Difference between revisions of "Spiranthes"

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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| name = ''Spiranthes''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| image = Spiranthes cernua(01).jpg
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| image_width = 240px
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| image_caption = ''Spiranthes cernua''
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| tribus = [[Cranichideae]]
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| subtribus = [[Spiranthinae]]
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| genus = '''''Spiranthes'''''
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| genus_authority = [[Louis Claude Richard|Rich.]], 1817
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| type_species = ''Ophrys spiralis'' = ''Spiranthes spiralis''
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| color = IndianRed
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| type_species_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|(L.)]] Chevall. 1827
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| image = Spiranthes spiralis 270805b.jpg
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| subdivision =
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| image_caption = ''Spiranthes spiralis'' in its habitat
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See text.
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| subfamilia = Orchidoideae
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| tribus = Cranichideae
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| subtribus = Spiranthinae
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| genus = Spiranthes
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Spiranthes''''', commonly called Ladies'-tresses, is a genus of orchids (family ([[Orchidaceae]]) belonging to the subfamily [[Orchidoideae]].
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{{Inc|
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Spiranthes (name Greek, referring to the twisted spikes). Orchidaceae. Ladies' Tresses. Terrestrial herbs, few of which have any horticultural value; some of the hardy species are advertised by dealers in native plants and by collectors.
  
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It has a very wide, almost continuous distribution, mostly in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Australia, New Guinea, the Americas and the Caribbean. It is a provincially endangered orchid, in North America it can be found in Manitoba, Ontario and more than 20 American states. They grow in meadows, fields and savannas but are also found in forests, both on acid and calcareous soil. Most species tend to become weeds in disturbed areas, while they may be scarce in undisturbed areas.
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Erect herbs with fleshy or tuberous roots: lvs. mostly at the base or on the lower part of the st.: raceme terminal, twisted; fls. spurless, small or medium-sized: sepals free or more or less united at the top, or united with the petals into a helmet; labellum sessile or clawed, concave, embracing the column and spreading into a crisped, sometimes lobed or toothed blade; pollinia 2, powdery.—Some 200 species, distributed in all parts of the world except the cold regions, but particularly abundant in the tropics of S. Amer.
  
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Plants can grow to a height of 12 to 38 cm (4.5 to 15 inches). Spiranthes consists of perennial, terrestrial orchids with clustered, tuberous or rarely fibrous, fleshy [[root]]s. The leaves are basal or occasionally cauline (i.e. emerging from the stem). They are variable in shape. They range from broadly ovate to elliptic, or absent at flowering.
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S. colorata, N.E. Br. (Neottia speciosa, Jacq.)- Stenorrhynchus.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
  
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The flowering [[Plant stem|stem]] has foliaceous sheaths. The stem is erect and spiraling (as the name ''Spiranthes'' indicates). It carries persistent, sheathing [[bract]]s. The resupinate, tubular  [[flower]]s are arranged in a more or less spirally twisted, showy or inconspicuous terminal spike. Their color is typically a shade of white or yellowish-white or even pink ( as in ''Spiranthes sinensis'').
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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This genus has undergone many taxonomic changes : originally ''Spiranthes'' contained all the species from the subtribe Spiranthinae. In 1920 Schlechter divided this genus in 24 genera. A revision by Williams in 1951 and by Schweinfurth in 1958, inflated the number of species of this genus again. Finally D. Szlachetko, with several studies in the 1990s, divided this genus in several genera, contained in 3 subtribes. During all these changes, there is only one species that has remained taxonomically unchanged : ''Spiranthes parksii''
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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== Species ==
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
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From Wikipedia{{wp}}:
 
* ''[[Spiranthes aestivalis]]'' (Poir.) Rich. (1817) : Summer-flowering [[Spiranthes (Western  & Central Europe to NW. Africa)
 
* ''[[Spiranthes aestivalis]]'' (Poir.) Rich. (1817) : Summer-flowering [[Spiranthes (Western  & Central Europe to NW. Africa)
 
* ''[[Spiranthes angustilabris]]'' J.J.Sm. (1913) (New Guinea)
 
* ''[[Spiranthes angustilabris]]'' J.J.Sm. (1913) (New Guinea)
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Dr. Charles Sheviak, a taxonomist with the New York State Museum, has suggested that ''Spiranthes delitescens'' is an amphiploid hybrid between two species with different chromosome numbers, possibly ''Spiranthes vernalis'' and ''Spiranthes porrifolia'' Sheviak (1990) (Arizona).
 
