Difference between revisions of "Planting"

From Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(Created page with '__NOTOC__{{Plantbox | latin_name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name --> | common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -…')
 
Line 609: Line 609:
 
Lonicera japónica var. Halliana (twining).
 
Lonicera japónica var. Halliana (twining).
 
Lycium chínense and L . halimifolium. Both are shrubs with recurving trailing stems which do not twine. Plant must be fastened to its support. Excellent to hold banks, but very vigorous and may become a nuisance.
 
Lycium chínense and L . halimifolium. Both are shrubs with recurving trailing stems which do not twine. Plant must be fastened to its support. Excellent to hold banks, but very vigorous and may become a nuisance.
 +
Tall-growing vines reaching eaves of the house.
 +
Actinidia arguta (vigorous; dark glossy foliage, twining).
 +
Aristolochia macrophylla. Twining; large Heavy foliage; should not be used unless dense shadeis desired.
 +
Campsis radicans. This is a heavy vine climbing by root-like holdfasts which are too weak to hold it in storm or wind; must be fastened to its support. Somewhat tender in the N. and usually has more or less dead wood. Better when used as porch or pillar vine where it can be reached and pruned easily.
 +
Celaatrus scandens (twining).Parthenocissus. All kinds; tendrils with or without disks.
 +
Wisteria chinensis. The finest of tall-growing vines; vigorous and hardy at all times.Vines for foliage only. All in the following list are deciduous, i. e., drop their leaves in winter. The only evergreen vines which can be used in the North are Evonymus radicans and Hedera helix. Even the foliage of Evonymus radicans will occasionally burn in winter although it is hardier than English ivy in this respect. Vinca minor and Pachysandra terminalis are good creeping plants for evergreen ground-cover and Hall's honeysuckle is semi-evergreen, holding good foliage until Christmas. Other flowering vines also good in foliage arc Clematis paniculata, Forsythia suspensa, which is a shrub with recurving and trailing stems excellentfor running over a bank or hanging down a wall, Rosa Wichuraiana and some of its many hybrids,and Wisteria chinensis.
 +
Actinidia arguta.
 +
Akebia quinata. Very graceful vine with delicate five-parted foliage.
 +
semi-evergreen, remaining until January; twining. Aristolochia macrophylla.
 +
Celastrus scandens (berries red and orange all winter; twining).
 +
Lycium halimifolium.
 +
Parthenocissus quinquefolia. Beautiful red autumn color; first vine
 +
to color in the fall; climbs by tendrils usually without disks
 +
except in var. Engelmannii. Parthenocissus tricuspidata var. Veitchii (beautiful autumn color;
 +
climbs by tendrils ending in disks). Smilax rotundifolia. A vigorous wild vine with thick
  
 +
glossy foliage
 +
enduring both shade and wet soil. Vitis Coignetiae. From Japan; a vigorous grower with immense
 +
leathery leaves usually brown felty beneath; the foliage is
 +
especially strong and bold and turns a rich red color in fall.
  
 +
Vines for flower. Plants marked with an asterisk(*) have attractive foliage as well as bloom
 +
Campsis radicans. A heavy vine.
 +
Clematis Jackmanii. Climbs by twisting leaf-stems. Flowers large and purple. C. Jackmanii var.alba is similar, but the flowers are creamy white. Both of these are good vines for bloom in July and August.
 +
Clematis paniculata. Climbs as does the preceding species. Flowers small and white, covering
 +
 +
plant with a mass of bloom in September and October. Foliage remains glossy green, good until
 +
 +
December. The best fall-blooming vine.
 +
Forsythia suspensa. Flowers yellow, appearing before the leaves covering the plant with a mass of bloom in April. Flower- buds of ten killed by cold in the northern tier of states.
 +
Lonicera Heckrottii. Climbs by twining. This is a hybrid which blooms continuously during July,August, and September. The flowers are rose outside and yellow inside, and as open and closed flowers are present at the same time they make a very handsome showing. The only objection to the plant is that it is badly infested with aphids or green-flies.
 +
Lonicera japonica var. Halliana. Bloom profuse and fragrant; flowers white, fading yellow in June and July.
