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Passiflora (i. e., passion flower). Including Disemma and Tacsonia.
Passiflora (i. e., passion flower). Including Disemma and Tacsonia.
Passifloraceae. PassionFlower. Highly interesting herbs, shrubs, or
Passifloraceae. PassionFlower. Highly interesting herbs, shrubs, or
trees, most of the cultivated kinds climbing by means of tendrils,
trees, most of the cultivated kinds climbing by means of tendrils,
with flowers of odd structure; some of them produce edible fruits.
with flowers of odd structure; some of them produce edible fruits.
Mostly vines, but some species erect: lvs. alternate, rarely
Mostly vines, but some species erect: lvs. alternate, rarely
opposite, the petiole usually gland-bearing, the blade entire,
opposite, the petiole usually gland-bearing, the blade entire,
digitately lobed or parted, stipules sometimes present: tendrils
digitately lobed or parted, stipules sometimes present: tendrils
(sometimes wanting) lateral, simple: fls. solitary or racemose,
(sometimes wanting) lateral, simple: fls. solitary or racemose,
mostly axillary, on articulated and often 3-bracted peduncles, mostly
mostly axillary, on articulated and often 3-bracted peduncles, mostly
hermaphrodite, with colors in yellow, green, blue and red, often
hermaphrodite, with colors in yellow, green, blue and red, often
large and showy; calyx with short tube (also with long tube when
large and showy; calyx with short tube (also with long tube when
Tacsonia is included), the lobes or petals 4 or 5 and narrow, often
Tacsonia is included), the lobes or petals 4 or 5 and narrow, often
colored inside, bearing on the throat a simple double or triple showy
colored inside, bearing on the throat a simple double or triple showy
fringe or crown; petals 4 or 5 (sometimes wanting, or 3), attached on
fringe or crown; petals 4 or 5 (sometimes wanting, or 3), attached on
the calyx-throat; stamens 4 or 5, the filaments joined into a tube in
the calyx-throat; stamens 4 or 5, the filaments joined into a tube in
which is the gynophore or stalk of the ovary, the anthers
which is the gynophore or stalk of the ovary, the anthers
linear-oblong and versatile; ovary oblong or nearly globular, with 3
linear-oblong and versatile; ovary oblong or nearly globular, with 3
styles and 3 many-ovuled parietal placentae: fr. large or small,
styles and 3 many-ovuled parietal placentae: fr. large or small,
berry-like, many-seeded, oblong or globular; seeds flat, mostly
berry-like, many-seeded, oblong or globular; seeds flat, mostly
ovate, with a fleshy aril.—Species probably 250-300. By some, the
ovate, with a fleshy aril.—Species probably 250-300. By some, the
genus Tacsonia is separated from Passiflora, but it is here combined;
genus Tacsonia is separated from Passiflora, but it is here combined;
it differs in having an elongated rather than very short calyx-tube
it differs in having an elongated rather than very short calyx-tube
or hypanthium; Andean species. See Tacsonia.
or hypanthium; Andean species. See Tacsonia.
With the exception of a few Malayan, Chinese and Australian species,
With the exception of a few Malayan, Chinese and Australian species,
the true passifloras are natives of tropical America, some of them in
the true passifloras are natives of tropical America, some of them in
the subtropical and warm temperate parts. Many of them are cultivated
the subtropical and warm temperate parts. Many of them are cultivated
as curiosities, and some of them for the beauty of their flowers and
as curiosities, and some of them for the beauty of their flowers and
for their festooning foliage. The fruit is of many kinds, in most
for their festooning foliage. The fruit is of many kinds, in most
cases not edible. The ovary is supported on a long stalk, which is inclosed in or usually united with the tube formed by the union of the bases of the filaments. The structure of the fruit is well shown in Fig. 2768; the remains of the floral envelopes have broken from the attachment on the torus and rest on the fruit. A dozen passifloras occur in the United States, and one of them, P. lutea, grows naturally as far north as southern Pennsylvania and Illinois. From Virginia south, the Maypop, P. incarnata, is a very common plant in fields and waste places. Both these species are herbaceous perennials.
cases not edible. The ovary is
supported on a long stalk, which is inclosed in or usually united
with the tube formed by the union of the bases of the filaments. The
structure of the fruit is well shown in Fig. 2768; the remains of the
floral envelopes have broken from the attachment on the torus and
rest on the fruit. A dozen passifloras occur in the United States,
and one of them, P. lutea, grows naturally as far north as southern
Pennsylvania and Illinois. From Virginia south, the Maypop, P.
incarnata, is a very common plant in fields and waste places. Both
these species are herbaceous perennials.