Dr. Charles Sheviak, a taxonomist with the New York State Museum, has suggested that ''Spiranthes delitescens'' is an amphiploid hybrid between two species with different chromosome numbers, possibly ''Spiranthes vernalis'' and ''Spiranthes porrifolia'' Sheviak (1990) (Arizona).
  
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[[Image:Spiranthes spiralis 270805b.jpg|200px|thumb|right|''Spiranthes spiralis'' in its habitat]]
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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Spiranthes cernua(01).jpg|Spiranthes cernua
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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== References ==
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{{stub}}
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*{{cite journal| author = Schlechter, R. | title = Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae | journal = Beih. Bot. Centralbl. | volume = 37 |pages=317-454| year = 1920}} (in German)
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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*{{cite journal | author = Williams, L.O.| title = The Orchidaceae of Mexico| journal = Ceiba | volume = 2 |pages = 1-321| year = 1951}}
 
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*{{cite journal | author = Schweinfurt C. | title = Orchids of Peru | journal = Fieldiana Bot. | volume = 30| pages = 1-260| year = 1958}}
 
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*{{cite journal | author = Szlachetko D.L. | title = Studies on Spirantheae (Orchidaceae) I. Varia | journal = Fragm. Flor. Geobot.|volume = 41| pages = 845-863| year = 1996}}
 
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*{{cite journal | author = Sheviak C. | title = A new Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) from the cienegas of southernmost Arizona | journal = Rhodora | volume = 92 | pages = 213-231 | year = 1990}}
 
  
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{{Commons|Spiranthes}}
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Orchid genera]]
 
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[[Category:Orchids of New Zealand]]
 

Latest revision as of 00:38, 18 July 2009


Spiranthes spiralis in its habitat


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Orchidaceae >

Spiranthes >



Read about Spiranthes in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Spiranthes (name Greek, referring to the twisted spikes). Orchidaceae. Ladies' Tresses. Terrestrial herbs, few of which have any horticultural value; some of the hardy species are advertised by dealers in native plants and by collectors.

Erect herbs with fleshy or tuberous roots: lvs. mostly at the base or on the lower part of the st.: raceme terminal, twisted; fls. spurless, small or medium-sized: sepals free or more or less united at the top, or united with the petals into a helmet; labellum sessile or clawed, concave, embracing the column and spreading into a crisped, sometimes lobed or toothed blade; pollinia 2, powdery.—Some 200 species, distributed in all parts of the world except the cold regions, but particularly abundant in the tropics of S. Amer.

S. colorata, N.E. Br. (Neottia speciosa, Jacq.)- Stenorrhynchus. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

From Wikipediawp:

  • Spiranthes aestivalis (Poir.) Rich. (1817) : Summer-flowering [[Spiranthes (Western & Central Europe to NW. Africa)
  • Spiranthes angustilabris J.J.Sm. (1913) (New Guinea)
  • Spiranthes brevilabris Lindl. (1840) : Texas Ladies'-tresses (SE. U.S.A. to East Texas)
    • Spiranthes brevilabris var. brevilabris
    • Spiranthes brevilabris var. floridana (Wherry) Luer (1972).
  • Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise (1974 publ. 1975) : Case's ladies'-tresses (Eastern Canada to NE. U.S.A.)
    • Spiranthes casei var. casei
    • Spiranthes casei var. novaescotiae Catling (1981) (Nova Scotia)
  • Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. (1817) : Nodding Ladies'-tresses (Eastern Canada to Central & Eastern U.S.A.)
  • Spiranthes delitescens Sheviak (1990) : Reclusive Ladies'-tresses (Arizona)
  • Spiranthes diluvialis Sheviak (1984) : Ute's Ladies'-tresses (NW. U.S.A. to Nebraska)
  • Spiranthes eatonii Ames ex P.M.Br. (1999) : Eaton's Ladies'-tresses (SE. U.S.A. to E. Texas)
  • Spiranthes graminea Lindl. in G.Bentham (1840) : Canelo Ladies'-tresses (Arizona, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua)
  • Spiranthes hongkongensis S.Y.Hu & Barretto (1976)(Hong Kong)
  • Spiranthes infernalis Sheviak (1989): Ash Meadows Ladies'-tresses (Nevada)
  • Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. (1833) : Northern Slender Ladies'-tresses (C. & E. Canada to C. & E. U.S.A)
    • Spiranthes lacera var. gracilis : Slender Ladies'-tresses (Bigelow) Luer (1975) (S. Ontario to C. & E. U.S.A.)
    • Spiranthes lacera var. lacera
  • Spiranthes laciniata (Small) Ames (1905): Lace-lipped Ladies'-tresses (New Jersey to E. Texas)
  • Spiranthes longilabris Lindl. (1840) : Giant-spiral Ladies'-tresses (SE. U.S.A. to E. Texas)
  • Spiranthes lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames (1908) : Shining Ladies'-tresses (SE. Canada, NC. & E. U.S.A.)
  • Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak (1973) : Great Plains Ladies'-tresses (S. Canada to C. & EC. U.S.A.)
  • Spiranthes nebulorum Catling & V.R.Catling (1988) (Mexico, Guatemala)
  • Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb. (1932) : Yellow Nodding Ladies'-tresses (SE. Canada to E. U.S.A.)
  • Spiranthes odorata (Nutt.) Lindl. (1840) : Fragrant Ladies'-tresses, Marsh Ladies'-tresses (SE. U.S.A. to SE. Oklahoma)
  • Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. (1840) : October ladies'-tresses (Ontario to EC. & SE. U.S.A.)
    • Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata Catling (1983).
    • Spiranthes ovalis var. ovalis
  • Spiranthes parksii Correll (1947): Navasota Ladies'-tresses (Texas)
  • Spiranthes porrifolia Lindl. (1840) : Leek-leaved Ladies'-tresses, Creamy ladies'-tresses (W. USA)
  • Spiranthes praecox (Walter) S.Watson in A.Gray (1890) : Early-blooming [[Spiranthes, Green-vein ladies'-tresses (New Jersey to E. Texas)
  • Spiranthes pusilla (Blume) Miq. (1859) (Sumatra)
  • Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. (1828) : Hooded Ladies'-tresses (Great Britain, Ireland, Subarctic America to N. & WC. U.S.A)
  • Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames (1908) : Chinese [[Spiranthes (E. European Russia to Pacific, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Philippines, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Guinea, Samoa, Vanuatu)
    • Spiranthes sinensis f. autumnus Tsukaya (2005) (Japan)
  • Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. (1827) : Spiraled [[Spiranthes (Europe, Mediterranean to W. Himalaya)
  • Spiranthes torta (Thunb.) Garay & H.R.Sweet in R.A.Howard (1974): Southern ladies'-tresses (Florida, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America)
  • Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. (1833) : Little Ladies'-tresses (E. & EC. U.S.A)
  • Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray (1845): Spring Ladies'-tresses (Quebec, E. & EC. U.S.A, Mexico, Guatemala, Bahamas)

Natural hybrids

Since the species do not readily cross with each other, hybrids are rare in this genus.

  • Spiranthes × intermedia Ames (1903) (SE. Canada to NE. U.S.A.)
  • Spiranthes × itchetuckneensis P.M.Br. (1999) (Florida)
  • Spiranthes × simpsonii Catling & Sheviak (1993) (SE. Canada to NC. U.S.A)

Dr. Charles Sheviak, a taxonomist with the New York State Museum, has suggested that Spiranthes delitescens is an amphiploid hybrid between two species with different chromosome numbers, possibly Spiranthes vernalis and Spiranthes porrifolia Sheviak (1990) (Arizona).

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

  • Spiranthes cernua

References

External links


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