 +
Rambler roses, in order of bloom, June and July. These must be tied up. but are hardy without protection except possibly in the northern tier of states. In such cold places one must be content with the upright shrubby Rosa rugosa in white, and red varieties, both single and double, beginning in early June; with the white Rosa multiflora, beginning from middle to late June; and with the pink Prairie, or Michigan, rose (Rosa setigera) which does not begin until the second week in July. R. multiflora and R. setigera are both shrubs with arching habit and have produced many Rambler  roses.Of the varieties following ,those marked with the a dagger(+) are the  best: + Tausendscbon middle June,double,delicate pink,larger than Dorothy Perkins; Lady Duncan, single, rich salmon-pink; +Excelsa, late June, or early July, a long-season rose,double, rich crimson, a new variety, blooming at the same season as the old Crimson Rambler, but a better color; Dorothy Perkins, early July, double pink; white Dorothy Perkins, a white variety of the preceding; Alberic Barbier, middle July, semi-double or double creamy white, yellow in center, dark yellow in bud, excellent glossy foliage; Aviator Bleriot is a new variety, very similar to Alberic Barbier; +Hiawatha. middle July, a long-season rose, single, bright red with white center and yellow stamens; +Mrs. H. M.Walsh, middle July, double, white,same long season and good foliage as Rosa Wichuraiana, the Memorial rose of which it is practically a
 +
double form; +R.Wichuraiana, which is blooming at this time, is the parent of many of the varieties named above, and  is itself a very attractive rose.
 +
Wisteria chinensis. A strong, twining vine, with long, hanging clusters of white or purple
 +
 +
flowers, according to variety, in middle and late May. Leaves alternate, compound, large, loose, and feathery. Beautiful in flower, graceful in habit, satisfactory in foliage, and vigorous and hardy at all times.
 +
Large trees for wind protection and for background setting to the house.
 +
Deciduous: These deciduous types are dense and compact in habit and make a good screen or background even after the leaves are gone in winter.
 +
Acer platanoides.
 +
Acer saccharum.
 +
Esculus Hippocastanum.
 +
Fagus sylvatica.
 +
Quercus alba.
 +
Tilia europaea.
 +
Evergreen: The Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea excelsa), and Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens) are probably the three most commonly planted evergreen trees. The Scotch pine is the best of the three for neutral mass planting but none is so satisfactory as the hemlock or the pines listed below. The Scotch pine has an irregular spreading habit with bluish green foliage, salmon-colored limbs and trunk and picturesque habit when old. It grows rapidly but is shortlived in America. The Norway spruce and Colorado blue spruce are both conical
 +
evergreens and for this reason alone they are always emphatic and conspicuous. Even when planted in mass the individuals are so distinct that it requires years for them to merge into a uniform solid mass. Comparing a solid planting of Norway spruce with a similar planting of
 +
hemlock, it is seen that in fhe former every individual spruce is stiff and conical and remains so for years, while the hemlocks with their graceful form and habit have lost their individuality and merged into one indefinite mass. The Norway spruce is also too somber and
 +
funereal for cheerful home-ground planting. It is also short-lived in America and while hardy and rapid-growing it begins to go back and die at the top after forty or fifty years except in very favorable locations. The Colorado blue spruce is also short-lived in the eastern states and is altogether too conspicuous and emphatic both in form and color for neutral background planting.
 +
Pinus austriaca.
 +
Pinus resinosa.
 +
Pinus Strobus,
 +
Pseudotsuga taxifolia. This is a large conical tree like Norway spruce and therefore not so good for neutral background planting as either the pines or the hemlock mentioned in this same list. But it is the best of the conical spruce or fir type because more graceful in habit, with
 +
soft more flexible foliage which is green or gray-green in color. It is a vigorous grower and though little known it is a very promising evergreen tree. Only the Rocky Mountain form is hardy in tne East.
 +
Tsuga canadensis, the common hemlock.
 +
Rapid-growing trees for screens. As a class, the rapid- growing trees are weak-wooded and transient. They are cheap and are usually thought of as fillers for temporary or quick effects until more permanent trees can be established.
 +
Deciduous:
 +
Acer Negundo.
 +
Acer saccharinum.
 +
Populus, Carolina poplar.
 +
Evergreen:
 +
Picea excelsa.
 +
Pinus sylvestris. These are probably the fastest growing evergreen trees but they are not so long-lived as white pine, nor do they make either as graceful or as effective screen.
