely  
   
opposite, the petiole usually gland-bearing, the blade entire,  
 
opposite, the petiole usually gland-bearing, the blade entire,  
   
digitately lobed or parted, stipules sometimes present: tendrils  
 
digitately lobed or parted, stipules sometimes present: tendrils  
   
(sometimes wanting) lateral, simple: fls. solitary or racemose,  
 
(sometimes wanting) lateral, simple: fls. solitary or racemose,  
   
mostly axillary, on articulated and often 3-bracted peduncles, mostly  
 
mostly axillary, on articulated and often 3-bracted peduncles, mostly  
   
hermaphrodite, with colors in yellow, green, blue and red, often  
 
hermaphrodite, with colors in yellow, green, blue and red, often  
   
large and showy; calyx with short tube (also with long tube when  
 
large and showy; calyx with short tube (also with long tube when  
   
Tacsonia is included), the lobes or petals 4 or 5 and narrow, often  
 
Tacsonia is included), the lobes or petals 4 or 5 and narrow, often  
   
colored inside, bearing on the throat a simple double or triple showy  
 
colored inside, bearing on the throat a simple double or triple showy  
   
fringe or crown; petals 4 or 5 (sometimes wanting, or 3), attached on  
 
fringe or crown; petals 4 or 5 (sometimes wanting, or 3), attached on  
   
the calyx-throat; stamens 4 or 5, the filaments joined into a tube in  
 
the calyx-throat; stamens 4 or 5, the filaments joined into a tube in  
   
which is the gynophore or stalk of the ovary, the anthers  
 
which is the gynophore or stalk of the ovary, the anthers  
   
linear-oblong and versatile; ovary oblong or nearly globular, with 3  
 
linear-oblong and versatile; ovary oblong or nearly globular, with 3  
   
styles and 3 many-ovuled parietal placentae: fr. large or small,  
 
styles and 3 many-ovuled parietal placentae: fr. large or small,  
   
berry-like, many-seeded, oblong or globular; seeds flat, mostly  
 
berry-like, many-seeded, oblong or globular; seeds flat, mostly  
   
ovate, with a fleshy aril.—Species probably 250-300. By some, the  
 
ovate, with a fleshy aril.—Species probably 250-300. By some, the  
   
genus Tacsonia is separated from Passiflora, but it is here combined;  
 
genus Tacsonia is separated from Passiflora, but it is here combined;  
   
it differs in having an elongated rather than very short calyx-tube  
 
it differs in having an elongated rather than very short calyx-tube  
   
or hypanthium; Andean species. See Tacsonia.
 
or hypanthium; Andean species. See Tacsonia.
   
With the exception of a few Malayan, Chinese and Australian species,  
 
With the exception of a few Malayan, Chinese and Australian species,  
   
the true passifloras are natives of tropical America, some of them in  
 
the true passifloras are natives of tropical America, some of them in  
   
the subtropical and warm temperate parts. Many of them are cultivated  
 
the subtropical and warm temperate parts. Many of them are cultivated  
   
as curiosities, and some of them for the beauty of their flowers and  
 
as curiosities, and some of them for the beauty of their flowers and  
   
for their festooning foliage. The fruit is of many kinds, in most  
 
for their festooning foliage. The fruit is of many kinds, in most  
 
+
cases not edible. The ovary is supported on a long stalk, which is inclosed in or usually united with the tube formed by the union of the bases of the filaments. The structure of the fruit is well shown in Fig. 2768; the remains of the floral envelopes have broken from the attachment on the torus and rest on the fruit. A dozen passifloras occur in the United States, and one of them, P. lutea, grows naturally as far north as southern Pennsylvania and Illinois. From Virginia south, the Maypop, P. incarnata, is a very common plant in fields and waste places. Both these species are herbaceous perennials.
cases not edible. The ovary is  
  −
supported on a long stalk, which is inclosed in or usually united  
  −
 
  −
with the tube formed by the union of the bases of the filaments. The  
  −
 
  −
structure of the fruit is well shown in Fig. 2768; the remains of the  
  −
 
  −
floral envelopes have broken from the attachment on the torus and  
  −
 
  −
rest on the fruit. A dozen passifloras occur in the United States,  
  −
 
  −
and one of them, P. lutea, grows naturally as far north as southern  
  −
 
  −
Pennsylvania and Illinois. From Virginia south, the Maypop, P.  
  −
 
  −
incarnata, is a very common plant in fields and waste places. Both  
  −
 
  −
these species are herbaceous perennials.
      