In cultivation, the passifloras have been considerably hybridized,
In cultivation, the passifloras have been considerably hybridized,
and they are also confused with Tacsonia. In 1871 Masters enumerated
and they are also confused with Tacsonia. In 1871 Masters enumerated
184 species (Trans. Linn. Soc. 27), but many species have been
184 species (Trans. Linn. Soc. 27), but many species have been
discovered since that time. Most of the passion-flowers are yellow or
discovered since that time. Most of the passion-flowers are yellow or
green in color of envelopes, but there are fine reds in P. racemosa,
green in color of envelopes, but there are fine reds in P. racemosa,
P. Raddiana,P. coccinea, P. alata,P. vitifolia, and others. The
P. Raddiana,P. coccinea, P. alata,P. vitifolia, and others. The
species known to gardeners are few, although many kinds are or have
species known to gardeners are few, although many kinds are or have
been in cultivation by fanciers and in collections. They usually
been in cultivation by fanciers and in collections. They usually
require much rafter room in greenhouses. According to G. W. Oliver,
require much rafter room in greenhouses. According to G. W. Oliver,
P. caerulea and Constance Elliott are both hardy at Washington. Not
P. caerulea and Constance Elliott are both hardy at Washington. Not
many of the tender species and hybrids are grown to any great extent
many of the tender species and hybrids are grown to any great extent
in this country. P. alata and P. quadrangularis are desirable
in this country. P. alata and P. quadrangularis are desirable
climbers for a roomy warm greenhouse. P. quadrangularis var.
climbers for a roomy warm greenhouse. P. quadrangularis var.
variegata seems to flower quite as freely as the green- leaved one.
variegata seems to flower quite as freely as the green- leaved one.
Passifloras are propagated from cuttings of the half-ripened growth,
Passifloras are propagated from cuttings of the half-ripened growth,
with bottom heat. P. racemosa and P. Loudonii are a trifle difficult
with bottom heat. P. racemosa and P. Loudonii are a trifle difficult
to root from cuttings; the growths should be as ripe as possible for
to root from cuttings; the growths should be as ripe as possible for
this purpose. Keep the under surface of the leaves flat on the sand
this purpose. Keep the under surface of the leaves flat on the sand
while rooting. The native P. incarnata grows very freely at
while rooting. The native P. incarnata grows very freely at
Washington, becoming more or less of a weed and hard to eradicate.
Washington, becoming more or less of a weed and hard to eradicate.
The peculiar charm of these plants lies in the odd flowers, the parts
The peculiar charm of these plants lies in the odd flowers, the parts
of which were fancied by the early Spanish and Italian travelers to
of which were fancied by the early Spanish and Italian travelers to
represent the implements of the crucifixion (whence both the
represent the implements of the crucifixion (whence both the
technical and popular names). Legend and superstition have attached
technical and popular names). Legend and superstition have attached
to these plants from the first. The ten colored parts of the floral
to these plants from the first. The ten colored parts of the floral
envelope were thought to represent the ten apostles present at the
envelope were thought to represent the ten apostles present at the
crucifixion, Peter and Judas being absent. Inside the corolla is a
crucifixion, Peter and Judas being absent. Inside the corolla is a
showy crown or corona of colored filaments or fringes, taken to
showy crown or corona of colored filaments or fringes, taken to
represent the crown of thorns, or by some thought to be emblematic of
represent the crown of thorns, or by some thought to be emblematic of
the halo. The stamens are five, to some suggestive of the five
the halo. The stamens are five, to some suggestive of the five
wounds, by others thought to be emblematic of the hammers which were
wounds, by others thought to be emblematic of the hammers which were
used to drive the three nails, the latter being represented by the
used to drive the three nails, the latter being represented by the
three styles with capitate stigmas. The long axillary coiling
three styles with capitate stigmas. The long axillary coiling
tendrils represent the cords or the scourges. The digitate leaves
tendrils represent the cords or the scourges. The digitate leaves
suggest the hands of the persecutors. The following sketch of the
suggest the hands of the persecutors. The following sketch of the
passion-flower legend is from Folkard's "Plant Lore, Legends and
passion-flower legend is from Folkard's "Plant Lore, Legends and
Lyrics," and the illustration (Fig. 2769) is also produced from that
Lyrics," and the illustration (Fig. 2769) is also produced from that
book: "The passion-flower (Passiflora caerulea) is a wild flower of
book: "The passion-flower (Passiflora caerulea) is a wild flower of
the South American forests, and it is said that the Spaniards, when