 +
Screens tall and narrow (10 to 15 feet). Space the plants 2-3 feet apart in single row. For taller and more rapid-growing material, use Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. italica), or
 +
upright sugar maple (Acer saccharum var. monumentale), 6 feet apart in the row. This latter is a new and very desirable form. It is durable and slower-growing like the sugar maple but narrow and upright like the Lombardy poplar. Bolle's poplar (Populus alba var. pyramidalis) is a
 +
narrow upright form of the European white poplar and is just as undesirable as that tree. Moreover, the white woolly coating on the under side of the leaves makes the tree very conspicuous and when pronounced color is thus added to narrow upright form the tree becomes too emphatic for ordinary use. The Lombardy poplar with its normal green foliage is much safer to use when either vertical emphasis or a tall narrow screen is needed.
 +
Deciduous:
 +
Carpinus Betulus var. globosa. This is a compact upright variety of the European hornbeam. Excellent hedge-plant but very slow- growing. A plant standing in the open at Arnold Arboretum, Boston, has grown 6 feet wide and 12 feet high in 25 years. Perfectly hardy and,like Berberis Thunbergii, so dense that it makes a definite screen even after the leaves have fallen.
 +
Quercus pedunculata var. fastigiata compacta (a compact upright form of the English oak).
 +
Evergreen :Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. This is little known in the East as yet but has all the requirements for an ideal hedge-plant, tall and narrow. Plante observed in the open at Ithaca, New York, are perfectly hardy and have grown 5 feet wide and 7 feet high in twelve years. They
 +
have not been protected nor trimmed nor specially cared for in any way. They are upright and oval in shape and very dense and compact. The foliage is thick and soft to the touch.
 +
Juniperus chinensis. Resembles the native red cedar, J. vir- giniana, but is better because the foliage does not brown in winter. Also the leaves are more spreading and their bluish gray upper surfaces more noticeable which gives the spray a fuller and lighter-colored appearance.
 +
Juniperus communis var. hibernica. This should be trained in the nursery to one central stem. When young the Irish juniper is a handsome narrow upright plant with bright gray-green foliage; but it grows much more rapidly than other cedars and soon looks miserable because, as now grown, its more or less equal upright parts become too heavy to support themselves and spread apart destroying the symmetry of the plant as well as revealing the dead and unsightly inner foliage.
 +
Juniperus virginiana.
 +
Taxus baccata var. hibernica (not quite hardy above N. Y. City).
 +
Thuya occidentalis var. pyramidalis.
 +
Thuya orientalis. This resembles the native arborvitae but is more handsome. Its branches and branchlets are also more distinctly vertical and the foliage smaller and brighter green.
 +
 +
Shrubs for screen border-planting.
 +
Small (2 to 4  feet) (other native plants not so dense in
 +
habit but with good foliage will make very effective screen-planting when massed together):
 +
Deciduous :
 +
Berberís Thunbergii (occasionally 6 feet).
 +
Catalpa Bungei. This is the trade name for C. bignonioides var. nana. It is simply a dwarf variety of the southern catalpa and makes a dense round bush when growing on its own roots. It is often grafted high on upright stem and planted as a substitute for bay trees.
 +
Chaenomeles japonica.
 +
Deutxia gracílis (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Deutxia Lemoinei (3 to 4 feet).
 +
Dirca palustris. This has thornless flexible leathery twigs but is dense and symmetrical like Berberis Thunbergii. If allowed to grow naturally it will make good low hedge.
 +
Hypericum aureum.
 +
Hypericum prolificum.
 +
Kerria japonica.
 +
Ligustrum ibota var. Regelianum.
 +
Ligustrum ovalifolium. This is not hardy north of Philadelphia and can be used only for low hedge in the North. May be cut to the ground and will spring up vigorously every year.
 +
Lonicera thibetica.
 +
Lycium chínense.
 +
Lycium halimifolium.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius var. nanus (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Philadelphus Lemoinei (in variety, especially var. Avalanche Candelabre, and Gerbe de Neige).
 +
Philadelphus microphyllus (this and P. coronarius are the original parents of the Lemoine hybrids).
 +
Rhus canadensis.
 +
Rosa rugosa (often 5 or 6 feet high but better if kept low and vigorous by frequent renewal from the base.
 +
Rosa rugosa var. Blanche de Coubert (beautiful semi-double, white).
 +
Rosa spinosíssima var. altaica (often 5 feet).
 +
Spiraea Bumalda, Anthony Waterer variety (2 feet).
 +
Spiraea japónica (3 feet).
 +
Spiraea Thunbergii.
 +
spiraea trilobata.