In cultivation, the passifloras have been considerably hybridized,  
 
In cultivation, the passifloras have been considerably hybridized,  
   
and they are also confused with Tacsonia. In 1871 Masters enumerated  
 
and they are also confused with Tacsonia. In 1871 Masters enumerated  
   
184 species (Trans. Linn. Soc. 27), but many species have been  
 
184 species (Trans. Linn. Soc. 27), but many species have been  
   
discovered since that time. Most of the passion-flowers are yellow or  
 
discovered since that time. Most of the passion-flowers are yellow or  
   
green in color of envelopes, but there are fine reds in P. racemosa,  
 
green in color of envelopes, but there are fine reds in P. racemosa,  
   
P. Raddiana,P. coccinea, P. alata,P. vitifolia, and others. The  
 
P. Raddiana,P. coccinea, P. alata,P. vitifolia, and others. The  
   
species known to gardeners are few, although many kinds are or have  
 
species known to gardeners are few, although many kinds are or have  
   
been in cultivation by fanciers and in collections. They usually  
 
been in cultivation by fanciers and in collections. They usually  
   
require much rafter room in greenhouses. According to G. W. Oliver,  
 
require much rafter room in greenhouses. According to G. W. Oliver,  
   
P. caerulea and Constance Elliott are both hardy at Washington. Not  
 
P. caerulea and Constance Elliott are both hardy at Washington. Not  
   
many of the tender species and hybrids are grown to any great extent  
 
many of the tender species and hybrids are grown to any great extent  
   
in this country. P. alata and P. quadrangularis are desirable  
 
in this country. P. alata and P. quadrangularis are desirable  
   
climbers for a roomy warm greenhouse. P. quadrangularis var.  
 
climbers for a roomy warm greenhouse. P. quadrangularis var.  
   
variegata seems to flower quite as freely as the green- leaved one.  
 
variegata seems to flower quite as freely as the green- leaved one.  
   
Passifloras are propagated from cuttings of the half-ripened growth,  
 
Passifloras are propagated from cuttings of the half-ripened growth,  
   
with bottom heat. P. racemosa and P. Loudonii are a trifle difficult  
 
with bottom heat. P. racemosa and P. Loudonii are a trifle difficult  
   
to root from cuttings; the growths should be as ripe as possible for  
 
to root from cuttings; the growths should be as ripe as possible for  
   
this purpose. Keep the under surface of the leaves flat on the sand  
 
this purpose. Keep the under surface of the leaves flat on the sand  
   
while rooting. The native P. incarnata grows very freely at  
 
while rooting. The native P. incarnata grows very freely at  
   
Washington, becoming more or less of a weed and hard to eradicate.
 
Washington, becoming more or less of a weed and hard to eradicate.
   