the South American forests, and it is said that the Spaniards, when
they first saw the lovely bloom of this plant, as it hung in rich
they first saw the lovely bloom of this plant, as it hung in rich
festoons from the branches of the forest trees, regarded the
festoons from the branches of the forest trees, regarded the
magnificent blossom as a token that the Indians should be converted
magnificent blossom as a token that the Indians should be converted
to Christianity, as they saw in its several parts the emblems of the
to Christianity, as they saw in its several parts the emblems of the
passion of our Lord. In the year 1610, Jacomo Bosio, the author of an
passion of our Lord. In the year 1610, Jacomo Bosio, the author of an
exhaustive treatise on the Cross of Calvary, was busily engaged on
exhaustive treatise on the Cross of Calvary, was busily engaged on
this work when there arrived in Rome an Augustmian friar, named
this work when there arrived in Rome an Augustmian friar, named
Emmanuel de Villegas, a Mexican by birth. He brought with him, and
Emmanuel de Villegas, a Mexican by birth. He brought with him, and
showed to Bosio, the drawing of a flower so stupenduously marvelous,'
showed to Bosio, the drawing of a flower so stupenduously marvelous,'
that he hesitated making any mention of it in his book. However, some
that he hesitated making any mention of it in his book. However, some
other drawings and descriptions were sent to him by inhabitants of
other drawings and descriptions were sent to him by inhabitants of
New Spam, and certain Mexican Jesuits, sojourning at Rome, confirmed
New Spam, and certain Mexican Jesuits, sojourning at Rome, confirmed
all the astonishing reports of this floral marvel; moreover, some
all the astonishing reports of this floral marvel; moreover, some
Dominicans at Bologna engraved and published a drawing of it,
Dominicans at Bologna engraved and published a drawing of it,
accompanied by poems and descriptive essays. Bosio therefore
accompanied by poems and descriptive essays. Bosio therefore
conceived it to be his duty to present the Flos Passionis to the
conceived it to be his duty to present the Flos Passionis to the
world as the most wondrous example of the Croce trionfante discovered
world as the most wondrous example of the Croce trionfante discovered
in forest or field. The flower represente, he tells us, not so
in forest or field. The flower represente, he tells us, not so
directly the Cross of our Lord, as the past mysteries of the Passion.
directly the Cross of our Lord, as the past mysteries of the Passion.
It is a native of the Indies, of Peru, and of New Spain, where the
It is a native of the Indies, of Peru, and of New Spain, where the
Spaniards call it 'the Flower of the Five Wounds," and it had clearly
Spaniards call it 'the Flower of the Five Wounds," and it had clearly
been designed by the great Creator that it might, in due time, assist
been designed by the great Creator that it might, in due time, assist
in the conversion of the heathen among whom it grows. Alluding to the
in the conversion of the heathen among whom it grows. Alluding to the
bell-like shape assumed by the flower during the greater part of its
bell-like shape assumed by the flower during the greater part of its
existence (i.e., whilst it is expanding and fading),Bosio remarks:
existence (i.e., whilst it is expanding and fading),Bosio remarks:
'And it may well be that, in His infinite wisdom, it pleased Him to
'And it may well be that, in His infinite wisdom, it pleased Him to
create it thus shut up and protected, as though to indicate that the
create it thus shut up and protected, as though to indicate that the
wonderful mysteries of the Cross and of His Passion were to remain
wonderful mysteries of the Cross and of His Passion were to remain
hidden from the heathen people of those countries until the time
hidden from the heathen people of those countries until the time
preordained by His Highest Majesty.' The figure given to the
preordained by His Highest Majesty.' The figure given to the
Passionflower in Bosio's work shows the crown of thorns twisted and
Passionflower in Bosio's work shows the crown of thorns twisted and
plaited, the three nails, and the column of the flagellation just as
plaited, the three nails, and the column of the flagellation just as
they appear on ecclesiastical banners, etc. 'The upper petals,'
they appear on ecclesiastical banners, etc. 'The upper petals,'
writes Bosio in his description, 'are tawny in Peru, but in New Spain
writes Bosio in his description, 'are tawny in Peru, but in New Spain
they are white, tinged with rose. The filaments above resemble a
they are white, tinged with rose. The filaments above resemble a
blood-coloured fringe, as though suggesting the scourge with which
blood-coloured fringe, as though suggesting the scourge with which
our blessed Lord was tormented. The column rises in the middle. The
our blessed Lord was tormented. The column rises in the middle. The
nails are above it; the crown of thorns encircles the column; and
nails are above it; the crown of thorns encircles the column; and