 +
Symphoricarpos albus (often 5 feet).
 +
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus (2 to 3 feet),
 +
Vaccinium corymbosum (often 5 to 6 feet).
 +
Viburnum Opulus var. nanum (2 to 3 feet. Seldom has flowers). Evergreen :
 +
Buxus japonica. A new and hardy box; will probably reach 8 feet, but is slow-growing and easily
 +
restrained by clipping.
 +
Buxus sempervirens. Must be protected in the North but is hardy and tree-like in the South.
 +
Chamaecyparis obtusa var. nana (6 to 8 feet, but very slow- growing and easily restrained).
 +
Evonymus radicans var. vegeta (2 to 3 feet; with a little clipping can be brought into a low
 +
natural hedge mass).
 +
Ilex glabra.
 +
Picea excelsa var. Clanbraziliana.
 +
Pieris floribunda (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Pinus densiflora var. pumila (often 6 feet).
 +
Pinus montana var. Mughus (often 5 to 6 feet).
 +
Rhododendron, Boule de  Neige (white, blooming-period early).
 +
Rhododendron carolinianum. Color lavender-pink,  blooming- period very early. See note on page 2692.
 +
Taxus cuspidata, var. brevifolia.
 +
Thuya occidentalis var. nana. This may reach 3 to 4 feet but is very slow-growing and easily
 +
restrained by clipping.
 +
Thuya orientalis var. nana. This may reach 3 to 4 feet but is very slow-growing and is easily
 +
restrained by clipping.
 +
Medium (6 to 8 feet) (other native plants not so dense in habit but with good foliage will make
 +
very effective screen-planting when massed together):
 +
Deciduous:
 +
Acanthopanax pentaphyllus.
 +
Acer palmatum (often larger but slow-growing).
 +
Berberis vulgaris.
 +
Cornus paniculata.
 +
Evonymus alata.
 +
Forsythia suspensa. Good definite form and best for individual specimen planting.
 +
Ilex verticillata.
 +
Lonicera fragrantíssima.
 +
Lonicera Morrowii.
 +
Myrica carolinensis. Sometimes much larger than 6-8 ft. Can be kept lower very easily by thinning out and renewing from the base. Is still known in commerce as M. cerífera. Ranges
 +
north to Nova Scotia near the coast. Is more shrubby, with blunt leaves which are broader and more oblong than those of M. cerífera.
 +
Philadelphus inodorus. Has more definite and graceful form than P. coronarius and dark green almost glossy foliage.
 +
Rhodotypos kerrioides.
 +
Spiraea bracteata.
 +
Spiraea gemmata.
 +
Spiraea prunifolia yar. flore-pleno.
 +
Spiraea Vanhouttei.
 +
Evergreen:
 +
Ilex crenata.
 +
Kalmia latifolia (sometimes higher than 6 to 8 feet).
 +
Picea orientalis. Large tree but adapted to small-scale planting because very alow-growing and also because easily restrained by pruning or pinching back.
 +
Rhododendron, Caractacus (color bright red, blooming-period medium).
 +
Rhododendron catawbiense var. album. Compact habit of R. catawbiense but flowers white,
 +
blooming-period early.
 +
Rhododendron delicatissimum (color blush-white, blooming- period late).
 +
Rhododendron Everestianum (color lavender, blooming-period early).
 +
Rhododendron, H. W. Sargent (color dark red, blooming- period late).
 +
Rhododendron, Lady Armstrong (color pink, blooming-period early to medium).
 +
Rhododendron purpureum elegans (color purple, blooming- period medium).
 +
Taxus cuspidata.
 +
Tsuga canadensis. The most graceful and effective large evergreen for screen-planting. Takes up lees room than white pine and is much slower-growing. Can be restrained easily and therefore is
 +
 +
adapted to small-scale planting. Large (10 to 15 feet) (other native plants not so dense in
 +
 +
habit but with good foliage will make very effective screen-planting when massed together):
 +
Deciduous:
 +
Acer campestre (small compact tree, dense foliage).
 +
Acer ginnala (gorgeous autumn color).
 +
Acer platanoides var. globosum (dwarf, dense, slow-growing).
 +
Benzoin aestivale.
 +
Berbería ariatata.
 +
Carpinus Betulus. Much used for hedges. Better than our native hornbeam, Carpinua caroliniana.
 +
Cornus mas (small compact tree, 15 to 20 feet).
