Difference between revisions of "Dendrobium"

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Dendrobium (tree and life; they are epiphytic). Orchidaceae. Epiphytic orchids of great horticultural merit, grown in hothouses and greenhouses.
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Pseudobulbs (sts.), tufted or arising at intervals from a creeping st. sometimes very short and thick, more commonly elongated and often thickened at or near the base, naked or leafy at time of flowering: fls. usually showy, rarely small, in terminal or lateral racemes  which are long and lax or short and dense, sometimes of a few fls., or sometimes reduced to 1 or 2; sepals about equal, the dorsal free, the lateral adnate obliquely to the foot of the column, forming either a short sac-like or long spur-like foot or mentum; petals usually resembling the dorsal sepal, either broader or narrower; lip jointed or adnate to foot of column, 3-lobed or entire; pollinia 4.—A large genus of about 600 species, ranging from India and Ceylon to Austral., New Zeal., Japan, and the Pacific Isls., being especially numerous in the Malay Archipelago. There are numerous hybrids, artifically produced.
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There are two well-marked sections in this genus for the guide of the cultivator, the evergreen and the deciduous. The first named should not be allowed to become dry at the roots at any period, or loss of vigor will result. Among these, also, are some that need warm- house treatment all the time, such as D. Phalaenopsis, D. bigibbum, D. Bensoniae, D. Brymerianum, D. Dearei, and others. There are, in fact, but few among the evergreen species that need a coolhouse, and of these D. formosum, D. infundibulum and its variety Jamesianum are conspicuous. Apart from these, the evergreen dendrobes should be kept in a warmhouse during winter where 60° F. may be maintained.— All the deciduous species (typified by D. Nobile, D. Wardianum and D. Pierardii) need a marked resting period, easily determined by the finishing up of the growth in autumn, and the swelling of the nodes for flowering in spring. When at rest, it does not hurt the plants to be subjected to a low temperature of 45°, and it may be done to retard plants for later blooming, allowing the day heat to be regulated by the sun, with plenty of ventilation on favorable days. After the pseudobulbs have flowered, they cease to be of value to the plants, and should be cut out; if there are portions that have not produced flower-buds, these may be used for propagation, cutting the pieces into lengths of several joints or nodes, and laying them on moss in a warm propagating-house or -case, when they will soon produce growths. The above also applies to the hybrids, now so numerous, that have been raised from the deciduous Indian species.—Another section that requires warmth in winter, and now very much grown for cut bloom, is represented by D. Phalaenopsis and D. bigibbum. These are Australian, quite distinct in growth, and usually short-lived in cultivation. The flowers are produced freely for a few years, are very decorative, and the plants may be increased by taking off the young plants that often appear on the stems. These often can be grown on to strong flowering specimens, and thus the stock maintained. When wintered in a temperature less than 60°, the plants suffer, and great care is necessary at the time the young growths appear in spring to prevent damping off. Small pots or pans are best, and always keep the plants suspended near the sun and air. The evergreen tropical species, as D. densiflorum, D. thyrsiflorum, D. aggregatum, D. Farmeri, D. moschatum, D. fimbriatum and D. Dalhousieanum, also need warmth in winter and must not be dried severely during the resting-period or loss of vigor will ensue at the price of blooming. This section of the genus produces flowers from the old stems for many years. It frequently happens that growths made in India will bloom long after the plants have become established in gardens. It is thus unwise to cut old growths unless they become withered or dead. Enough water may be given to keep the plants plump, and the flowers will be produced freely in their season. In some species, growth begins before or at the time of bloom. This is usually a sign of extra vigor and should not be discouraged. The proper time to repot with all plants of flowering age, is when they begin to recuperate in early summer after the bloom is past; young roots will be seen pushing  out at the base of the stems, and if this is anticipated by a week or two, the new material is soon taken to by the roots and no check is experienced. Good sound osmundine is the best material, always using small receptacles rather than large, and if larger than a 6-inch pot or pan, use perforated ones. The roots do not like exposure, but the material will be kept in a sweet healthy condition. Moss is best avoided in most cases; it often fails to grow, and is inimical to the welfare of the plants; when it does grow, it holds too much moisture about the roots. (E. O. Orpet.)