The peculiar charm of these plants lies in the odd flowers, the parts  
 
The peculiar charm of these plants lies in the odd flowers, the parts  
   
of which were fancied by the early Spanish and Italian travelers to  
 
of which were fancied by the early Spanish and Italian travelers to  
   
represent the implements of the crucifixion (whence both the  
 
represent the implements of the crucifixion (whence both the  
   
technical and popular names). Legend and superstition have attached  
 
technical and popular names). Legend and superstition have attached  
   
to these plants from the first. The ten colored parts of the floral  
 
to these plants from the first. The ten colored parts of the floral  
   
envelope were thought to represent the ten apostles present at the  
 
envelope were thought to represent the ten apostles present at the  
   
crucifixion, Peter and Judas being absent. Inside the corolla is a  
 
crucifixion, Peter and Judas being absent. Inside the corolla is a  
   
showy crown or corona of colored filaments or fringes, taken to  
 
showy crown or corona of colored filaments or fringes, taken to  
   
represent the crown of thorns, or by some thought to be emblematic of  
 
represent the crown of thorns, or by some thought to be emblematic of  
   
the halo. The stamens are five, to some suggestive of the five  
 
the halo. The stamens are five, to some suggestive of the five  
   
wounds, by others thought to be emblematic of the hammers which were  
 
wounds, by others thought to be emblematic of the hammers which were  
   
used to drive the three nails, the latter being represented by the  
 
used to drive the three nails, the latter being represented by the  
   
three styles with capitate stigmas. The long axillary coiling  
 
three styles with capitate stigmas. The long axillary coiling  
   
tendrils represent the cords or the scourges. The digitate leaves  
 
tendrils represent the cords or the scourges. The digitate leaves  
   
suggest the hands of the persecutors. The following sketch of the  
 
suggest the hands of the persecutors. The following sketch of the  
   
passion-flower legend is from Folkard's "Plant Lore, Legends and  
 
passion-flower legend is from Folkard's "Plant Lore, Legends and  
   
Lyrics," and the illustration (Fig. 2769) is also produced from that  
 
Lyrics," and the illustration (Fig. 2769) is also produced from that  
   
book: "The passion-flower (Passiflora caerulea) is a wild flower of  
 
book: "The passion-flower (Passiflora caerulea) is a wild flower of  
   
the South American forests, and it is said that the Spaniards, when  
 
the South American forests, and it is said that the Spaniards, when  
   
they first saw the lovely bloom of this plant, as it hung in rich  
 
they first saw the lovely bloom of this plant, as it hung in rich  
   
festoons from the branches of the forest trees, regarded the  
 
festoons from the branches of the forest trees, regarded the  
   
magnificent blossom as a token that the Indians should be converted  
 
magnificent blossom as a token that the Indians should be converted  
   
to Christianity, as they saw in its several parts the emblems of the  
 
to Christianity, as they saw in its several parts the emblems of the  
   
passion of our Lord. In the year 1610, Jacomo Bosio, the author of an  
 
passion of our Lord. In the year 1610, Jacomo Bosio, the author of an  
   
exhaustive treatise on the Cross of Calvary, was busily engaged on  
 
exhaustive treatise on the Cross of Calvary, was busily engaged on  
   
this work when there arrived in Rome an Augustmian friar, named  
 
this work when there arrived in Rome an Augustmian friar, named  
   
Emmanuel de Villegas, a Mexican by birth. He brought with him, and  
 
Emmanuel de Villegas, a Mexican by birth. He brought with him, and  
   
showed to Bosio, the drawing of a flower so stupenduously marvelous,'  
 
showed to Bosio, the drawing of a flower so stupenduously marvelous,'  
   
that he hesitated making any mention of it in his book. However, some  
 
that he hesitated making any mention of it in his book. However, some  
   
other drawings and descriptions were sent to him by inhabitants of  
 
other drawings and descriptions were sent to him by inhabitants of  
   
New Spam, and certain Mexican Jesuits, sojourning at Rome, confirmed  
 
New Spam, and certain Mexican Jesuits, sojourning at Rome, confirmed  
   
all the astonishing reports of this floral marvel; moreover, some  
 
all the astonishing reports of this floral marvel; moreover, some  
   
Dominicans at Bologna engraved and published a drawing of it,  
 
Dominicans at Bologna engraved and published a drawing of it,  
   
accompanied by poems and descriptive essays. Bosio therefore  
 
accompanied by poems and descriptive essays. Bosio therefore  
   
conceived it to be his duty to present the Flos Passionis to the  
 
conceived it to be his duty to present the Flos Passionis to the  
   
world as the most wondrous example of the Croce trionfante discovered  
 
world as the most wondrous example of the Croce trionfante discovered  
   
in forest or field. The flower represente, he tells us, not so  
 
in forest or field. The flower represente, he tells us, not so  
   
directly the Cross of our Lord, as the past mysteries of the Passion.  
 
directly the Cross of our Lord, as the past mysteries of the Passion.  
   