close in the center of the flower from which the column rises is a
close in the center of the flower from which the column rises is a
portion of a yellow colour, about the size of a reale, in which arc
portion of a yellow colour, about the size of a reale, in which arc
five spots or stains of the hue of blood, evidently setting forth the
five spots or stains of the hue of blood, evidently setting forth the
five wounds received by our Lord on the Cross. The colour of the
five wounds received by our Lord on the Cross. The colour of the
column, the crown, and the nails is a clear green. The crown itself
column, the crown, and the nails is a clear green. The crown itself
is surrounded by a kind of veil, or very fine hair, of a violet
is surrounded by a kind of veil, or very fine hair, of a violet
colour, the filaments of which number seventy-two, answering to the
colour, the filaments of which number seventy-two, answering to the
number of thorns with which, according to tradition, our Lord's crown
number of thorns with which, according to tradition, our Lord's crown
was set; and the leaves of the plant, abundant and beautiful, are
was set; and the leaves of the plant, abundant and beautiful, are
shaped like the head of a lance or pike, referring, no doubt, to that
shaped like the head of a lance or pike, referring, no doubt, to that
which pierced the side of our Savior, whilst they are marked beneath
which pierced the side of our Savior, whilst they are marked beneath
with round spots, signifying the thirty pieces of silver.' "
with round spots, signifying the thirty pieces of silver.' "
Passifloras as gardener's ornamental plants.
Passifloras as gardener's ornamental plants.
(J. J. M. Farrell.)
(J. J. M. Farrell.)
These plants constitute a large family or group of evergreen
These plants constitute a large family or group of evergreen
climbers. They will show to best advantage when they can be planted
climbers. They will show to best advantage when they can be planted
out permanently in a warm conservatory and where they can have
out permanently in a warm conservatory and where they can have
comparatively large space to climb. They may also be grown in pots
comparatively large space to climb. They may also be grown in pots
when the conditions do not permit other methods of handling.
when the conditions do not permit other methods of handling.
Passifloras may be propagated either by cuttings or seeds. They may
Passifloras may be propagated either by cuttings or seeds. They may
be rooted from young growth taken any time from the middle of January
be rooted from young growth taken any time from the middle of January
until April. These cuttings are placed in a warm propagating-bed, and
until April. These cuttings are placed in a warm propagating-bed, and
kept shaded and moist, and in a short tune they will root; they are
kept shaded and moist, and in a short tune they will root; they are
also inserted in small pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, in
also inserted in small pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, in
equal parts, and plunged in the propagating-bed. When rooted, the
equal parts, and plunged in the propagating-bed. When rooted, the
cuttings are potted off, using a compost of loam four parts, leaf-
cuttings are potted off, using a compost of loam four parts, leaf-
mold two parts, well-rotted cow-manure one part, and which should
mold two parts, well-rotted cow-manure one part, and which should
contain enough sand to keep it porous. Keep shaded until they become
contain enough sand to keep it porous. Keep shaded until they become
well established, when they may be given a place well up to the glass
well established, when they may be given a place well up to the glass
in full sun. The passifloras are also readily raised from seed sown
in full sun. The passifloras are also readily raised from seed sown
in spring, and the plants potted off as soon as big enough.
in spring, and the plants potted off as soon as big enough.
The plants will stand a night temperature of 65° to 70°: this can be
The plants will stand a night temperature of 65° to 70°: this can be
increased until it reaches 80° to 85° for a day temperature with sun.
increased until it reaches 80° to 85° for a day temperature with sun.
Give ventilation daily, taking into account the state of the weather;
Give ventilation daily, taking into account the state of the weather;
while they like plenty of heat, they will not do well in a stagnant
while they like plenty of heat, they will not do well in a stagnant
atmosphere; therefore, give air on all favorable occasions. Every
atmosphere; therefore, give air on all favorable occasions. Every
morning in bright weather, give them a good syringing, as this is a
morning in bright weather, give them a good syringing, as this is a
great aid in keeping them in vigor and supplying the desired
great aid in keeping them in vigor and supplying the desired
atmospheric moisture, but this does not mean a very humid atmosphere.
atmospheric moisture, but this does not mean a very humid atmosphere.