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D. acuminatum. Rolfe=Sarcopodium acuminatum.—D. amplum, Lindl. =Sarcopodium amplum.—D. annamense, Rolfe. Fls. buff-yellow, rather membranous. Annam.—D. arcuatum, J. J. Smith. Fls. white, with stout spurs curved forward at the tip. Java.—D. Ashworthiae, O'Brien. Fls. cream-white, except a few purple streaks at base of lip, the sepals lanceolate or triangular, the petals clawed. New Guinea. B.M. 8141. G.C. III. 29:86. C.O. 39.—D. atroviolaceum, Rolfe. Racemes many-fld., the fls. about 3 in. across, the sepals and petals primrose-yellow, claret- spotted, the lip 3-lobed, the disks violet, white-striped, the middle lobe recurved, dark violet streaked white at base, the upper part yellow, claret-spotted. New Guinea. B.M. 7371. C.O. 12. O.K. 3:305; 9:152; 16:69. G.W. 14, p. 407. J.H.III. 50:355.—D. bellatulum, Rolfe. Dwarf, tufted: fls. 1 or 2, axillary, white with a vermilion lip. China. B.M. 7985. G.C. III. 36:114.—D. bicaudatum, Reinw. Sepals and petals whitish, changing to greenish yellow, with faint purple lines; lip elongated; white. Java.—C. Brandtii, Kranzl. Resembles D. Phalaenopsis. Fls. more fleshy, mauve-purple with silvery crests to the lip; sepals and petals twisted or curled.—D. capituliflorum, Rolfe. Fls. in dense axillary heads, greenish white, with column and disk of lip bright green. New Guinea.—D. cilliatum, Parish. Sepals and petals yellowish green, the lip yellow, purple-lined. Moulmein. B.M. 5430. G.W. 11. p. 340. Var. annamense, Hort. A white-fld. form with fringed lip, purple at the base. Annam.—D. Coelogyne, Reichb. f.—* Sarcopodium Coelogyne. C.O. 32.—D. compactum, Rolfe. A small- growing species: sepals and petals pure white, linear, acuminate; lip nearly as lone as sepals, light green. China.—D. convolutum, Rolfe. Sepals and petals light green, with a few small dark brown markings at the base; lip green and dark brown. New Guinea.—D. criniferum, Lindl. "Fls. lasting only a .single day, whitish, with a 3-lobed lip which breaks up in front into a fringe of long spreading yellow filaments." Malaya. G.C. III. 43:194.—D. cucumerinum. M'Leay. Dwarf: lvs. oblong, terete, with tubercles arranged in lines: fla. 3-5, white or yellowish, purple-streaked. New S. Wales. J.F. 4:358. B.M. 4619.—D. delicatulum, Kranzl—=D. subacaule. —D. delicatum. Bailey. Sepals and petals milky white the lip white, violet-lined, the callus golden, minutely violet-dotted New Guinea. G. 34:245.—D. epidendropsis, Kranzl. Resembling an epidendrum: fls. greenish or yellow outside, yellow inside, about 1½ in. long. Philippines.—D. Faulhaberianum, Schltr. Fls. violet-rose; lateral sepals forming a mentum scarcely ½ in. long. Hainan.—D.fusiforme, Bailey=D. speciosum fusiforme —D. glomeratum, Rolfe. Fls. rose- purple, in few-fld. fascicles, the lip golden carmine. Molucca. Gn. 65,p. 123.—D. Goldschmidtianum, Kranzl. Over afoot high: racemes short, about 12-fld.; fls. deep rose-purple. Formosa.—D. Hilde- brandii, Rolfe. Racemes axillary, 3-4-fld.; sepals and petals white, the lip primrose-yellow, the tube pubescent externally. Burma. B.M. 7453. O.R. 3:49; 12:153; 16:26.—D. Hodgkinsonii, Rolfe. Raceme 5-7-fld., terminal; fls. pale green, the lip purple- nerved. New Guinea. B.M. 7724.—D. Imthurnii, Rolfe. Probably the most robust of all dendrobiums in cult.: racemes axillary, many- fld.; fls. of medium size, white, with lilac streaks on lateral lobes of lip. New Hebrides. B.M. 8452.—D. inaequale. Rolfe. Flowering pseudobulbs separate from leafy ones, clavate, the fls. secund, arising alternately from the margin of the internodes; sepals and petals white, the lip tubular, pale yellow, purple-streaked inside. New Guinea. B.M. 7745.—D. Jerdonianum, Wight=D. nutans.— D. kardense, Schlecht. Fls. solitary in axil of lf. at apex of the St., small, white. A curious species. New Guinea.—D. Madonnae, Rolfe=D. rhodostictum.—D. monophyllum, F. Muell. In habit resembling a bulbophyllum: racemes with 9-15 greenish yellow fls. Austral.—D. Mortii, F. Muell. Fls. solitary; sepals and petals light yellow; lip whitish, marked with lilac with 3 undulate green keels on disk. New S. Wales.—D. muricatum munificum, Finet.= Inobulbon munificum.—D. nutans. Lindl. Fls. short, in few-fld. racemes, golden; sheaths hispidulous. Malabar. B.M. 7741. C.O. 28 (as D. Jerdonianum).—D. puniceum, Rolfe. Fls. in racemes, light rose-pink, with light yellow tips to the sepals and petals. New Guinea.—D. quinarium, Rolfe. "Fls. light yellow with several light brown nerves in front of lip." New Guinea.— D. rhodostictum, F. Muell. Fls. white, with a few purple spots on margins of lateral lobes of lip. New Guinea. B.M. 7900 (as D. Madonna;). G.C. III. 43:162.—D. rosellum. Ridley. Fls. rose- colored. Borneo.