It is a native of the Indies, of Peru, and of New Spain, where the  
 
It is a native of the Indies, of Peru, and of New Spain, where the  
   
Spaniards call it 'the Flower of the Five Wounds," and it had clearly  
 
Spaniards call it 'the Flower of the Five Wounds," and it had clearly  
   
been designed by the great Creator that it might, in due time, assist  
 
been designed by the great Creator that it might, in due time, assist  
   
in the conversion of the heathen among whom it grows. Alluding to the  
 
in the conversion of the heathen among whom it grows. Alluding to the  
   
bell-like shape assumed by the flower during the greater part of its  
 
bell-like shape assumed by the flower during the greater part of its  
   
existence (i.e., whilst it is expanding and fading),Bosio remarks:  
 
existence (i.e., whilst it is expanding and fading),Bosio remarks:  
   
'And it may well be that, in His infinite wisdom, it pleased Him to  
 
'And it may well be that, in His infinite wisdom, it pleased Him to  
   
create it thus shut up and protected, as though to indicate that the  
 
create it thus shut up and protected, as though to indicate that the  
   
wonderful mysteries of the Cross and of His Passion were to remain  
 
wonderful mysteries of the Cross and of His Passion were to remain  
   
hidden from the heathen people of those countries until the time  
 
hidden from the heathen people of those countries until the time  
   
preordained by His Highest Majesty.' The figure given to the  
 
preordained by His Highest Majesty.' The figure given to the  
   
Passionflower in Bosio's work shows the crown of thorns twisted and  
 
Passionflower in Bosio's work shows the crown of thorns twisted and  
   
plaited, the three nails, and the column of the flagellation just as  
 
plaited, the three nails, and the column of the flagellation just as  
   
they appear on ecclesiastical banners, etc. 'The upper petals,'  
 
they appear on ecclesiastical banners, etc. 'The upper petals,'  
   
writes Bosio in his description, 'are tawny in Peru, but in New Spain  
 
writes Bosio in his description, 'are tawny in Peru, but in New Spain  
   
they are white, tinged with rose. The filaments above resemble a  
 
they are white, tinged with rose. The filaments above resemble a  
   
blood-coloured fringe, as though suggesting the scourge with which  
 
blood-coloured fringe, as though suggesting the scourge with which  
   
our blessed Lord was tormented. The column rises in the middle. The  
 
our blessed Lord was tormented. The column rises in the middle. The  
   
nails are above it; the crown of thorns encircles the column; and  
 
nails are above it; the crown of thorns encircles the column; and  
   
close in the center of the flower from which the column rises is a  
 
close in the center of the flower from which the column rises is a  
   
portion of a yellow colour, about the size of a reale, in which arc  
 
portion of a yellow colour, about the size of a reale, in which arc  
   
five spots or stains of the hue of blood, evidently setting forth the  
 
five spots or stains of the hue of blood, evidently setting forth the  
   
five wounds received by our Lord on the Cross. The colour of the  
 
five wounds received by our Lord on the Cross. The colour of the  
   
column, the crown, and the nails is a clear green. The crown itself  
 
column, the crown, and the nails is a clear green. The crown itself  
   
is surrounded by a kind of veil, or very fine hair, of a violet  
 
is surrounded by a kind of veil, or very fine hair, of a violet  
   
colour, the filaments of which number seventy-two, answering to the  
 
colour, the filaments of which number seventy-two, answering to the  
   
number of thorns with which, according to tradition, our Lord's crown  
 
number of thorns with which, according to tradition, our Lord's crown  
   
was set; and the leaves of the plant, abundant and beautiful, are  
 
was set; and the leaves of the plant, abundant and beautiful, are  
   
shaped like the head of a lance or pike, referring, no doubt, to that  
 
shaped like the head of a lance or pike, referring, no doubt, to that  
   
which pierced the side of our Savior, whilst they are marked beneath  
 
which pierced the side of our Savior, whilst they are marked beneath  
   
with round spots, signifying the thirty pieces of silver.' "
 
with round spots, signifying the thirty pieces of silver.' "
   
Passifloras as gardener's ornamental plants.
 
Passifloras as gardener's ornamental plants.
 
(J. J. M. Farrell.)
 
(J. J. M. Farrell.)
    
These plants constitute a large family or group of evergreen  
 
These plants constitute a large family or group of evergreen  
   
climbers. They will show to best advantage when they can be planted  
 
climbers. They will show to best advantage when they can be planted  
   
out permanently in a warm conservatory and where they can have  
 
out permanently in a warm conservatory and where they can have  
   
comparatively large space to climb. They may also be grown in pots  
 
comparatively large space to climb. They may also be grown in pots  
   
when the conditions do not permit other methods of handling.
 
when the conditions do not permit other methods of handling.
   