By pinching, the plants are made to produce several growths. These
By pinching, the plants are made to produce several growths. These
plants can be shifted until they are in 10- or 12-inch pots. The
plants can be shifted until they are in 10- or 12-inch pots. The
growth may be trained on pillars or along rafters of the
growth may be trained on pillars or along rafters of the
conservatory.
conservatory.
When planted out in about 8 or 10 inches of soil, passifloras will
When planted out in about 8 or 10 inches of soil, passifloras will
cover a very large space, but sometimes to such an extent as to
cover a very large space, but sometimes to such an extent as to
obscure the whole glass. The best place is on a back wall in some
obscure the whole glass. The best place is on a back wall in some
house where they may ramble at will. Keep well syringed until they
house where they may ramble at will. Keep well syringed until they
how flower, when syringing should be discontinued until they are
through blooming. After the plants have covered the position allotted
through blooming. After the plants have covered the position allotted
to them, all that is required is the regulation of the young growth,
to them, all that is required is the regulation of the young growth,
so as to keep them from becoming entangled. In winter they may be cut
so as to keep them from becoming entangled. In winter they may be cut
back and the exhausted soil replaced by good rich compost. They will
back and the exhausted soil replaced by good rich compost. They will
not need a high temperature, doing well in 55° to 60° at night. When
not need a high temperature, doing well in 55° to 60° at night. When
they start off into growth again, keep raising the temperature until
they start off into growth again, keep raising the temperature until
it has reached the figures already stated. They may now be given
it has reached the figures already stated. They may now be given
manure water regularly and throughout the growing season. Keep down
manure water regularly and throughout the growing season. Keep down
thrip, red-spider, and mealy-bug by syringing and sponging.
thrip, red-spider, and mealy-bug by syringing and sponging.
The edible-fruited passifloras. (F. W. Popenoe.)
The edible-fruited passifloras. (F. W. Popenoe.)
The principal species of Passiflora that are cultivated for their
The principal species of Passiflora that are cultivated for their
fruits in tropical and subtropical regions are P. quadrangularis, the
fruits in tropical and subtropical regions are P. quadrangularis, the
granadilla, granadilla real of Costa Rica, barbadine of the French
granadilla, granadilla real of Costa Rica, barbadine of the French
colonies, pasion- aria of Cuba, maracuja melao of Brazil; P. edulis,
colonies, pasion- aria of Cuba, maracuja melao of Brazil; P. edulis,
also called granadilla, as well as passion-fruit; and P. laurifolia,
also called granadilla, as well as passion-fruit; and P. laurifolia,
the water-lemon of the British West Indies, pomme-liane of the French
the water-lemon of the British West Indies, pomme-liane of the French
colonies. While P. quad-rangularis is a common garden plant in
colonies. While P. quad-rangularis is a common garden plant in
tropical America, it is not so extensively grown in any region as is
tropical America, it is not so extensively grown in any region as is
P. edulis in Australia. In the United States these species can be
P. edulis in Australia. In the United States these species can be
grown only in the warmest regions; in California P. edulis is the
grown only in the warmest regions; in California P. edulis is the
only one that is successfully cultivated in the open, the other two
only one that is successfully cultivated in the open, the other two
species being much more susceptible to frost; in south Florida all
species being much more susceptible to frost; in south Florida all
three can be grown, although the tropical species are sometimes
three can be grown, although the tropical species are sometimes
injured by frost.
injured by frost.
The true granadilla (P. quadrangularis) is a strong rapid-growing
The true granadilla (P. quadrangularis) is a strong rapid-growing
climber, frequently planted for ornament in tropical regions and
climber, frequently planted for ornament in tropical regions and
allowed to cover arbors and pergolas. Its brownish yellow ovoid
allowed to cover arbors and pergolas. Its brownish yellow ovoid
fruits are sometimes 8 inches in length, and within the thin brittle
fruits are sometimes 8 inches in length, and within the thin brittle
pericarp is a large number of small flattened seeds surrounded by
pericarp is a large number of small flattened seeds surrounded by
gelatinous pulp and subacid juice. When green, they are sometimes
gelatinous pulp and subacid juice. When green, they are sometimes
boiled and used as a vegetable; when ripe, the acidulous pulp is
boiled and used as a vegetable; when ripe, the acidulous pulp is
refreshing, and is used to prepare cooling drinks, or is eaten with a
refreshing, and is used to prepare cooling drinks, or is eaten with a
spoon directly from the fruit.
spoon directly from the fruit.