—D. roseo-nervatum, Schlecht. Fls. pole rose, borne at the summits of the sts. Sumatra.—D. Sanderae, Rolfe. Pseudobulbs up to 3 ft. long, leafy: racemes lateral, 3-4-fld.; fls. large, white, the lip with purple stripes on the disk and lateral lobes, the middle lobe obovate, truncate, crenulate. S. E. Asia. B.M. 8351. G.C. HI. 45:374. G.M. 52:621. O.K. 17:209.—D. Schinzii, Rolfe. Fls. pale green, very fugacious. Sumatra.—D. Schuetzei, Rolfe. Fls. very large, white. A new species of the D, Dearii group.—D. senile, Pav. & Reichb. f. Pseudobulbs fusiform, hairy, as are the lvs.: fls. in pairs or solitary, fleshy, rich yellow, with a few orange streaks on lip. Burma, Tenasserim. Moulmein. B.M. 5520. G.W. 9, p. 422.—D. spathaceum, Lindl. A small species with slender pseudobulbs: fls. white. Sikkim.—D. speciosum fusiforme. Bailey. Pseudobulbs fusiform: fls. pale sulfur or straw- color to nearly white, the lip white, marked with violet. Austral. G. 33:361. G.C. III. 41:337.—D. spectabile, Miq. Pseudobulbs up to 2 ft., clavate, grooved: fls. 3 in. across, white, streaked and spotted with dark purple, the sepals and petals undulate, recurved, the former triangular-lanceolate, the petals much narrower; lip undulate, narrowly panduriform, the narrow lanceolate tip recurved. New Guinea and Solomon Isls. B.M. 7747. C.O. 22. A.G. 21:239. G.M. 43:53. Var. Simmondsii, Hort. Lip much longer than in the type, white, veined with dark purple.—D. spurium, J. J. Smith. Fls. solitary; sepals and petals white. A distinct and singular species. Java, Borneo.—D. striatum, Hort. "Sepals and petals narrow and nearly equal; labellum as long as petals, narrow, with sides folded back, whitish tinged with rose." Philippines.—D. subacaule, Reinw. Fls. fragrant, white speckled with purple on lip; lip with very short apiculate middle lobe. Queensland. —D, taurinum, Lindl. Pseudobulbs cylindric: racemes many-fld.; fls. large, the sepals white, the petals and lip pale rose, intensely striated. Philippines. G.C. III. 31:90. B.R. 29:28. — D. tonkinense, De Wild. Lip entire, furnished with crests, the median one very prominent. Tonquin.—D. Treacherianum, Reichb. f. = Sarcopodium Treacherianum.—D. triflorum, Lindl.=Sarcopodium cymbidioides.—D. undulatum var. Broomfieldii, Fitzgerald. Fls. pale greenish yellow. N. Austral.—D. Victoriae-reginae, Loher. Racemes few-fld.; sepals and petals white at the base, violet-purple above, the lip golden at the base, violet-purple above, marked with black-purple lines of papilla;. Philippines. G.M. 51:610; 54:556. Gn. 75, p. 370. C.O. 21. O.K. 20:17.—D. Williamsii, Day & Reichb. f. Pseudobulbs up to 1 ft. tall, hairy, as well as the lvs.: fls. usually in pairs, 2½-3 in. across, ivory-white or yellowish, the throat of lip bright orange-red. N. E. India. B.M. 7974. G.C. III. 35:341.—D. Wilsonii, Rolfe. Racemes 2- or 3-fld.; fls. delicate pink or nearly white, with small yellow blotch on disk of lip. W. China.—D. Wolterianum, Schltr. Racemes many- fld. ; fls. rose-colored. New Guinea.
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The following are some of the hybrid forms: D. Ainsworthii, Moore (D. aureum X D. nobile). Fls. white, more or less suffused with rose, the lip with a feathered purple spot. C.O. 1. Gn. 51, p. 338. G.C. II. 16:624. J.H. III. 62:281.—D. Apollo grandiflorum = D. rubens.—D. Artemis=D. aureum X D. Ainsworthii. O.R. 14:72.—D. Aspasia=D. aureum XD. Wardianum. O.R. 1:137.— D. Aspasia=D. aureum xD. Linawianum. G 29:35.—D. Cassiope=D. moniliforme X D. nobile. C.O. 2.—D. chrysodiscus= D. Ainsworthii xD. Findlayanum.—D. Cur<i»ii=D. aureum XD. Cassiope. Gn. 69, p. 145. O.R. 14:73.—D. Dalhausii-nobile = D. nobile xD. pulchellum. G.C. III. 27:379.—D. dominyanum=D. nobile X D. Linawianum.—D. dulce=D. aureum X D. Linawianum. —D. Edithae=-D. nobile nobilusxD. aureum.—D. endocharis= D. aureum XD. monileforme. G. 32:293. G.Z. 36, p. 195.— D. euosmum=T). endocharis x D. nobile.—D. Leechianum=D. aureum X D. nobile. R.H. 1904:280. C.O. la.—D. melanodiscus gloriosa=D. Ainsworthii X D. Findlayanum. G.C. III. 35:219.—D. melanodiscus pallens=D. Ainsworthii X D. Findlayanum. J.H. III. 50:25.—D. Roeblingianum,='D. nobile xD. ramosum. Gn. 59, p. 198, desc.—D. Rolfeae=D. nobile XD. primulinum.—D. Rolfeae roseum=D. nobile X D. primulinum. Gn. W. 18:541.—D. rubens grandiflorum=D. Ainsworthii X D. nobile. G.M. 53:206.—D. Schneiderianum='D. aureum X D. Findlayanum.—D. splendidissimum grandiflorum='D. nobile X D. aureum. G.M. 43:179. Gn. 65, p. 140.—D. Thwaitesae='D. Ainsworthii X D. Wiganiae. G.M. 47:273.—D. Venus=D. nobile X D. Falconeri. G.M. 51:459. C.O. 3.—D. Wiganiae=D. nobile X D. signatum.—D. Wiganiae xanthochilum=D. nobile X D. signatum. Gn. W.20:161.—D. Wig- anianum=D. Hildebrandii X D. nobile. G.M. 44:167.—D. xanthocentron=D. Wardianum X D. Linawianum.
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George V. Nash.
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Latest revision as of 11:23, 29 August 2009