 +
Cotinus Coggygria.
 +
Crataegus coccínea.
 +
Crataegus Crus-galli.
 +
Crataegus Oxyacantha var. Paulii.
 +
Crataegus punctata. All these thorns are better as natural screens with room to spread at the
 +
 +
bottom than when confined in restricted hedge lines.
 +
Hibiscus syriacus. Ten feet, dense and compact making good tall hedge, but thin at bottom.
 +
 +
Plant low dense shrubs in front. The white variety is the best.
 +
Laburnum alpinum (compact large shrub or small tree 20 to 30 feet high).
 +
Ligustrum Ibota.
 +
Ligustrum vulgare.
 +
Lonicera tatarica.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius.
 +
Pyrua coronaria (small tree).
 +
Pyrus pulcherrima (small tree).
 +
Rhamnus cathartica.
 +
Rhamnua Frangula.
 +
Syringa chinensis var. alba.
 +
Syringa chinensis var. Sougeana (var. rubra).
 +
Syringa vulgaris.
 +
Viburnum dentatum. Will reach 10 to 12 feet, but may be restrained easily by gradual renewal
 +
 +
from the base.
 +
Viburnum Lantana.
 +
Viburnum prunifolíum (small tree).
 +
Evergreen:
 +
Ilex opaca.
 +
Pinus montana a low, bushy tree, 20 feet high and 20 feet broad; very slow-growing.
 +
Pinus Strobus. Excellent for screen-planting. More graceful,effective, and permanent than
 +
 +
Norway spruce or Scotch pine.
 +
Pseudotsuga taxifolia.
 +
Rhododendron album elegans (color white, blooming-period medium).
 +
Tsuga canadensis. The most graceful and effective large evergreen for screen-planting. Takes up
 +
 +
less room than . white pine and is much slower-growing. Can be restrained easily and therefore is adapted to small-scale planting.
 +
Ralph W. Curtis.
 +
 +
Winter protection of planting.
 +
 +
Winter protection is the preparing of plants to withstand the winter (Figs. 3032-3047). All plants are usually hardy in their own habitat, but many become tender when removed to a colder climate, requiring artificial protection. A permanent covering of snow furnishes ideal
 +
protection, but unfortunately the American winters are very changeable. Continued steady cold is seldom injurious, but the alternate freezing and thawing toward spring are often fatal, the damage varying according as the situation is wet or dry and the soil light or heavy. For example, shallow- rooted plants, as Lobelia cardinalis, will often be thrown out of the ground in clayey soil. Such damage may be prevented by placing sods over the plants. Gail- lardias will winter safely in light well-drained soils with ordinary protection, but perish if wet and
 +
heavy. The remarks in this article are meant to apply in the vicinity of Chicago.
 +
Winter-covering intercepts the sun's rays and retards premature activity. It is as essential "to keep in the cold" during temporary warm spells as it is to retard excessive depth of frost. More damage is generally done in February and March than earlier. Roses and other shrubs may be prepared for the winter any time from the last half of November until well into December, but any plants of an herbaceous nature may be covered much earlier. Where field-mice are troublesome it is well to defer covering until after a good freeze, so that these nibblers may seek other winter quarters. Rabbits are fond of the Japan quince, Spiraea Van- houttei, Evonymus alata, and some others, and often damage newly planted material the first winter. When the branches are beyond their reach, protect the trunk with straw, tar paper, or burlaps, which will also prevent sun-blistering. If the shrubs are in groups or low- branched, run wire netting around them. Fall-planted material should be better protected against frost than established plants of the same species. All the Japanese flowering forms of the plum, peach,
 +
and cherry tribes should have their roots mulched 4 or more inches deep. The fatal damage in the winter of 1898-1899 was at the roots, not overhead. Figs. 3032, 3033 show protection by means of straw and boughs; Figs. 3034-3036, protection inside of boxes, barrels, and wire netting.