The passion-fruit (P. edulis) is considerably smaller than the
The passion-fruit (P. edulis) is considerably smaller than the
granadilla, rarely larger than a hen's egg, and dull purple when
granadilla, rarely larger than a hen's egg, and dull purple when
ripe. Its pulp is slightly more acid than that of the granadilla, but
ripe. Its pulp is slightly more acid than that of the granadilla, but
of very pleasant flavor, and highly esteemed in Queensland and New
of very pleasant flavor, and highly esteemed in Queensland and New
South Wales, where the plant is cultivated commercially. It is used
South Wales, where the plant is cultivated commercially. It is used
for flavoring sherbets, for confectionery, for icing cakes, for
for flavoring sherbets, for confectionery, for icing cakes, for
"trifles,"—a dish composed of sponge cake, fruits, cream, and white
"trifles,"—a dish composed of sponge cake, fruits, cream, and white
of egg,—for jams, and for other table purposes. The pulp is also
of egg,—for jams, and for other table purposes. The pulp is also
eaten directly from the fruit, after adding a little sugar, or is
eaten directly from the fruit, after adding a little sugar, or is
used to prepare a refreshing drink, by beating it up in a glass of
used to prepare a refreshing drink, by beating it up in a glass of
ice-water and adding a pinch of bicarbonate of soda. The plants are
ice-water and adding a pinch of bicarbonate of soda. The plants are
grown on trellises about 6 feet high; at the top of the trellis is
grown on trellises about 6 feet high; at the top of the trellis is
nailed a crosspiece 18 inches long, from the ends of which are run
nailed a crosspiece 18 inches long, from the ends of which are run
two wires, the long branches being allowed to hang down over these to
two wires, the long branches being allowed to hang down over these to
the ground. The rows are placed 15 feet apart, with the vines 15 feet
the ground. The rows are placed 15 feet apart, with the vines 15 feet
apart in the row_. The young plants must be protected in regions
apart in the row_. The young plants must be protected in regions
subject to frost: they begin bearing the second year, sometimes
subject to frost: they begin bearing the second year, sometimes
producing a few fruits the first season, and continue in profitable
producing a few fruits the first season, and continue in profitable
production four to six years, when they must be renewed. By proper
production four to six years, when they must be renewed. By proper
pruning, two crops a year can be secured, in regions not subject to
pruning, two crops a year can be secured, in regions not subject to
frost. The most suitable soil seems to be sandy loam, although other
frost. The most suitable soil seems to be sandy loam, although other
soils will grow the plant successfully. Manure should be supplied
soils will grow the plant successfully. Manure should be supplied
liberally. In Australia, the profits of passion-fruit culture are
liberally. In Australia, the profits of passion-fruit culture are
reported to run from $100 to $300 an acre annually. Because of the
reported to run from $100 to $300 an acre annually. Because of the
short life of the vines, they are often planted as a catch-crop in
short life of the vines, they are often planted as a catch-crop in
young orchards which have not yet come into bearing. Like P. quad-
young orchards which have not yet come into bearing. Like P. quad-
rangularis, this species is often grown as an ornamental plant, and
rangularis, this species is often grown as an ornamental plant, and
makes an excellent and rapid-growing cover for fences and trellises.
makes an excellent and rapid-growing cover for fences and trellises.
The passifloras are easily propagated by seeds or cuttings, the
The passifloras are easily propagated by seeds or cuttings, the
latter method being preferable in most cases. Seeds should be removed
latter method being preferable in most cases. Seeds should be removed
from the fruit, dried in a shady place, and planted in flats of light
from the fruit, dried in a shady place, and planted in flats of light
soil. They do not germinate very quickly, but the young plants are
soil. They do not germinate very quickly, but the young plants are
easily raised, and may be set out in the open ground when six months
easily raised, and may be set out in the open ground when six months
to a year old. Cuttings should be taken from fairly well-matured
to a year old. Cuttings should be taken from fairly well-matured
shoots, and should be about 6 inches in length. They are easily
shoots, and should be about 6 inches in length. They are easily
rooted in sand, no bottom heat being required. Cuttings of P. edulis
rooted in sand, no bottom heat being required. Cuttings of P. edulis
will often fruit in pots at the age of one to two years, and form
will often fruit in pots at the age of one to two years, and form
very interesting greenhouse plants. While this species usually fruits
very interesting greenhouse plants. While this species usually fruits
prolifically, P. quad- rangularis sometimes requires hand-pollination
prolifically, P. quad- rangularis sometimes requires hand-pollination
when grown outside its native habitat.
when grown outside its native habitat.
INDEX
INDEX