Passifloras may be propagated either by cuttings or seeds. They may  
 
Passifloras may be propagated either by cuttings or seeds. They may  
   
be rooted from young growth taken any time from the middle of January  
 
be rooted from young growth taken any time from the middle of January  
   
until April. These cuttings are placed in a warm propagating-bed, and  
 
until April. These cuttings are placed in a warm propagating-bed, and  
   
kept shaded and moist, and in a short tune they will root; they are  
 
kept shaded and moist, and in a short tune they will root; they are  
   
also inserted in small pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, in  
 
also inserted in small pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, in  
   
equal parts, and plunged in the propagating-bed. When rooted, the  
 
equal parts, and plunged in the propagating-bed. When rooted, the  
   
cuttings are potted off, using a compost of loam four parts, leaf-  
 
cuttings are potted off, using a compost of loam four parts, leaf-  
   
mold two parts, well-rotted cow-manure one part, and which should  
 
mold two parts, well-rotted cow-manure one part, and which should  
   
contain enough sand to keep it porous. Keep shaded until they become  
 
contain enough sand to keep it porous. Keep shaded until they become  
   
well established, when they may be given a place well up to the glass  
 
well established, when they may be given a place well up to the glass  
   
in full sun. The passifloras are also readily raised from seed sown  
 
in full sun. The passifloras are also readily raised from seed sown  
   
in spring, and the plants potted off as soon as big enough.
 
in spring, and the plants potted off as soon as big enough.
   
The plants will stand a night temperature of 65° to 70°: this can be  
 
The plants will stand a night temperature of 65° to 70°: this can be  
   
increased until it reaches 80° to 85° for a day temperature with sun.  
 
increased until it reaches 80° to 85° for a day temperature with sun.  
   
Give ventilation daily, taking into account the state of the weather;  
 
Give ventilation daily, taking into account the state of the weather;  
   
while they like plenty of heat, they will not do well in a stagnant  
 
while they like plenty of heat, they will not do well in a stagnant  
   
atmosphere; therefore, give air on all favorable occasions. Every  
 
atmosphere; therefore, give air on all favorable occasions. Every  
   
morning in bright weather, give them a good syringing, as this is a  
 
morning in bright weather, give them a good syringing, as this is a  
   
great aid in keeping them in vigor and supplying the desired  
 
great aid in keeping them in vigor and supplying the desired  
   
atmospheric moisture, but this does not mean a very humid atmosphere.  
 
atmospheric moisture, but this does not mean a very humid atmosphere.  
   
By pinching, the plants are made to produce several growths. These  
 
By pinching, the plants are made to produce several growths. These  
   
plants can be shifted until they are in 10- or 12-inch pots. The  
 
plants can be shifted until they are in 10- or 12-inch pots. The  
   
growth may be trained on pillars or along rafters of the  
 
growth may be trained on pillars or along rafters of the  
   
conservatory.
 
conservatory.
    
When planted out in about 8 or 10 inches of soil, passifloras will  
 
When planted out in about 8 or 10 inches of soil, passifloras will  
   
cover a very large space, but sometimes to such an extent as to  
 
cover a very large space, but sometimes to such an extent as to  
   
obscure the whole glass. The best place is on a back wall in some  
 
obscure the whole glass. The best place is on a back wall in some  
   
house where they may ramble at will. Keep well syringed until they  
 
house where they may ramble at will. Keep well syringed until they  
 
+
how flower, when syringing should be discontinued until they are  
show flower, when syringing should be discontinued until they are  
  −
 
   
through blooming. After the plants have covered the position allotted  
 
through blooming. After the plants have covered the position allotted  
   
to them, all that is required is the regulation of the young growth,  
 
to them, all that is required is the regulation of the young growth,  
   
so as to keep them from becoming entangled. In winter they may be cut  
 
so as to keep them from becoming entangled. In winter they may be cut  
   
back and the exhausted soil replaced by good rich compost. They will  
 
back and the exhausted soil replaced by good rich compost. They will  
   
not need a high temperature, doing well in 55° to 60° at night. When  
 
not need a high temperature, doing well in 55° to 60° at night. When  
   
they start off into growth again, keep raising the temperature until  
 
they start off into growth again, keep raising the temperature until  
   
it has reached the figures already stated. They may now be given  
 
it has reached the figures already stated. They may now be given  
   
manure water regularly and throughout the growing season. Keep down  
 
manure water regularly and throughout the growing season. Keep down  
   
thrip, red-spider, and mealy-bug by syringing and sponging.
 
thrip, red-spider, and mealy-bug by syringing and sponging.
   