 +
Plants with evergreen foliage, like Heuchera sanguinea, are safer with a covering that will not mat down and rot the foliage or injure the crown. The danger is in open, wet seasons. Forest leaves are excellent for winter covering, provided they do not mat down. Oak leaves are good,
 +
but those of elm, maple, and other trees that shed their foliage early are soft and mat too much. Leaves may be held in place by evergreen boughs, brush, or tops of bushy perennials like the native asters, or coarse strawy material. When leaves are used in barrels or boxes, the top of the package should be water-tight, and the leaves dry when put in. This precaution is not essential in all cases, but it is a safe rule to follow. Tar paper is comparatively cheap and comes handy in many phases of winter-covering. Gather the leaves when they are dry, and store under shelter until wanted. Save vines like those of Clematis paniculata and pole limas; they are good for covering climbing roses that are almost hardy. These keep off the bright sun when the plants are in a semi-frozen condition, shield them from the drying winds, and retard premature starting of the flower-buds. Forsythia suspensa trained as a climber on a south wall is benefited by such covering, or by burlaps, as its sheltered position induces activity too early and its flowering buds become a victim to late frosts. Any rhizomatous iris, such as the German iris, should be planted where surface drainage is ample, and in the case of young plants, or those recently divided, not covered with heavy manure or they are likely to decay in wet weather. Cover such plants with light material. Old established plants seldom need protection. Chrysanthemum coccineum requires similar conditions and treatment. All lilies except the hardiest, such as L. tigrinum, L. elegans, L. canadense, L. superbum, L.philadelphicum, L. spe- ciosum, L. tenuifolium, and so on, are best covered by a mound of ashes—wood or coal—which retains an even temperature. The other lilies may be mulched with manure and L. candidum with leaves. Eremurus in all its species, and Alstraemeria aurantiaca, require a deep box of leaves and the surrounding soil well mulched. An inverted V-shaped trough placed over such low edging plants as Veronica circae- oides and Thymus Serpyllum var. montanus, is beneficial. It is well to take up a few plants of Monarda did- yma, the double perennial sunflower, and Thymus Serpyllum, and winter them in a frame, over which place a wooden shutter to shed rain,placing leaves or manure on those that remain.
 +
Where permanent windbreaks, such as plantations of evergreens, buildings or solid fences, do not exist, temporary ones should be made of boards, evergreen boughs, corn-stalks, and the like, to protect arboreal plants that are not quite hardy, e. g., in this climate Halesia Carolina, and in the eastern states Magnolia grandiflora, hollies, and the like. Place the windbreak at the sides toward the prevailing winds, generally north and west, and at the sunny side of any evergreen that browns. The boughs or stalks may be attached to wire netting or to cords fastened to stakes.
 +
The so-called retinisporas may have placed over them an empty box open at the top. Shrubs that are still more tender should be boxed, the box having a tight top and ventilation at the sides. In all cases mulch well at the roots. Magnolia Soulangeana, M. speciosa, and plants of similar
 +
degrees of hardiness may have their branches tied in and empty casks placed over them, one sitting partially inside the other, and held in place by stakes. Put a cone-shaped covering over the top to shed the snow. Or poles may be set close to the tree, wigwam fashion. Wrap these with burlaps, or wind string around them for the straw to lean against, and in both instances wrap with straw.  The so-called hardy climbing roses, such as the Seven Sisters and Prairie Queen, which are hardy without protection, but are benefited by it, Wichuraiana and its hybrids, Paul Carmine Pillar, Russell Cottage, Crimson Rambler, Thalia, and Lord Penzance Sweetbrier hybrids, if against a wall, may have clematis or other vines placed thickly over them; or if in an open exposed situation, they may be wrapped in straw. (Fig. 3033.) Better
 +
still, hill up the soil rather high at the roots, —to prevent breaking and to afford protection and drainage,— and then take the trouble to extend the mound in the form of a gradually diminishing ridge. Bend the canes along the ridge, choosing a time when there is no frost in them; then cover the canes with tar paper, over which place soil, strawy manure, or any warm covering. If the presence of a lawn prevents this method, lay on the grass and cover with a water-tight box filled with leaves. Canes will rot directly under an open knothole.In the
 +
spring allow them to remain prostrate some time after uncovering to inure them gradually to the change and to induce the lower buds to strengthen. Hybrid Perpetuáls, the tender forms of Moss roses, Hermosa, Clothilde Sou- pert, and the Dwarf Polyan-thas, may be wrapped, boxed,or bent over and covered with soil. Those in beds may be bent over, the tops tied to the base of their neighbors, lead tags bearing numbers fastened to each plant, and a record taken of their names, and all summer labels stored to prevent loss when removing the leaves in the spring. Make a solid frame around them, higher at one end. and fill with leaves so as to cover the plants. Lap the roof-boards; they will shed water and allow ventilation. In the spring remove the leaves, replace the top for a few days, but let the sides remain for a week or so to shield from cold winds. Keep the plants prostrate until cut back.The tender Hybrid Teas require special attention. Cultivation and watering should be discontinued in September in order to retard a late growth, but if the fall is a dry one, they should receive a thorough soaking late in October. Early in November hill up the soil around the plants to a Height of 6 to 8 inches. After there is a crust of frozen soil a few inches thick, fill up with dry leaves to a little over the height of the hills or higher. Then board up the bed some 21/2 feet high at one side
 +
and 2 feet at the other, and cover top with boards or tar paper, the object being to keep the leaves dry. Hybrid Perpétuais, or in fact any semi-hardy rose of low growth, may be protected as above. In most winters the Hybrid Teas can be safely carried over by hilling up the soil as described and covering with hardwood leaves 18 to 24 inches deep, held down by evergreen boughs, brush, or corn-stalks.