Read about Dendrobium in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

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The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Dendrobium
Dendrobium lindleyi
Dendrobium lindleyi
Plant Info
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Dendrobieae
Subtribe: Dendrobiinae
Genus: Dendrobium
Sw, 1799

Species
1190 species;
see List of Dendrobium species

Dendrobium Swartz is a large genus of tropical orchids that consists of about 1200 species. The genus occurs in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The name is from the Greek dendron (meaning tree) and bios (meaning life).

The species are either epiphytic, growing on a tree, or occasionally lithophytic, growing over a rock. They have adapted to a wide variety of habitats, from the high altitudes in the Himalayan mountains to lowland tropical forests and even to the dry climate of the Australian desert.

The orchids in this genus often develop pseudobulbs, which unite into a long reedlike stem with a typical length of more than 30 cm. Some appear densely covered with short white hairs. The short, ovate leaves grow alternately over the whole length of the stems. The axillary flower buds develop into short flower stalks with one or two terminal flowers. The orchids grow quickly throughout summer, but take a long rest during winter. In the spring, new shoots are formed from the base of the main plant and the dormant buds come back into action. The blooming flowers are found on pseudobulbs formed in the previous year.

Some species are in great demand by orchid lovers. This has resulted in numerous varieties and hybrids, such as the Dendrobium nobile varieties, which have greatly extended the range of colors of the original flower from the Himalayas.

Kimilsungia, one of the national flowers of North Korea, is the cultivar Dendrobium 'Kim il Sung'.

Taxonomical Work

In 1981, Briegar reclassified all terete leaved Dendrobiums from Australia and New Guinea into a new genus, Dockrillia.

The sole New Zealand representative, Dendrobium cunninghamii has now been moved into a monotypic genus, Winika.

In 1989, Clements upgraded D. speciosum complex into individual species[1].

Species with a common name

Dendrobium chrysotoxum

  • Cooktown orchids Dendrobium bigibbum

  • Dendrobium delacourii

  • Dendrobium x delicatum (a natural hybrid)

  • Dendrobium densiflorum

  • Dendrobium densiflorum x farmeri pink (a hybrid)

  • Dendrobium fuerstenbergianum

  • Dendrobium hercoglossum

  • Dendrobium kingianum

  • Dendrobium Mini Brown (a man-made hybrid)

  • Dendrobium nobile

  • Dendrobium parishii

  • Dendrobium unicum

  • Dendrobium thysiflorum.jpg

  • Painting of a typical Dendrobium, by I. V. Passmoore; probably the hybrid Dendrobium Lucky Seven

References

  • [1] Clements MA (1989) Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae. Australian Orchid Research 1: 1–62.

External links

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