The edible-fruited passifloras. (F. W. Popenoe.)
 
The edible-fruited passifloras. (F. W. Popenoe.)
    
The principal species of Passiflora that are cultivated for their  
 
The principal species of Passiflora that are cultivated for their  
   
fruits in tropical and subtropical regions are P. quadrangularis, the  
 
fruits in tropical and subtropical regions are P. quadrangularis, the  
   
granadilla, granadilla real of Costa Rica, barbadine of the French  
 
granadilla, granadilla real of Costa Rica, barbadine of the French  
   
colonies, pasion- aria of Cuba, maracuja melao of Brazil; P. edulis,  
 
colonies, pasion- aria of Cuba, maracuja melao of Brazil; P. edulis,  
   
also called granadilla, as well as passion-fruit; and P. laurifolia,  
 
also called granadilla, as well as passion-fruit; and P. laurifolia,  
   
the water-lemon of the British West Indies, pomme-liane of the French  
 
the water-lemon of the British West Indies, pomme-liane of the French  
   
colonies. While P. quad-rangularis is a common garden plant in  
 
colonies. While P. quad-rangularis is a common garden plant in  
   
tropical America, it is not so extensively grown in any region as is  
 
tropical America, it is not so extensively grown in any region as is  
   
P. edulis in Australia. In the United States these species can be  
 
P. edulis in Australia. In the United States these species can be  
   
grown only in the warmest regions; in California P. edulis is the  
 
grown only in the warmest regions; in California P. edulis is the  
   
only one that is successfully cultivated in the open, the other two  
 
only one that is successfully cultivated in the open, the other two  
   
species being much more susceptible to frost; in south Florida all  
 
species being much more susceptible to frost; in south Florida all  
   
three can be grown, although the tropical species are sometimes  
 
three can be grown, although the tropical species are sometimes  
   
injured by frost.
 
injured by frost.
    
The true granadilla (P. quadrangularis) is a strong rapid-growing  
 
The true granadilla (P. quadrangularis) is a strong rapid-growing  
   
climber, frequently planted for ornament in tropical regions and  
 
climber, frequently planted for ornament in tropical regions and  
   
allowed to cover arbors and pergolas. Its brownish yellow ovoid  
 
allowed to cover arbors and pergolas. Its brownish yellow ovoid  
   
fruits are sometimes 8 inches in length, and within the thin brittle  
 
fruits are sometimes 8 inches in length, and within the thin brittle  
   
pericarp is a large number of small flattened seeds surrounded by  
 
pericarp is a large number of small flattened seeds surrounded by  
   
gelatinous pulp and subacid juice. When green, they are sometimes  
 
gelatinous pulp and subacid juice. When green, they are sometimes  
   
boiled and used as a vegetable; when ripe, the acidulous pulp is  
 
boiled and used as a vegetable; when ripe, the acidulous pulp is  
   
refreshing, and is used to prepare cooling drinks, or is eaten with a  
 
refreshing, and is used to prepare cooling drinks, or is eaten with a  
   
spoon directly from the fruit.
 
spoon directly from the fruit.
    