 +
Field-mice or the smaller moles are troublesome sometimes where any open or loose material like leaves or straw is used for winter protection. Plants in cold- frames are often destroyed. This may be prevented by the following method: Procure some poisoned wheat and place in the interior
 +
of a 4- or 5-inch common drain-tile. Place these tiles in the frames or among the roses, using ten grains of wheat to a tile. When spring comes lift up the tile carefully, so as not to spill the wheat and count the grains; by the use of the tiles one keeps track of the wheat and does
 +
not endanger the birds.
 +
Tree peonies and yuccas should have an empty box placed over them, large enough to prevent the plant from touching the wood. Hibiscus syriacus, diervillas, deutzias—except D. Lemoinei and D. parviflora which are hardy—ltea virginica, Cornus mas, and the like, are wrapped in straw, and when the wrappings exceed 4 feet in height they should be staked to prevent high winds from toppling them over. Rhododendrons when planted out are taken up, the roots given a good soaking in a tub, and replanted in cold pits, or in boxes placed in a coldhouse or pits. In the spring,
 +
another bath is given them and the soil firmly pounded around them before replanting. This is essential for continued vigor. Cut all vines of the clematis to within 1 or 2 feet of the ground and lay them down, first mounding the soil a few inches if surface drainage is not good
 +
and cover with ashes, boxed leaves, or soil, or mulch well and wrap the canes with straw. If close to a porch or steps, do not let the swept snow stay over them, unless well protected, as this snow solidifies and excludes air. If. as some now think, the broken outer skin of the
 +
hybrid forms subjects them to disease, then these varieties should not be bent over, but staked and wrapped. It is best not to cut the foliage of the eulalias or the Japan iris, as it, of itself, is a good protection, but manure at the base is essential. Cut down Arundo Donax, cover heavily with any material, and cover all with tar paper or water-tight  shutters. Place half-rotted leaf-mold over fern-beds, narcissi, English and Spanish iris or any early-blooming bulbous plant, or a light strawy covering that is easily removed. Fine old manure a few inches thick is good and can remain. Place a good coating of stable manure around the trees on the lawn, and when they have been established any length of time bear in mind that the feeding-roots extend out as far as the branches do. The soil under them has a double duty to perform—to sustain both the tree and the grass. Place short stakes around groups of
 +
platycodons, Asclepiae tuberosa, or any other plants that are late to appear in the spring. Otherwise they may be overlooked in the spring and injured by digging. Examine all labels and see that none is cutting into the limbs of trees. Replace all rotten or defaced ones in the borders, using heavy labels, as thin ones often break off and are carried away when the surplus manure is removed. Cypress is a good material for labels. A. good label for young trees and shrubs is made of a thin sheet of copper. The name is written with, a stylus and a thin white paint rubbed on so as to fill in the depression. The label is fastened to a copper wire ring 3 or 4 inches in diameter, placed around the trunk and allowed to lie on the ground. Such a label is durable, unobtrusive and requires no attention for fear of cutting the wood, nor can it be lost.
 +
W. C. Egan.
 +
Structures for the winter protection of plants.
 +
Pits, cold pits, storage-pits and plant-cellars (Figs. 3038-3047) are structures, with the greater part sunk beneath the surface of the ground, built for the purpose of protecting plants in winter without continued fire- heat. They are employed almost exclusively for storing
 +
dormant plants. They are not suitable for storing growing plants any length of time, neither are they houses in which to grow plants. They should face the south and be sheltered against north winds by buildings or other windbreaks. Owing to their position they should be put in
 +
well-drained ground only and well protected against surface water. A well-designed frame- yard is the best possible place for small pits.