The passion-fruit (P. edulis) is considerably smaller than the  
 
The passion-fruit (P. edulis) is considerably smaller than the  
   
granadilla, rarely larger than a hen's egg, and dull purple when  
 
granadilla, rarely larger than a hen's egg, and dull purple when  
   
ripe. Its pulp is slightly more acid than that of the granadilla, but  
 
ripe. Its pulp is slightly more acid than that of the granadilla, but  
   
of very pleasant flavor, and highly esteemed in Queensland and New  
 
of very pleasant flavor, and highly esteemed in Queensland and New  
   
South Wales, where the plant is cultivated commercially. It is used  
 
South Wales, where the plant is cultivated commercially. It is used  
   
for flavoring sherbets, for confectionery, for icing cakes, for  
 
for flavoring sherbets, for confectionery, for icing cakes, for  
   
"trifles,"—a dish composed of sponge cake, fruits, cream, and white  
 
"trifles,"—a dish composed of sponge cake, fruits, cream, and white  
   
of egg,—for jams, and for other table purposes. The pulp is also  
 
of egg,—for jams, and for other table purposes. The pulp is also  
   
eaten directly from the fruit, after adding a little sugar, or is  
 
eaten directly from the fruit, after adding a little sugar, or is  
   
used to prepare a refreshing drink, by beating it up in a glass of  
 
used to prepare a refreshing drink, by beating it up in a glass of  
   
ice-water and adding a pinch of bicarbonate of soda. The plants are  
 
ice-water and adding a pinch of bicarbonate of soda. The plants are  
   
grown on trellises about 6 feet high; at the top of the trellis is  
 
grown on trellises about 6 feet high; at the top of the trellis is  
   
nailed a crosspiece 18 inches long, from the ends of which are run  
 
nailed a crosspiece 18 inches long, from the ends of which are run  
   
two wires, the long branches being allowed to hang down over these to  
 
two wires, the long branches being allowed to hang down over these to  
   
the ground. The rows are placed 15 feet apart, with the vines 15 feet  
 
the ground. The rows are placed 15 feet apart, with the vines 15 feet  
   
apart in the row_. The young plants must be protected in regions  
 
apart in the row_. The young plants must be protected in regions  
   
subject to frost: they begin bearing the second year, sometimes  
 
subject to frost: they begin bearing the second year, sometimes  
   
producing a few fruits the first season, and continue in profitable  
 
producing a few fruits the first season, and continue in profitable  
   
production four to six years, when they must be renewed.  By proper  
 
production four to six years, when they must be renewed.  By proper  
   
pruning, two crops a year can be secured, in regions not subject to  
 
pruning, two crops a year can be secured, in regions not subject to  
   
frost.  The most suitable soil seems to be sandy loam, although other  
 
frost.  The most suitable soil seems to be sandy loam, although other  
   
soils will grow the plant successfully.  Manure should be supplied  
 
soils will grow the plant successfully.  Manure should be supplied  
   
liberally.  In Australia, the profits of passion-fruit culture are  
 
liberally.  In Australia, the profits of passion-fruit culture are  
   
reported to run from $100 to $300 an acre annually.  Because of the  
 
reported to run from $100 to $300 an acre annually.  Because of the  
   
short life of the vines, they are often planted as a catch-crop in  
 
short life of the vines, they are often planted as a catch-crop in  
   
young orchards which have not yet come into bearing. Like P. quad-  
 
young orchards which have not yet come into bearing. Like P. quad-  
   
rangularis, this species is often grown as an ornamental plant, and  
 
rangularis, this species is often grown as an ornamental plant, and  
   
makes an excellent and rapid-growing cover for fences and trellises.
 
makes an excellent and rapid-growing cover for fences and trellises.
   
The passifloras are easily propagated by seeds or cuttings, the  
 
The passifloras are easily propagated by seeds or cuttings, the  
   
latter method being preferable in most cases. Seeds should be removed  
 
latter method being preferable in most cases. Seeds should be removed  
   
from the fruit, dried in a shady place, and planted in flats of light  
 
from the fruit, dried in a shady place, and planted in flats of light  
   
soil. They do not germinate very quickly, but the young plants are  
 
soil. They do not germinate very quickly, but the young plants are  
   
easily raised, and may be set out in the open ground when six months  
 
easily raised, and may be set out in the open ground when six months  
   
to a year old. Cuttings should be taken from fairly well-matured  
 
to a year old. Cuttings should be taken from fairly well-matured  
   
shoots, and should be about 6 inches in length. They are easily  
 
shoots, and should be about 6 inches in length. They are easily  
   
rooted in sand, no bottom heat being required. Cuttings of P. edulis  
 
rooted in sand, no bottom heat being required. Cuttings of P. edulis  
   
will often fruit in pots at the age of one to two years, and form  
 
will often fruit in pots at the age of one to two years, and form  
   
very interesting greenhouse plants. While this species usually fruits  
 
very interesting greenhouse plants. While this species usually fruits  
   
prolifically, P. quad- rangularis sometimes requires hand-pollination  
 
prolifically, P. quad- rangularis sometimes requires hand-pollination  
   
when grown outside its native habitat.
 
when grown outside its native habitat.
 
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