 +
The coldframe used by market-gardeners for wintering cabbage and lettuce for spring plantings, or by the florists for pansies, primroses, forget-me-nots, and the like, is really a simple pit. Such shallow pits, with proper protection, are useful for many other small plants which
 +
would be injured by severe weather. A deep pit, like a coldframe, is shown in Fig. 3037. A pit built on the plan of the old-fashioned "outside cellar" (Fig. 3038) is useful for storing tubers and roots. See that it is well ventilated. A section of another pit is shown in Fig.
 +
3039. More elaborate pits, for accommodating large plants, are illustrated in Figs. 3040-3047.
 +
Double glazed hotbed sashes are now used and can be employed for the pits shown in Figs. 3043-3046, or wherever winter protection is required, as it takes too much time to cover the ordinary sash with mats and shutters. These sashes cost a little more and they are heavier; it
 +
may be well to employ, therefore, a method for ventilation which obviates the necessity of lifting. They lessen the labor and let in sunlight all day. A thin layer of air is shut in by glass; the depth of this layer is the thickness of the sash bar; it keeps in heat and so keeps out frost. It is possible that some dust and perhaps fungous growth may accumulate or form within the layers. The glazing can be done at home, the lower glass being put in without putty and held in grooves on sides and ends and on the sash-bars by thin strips of wood.
 +
For forms of pits, consult Figs. 3043-3046. Figs. 3043-3045 show inexpensive and convenient pits for small and medium-sized plants. They may be built 4 feet or less below the level of the ground, the height and width as shown in the diagrams; the length should be some multiple of 3,any thing between 9 and 30 feet, so that the glass roof may be made of hotbed sash and also protected by the straw mats and wooden shutters in common use. See Hotbeds. These pits are useful for storage in winter and also for carrying some of the hardier greenhouse plants in autumn until the houses are relieved of the chrysanthemum crop. Figs. 3043, 3044 make light hotbeds in spring, if filled with the leaves which formed their winter protection, and are also available for growing such plants as euphorbia during the summer. They are generally too deep
 +
for dung hotbeds. These pits are planned to run east and west. If Fig. 3045 is thus placed, the roof on the north side may be made of plank instead of glass, but if it runs north and south it should have a glass roof on both sides. Easy access to all is obtained through the roof by
 +
removing a sash. Sometimes a door can be built at one end. Fig. 3043 does not cost much more than Fig. 3044, and furnishes more room. By putting a few doors in the board roof, excellent ventilation and access is provided. Fig. 3045 gives the best head-room, but is rather dark for
 +
evergreens with soft foliage, e.g., Cytisus canariensis, unless the whole roof is glass. A pit like this has always been used in the Arnold Arboretum for wintering seedlings, rooted cuttings and grafts,—young stock grown in flats but too delicate for the open ground. The arrangement of shelves shown in the diagram gives storage to large numbers of these small plants. In Fig. 3046 is shown a small plant-cellar, more expensive but with better capacity for large plants. It
 +
should run north and south, and, excepting the glass roof, is wholly below ground, and consequently extremely well protected against frost. The door is at either end or side. By taking advantage of sloping ground it ia possible to enter on the ground-floor level, which is important when large plants in tubs must be handled. In such cases a concrete floor may be built. The monitor roof provides plenty of light and ventilation; wooden shutters cover the glass in cold weather. This form of pit is not only well adapted to plants, but also is excellent for storing fruits and also brussels sprouts, celery, and cauliflower until
 +
Christmas. The forms of buildings larger than those above described vary much with different circumstances. Sometimes the cellar of a stable, tool-house, or other outbuilding can be utilized. The chief consideration is protection against frost, but provision must be made for thorough ventilation, and against a too high temperature in the autumn and early spring. It is because it is hardly possible to provide for these matters that dwelling-house cellars do not make good pits; they cannot be sufficiently ventilated to keep the temperature low enough except in the middle of winter. Growth is incited and cannot be maintained owing to lack of light.
 +
Owing to their position, pits cannot well be made of wood, plank and cedar posts lasting from 4 to 6 years only. For large pits, stone and brick are most economical for walls and ceilings; for small ones concrete probably makes the cheapest and best wall; hollow tile might be used.
 +
At the Bussey Institution the concrete walls of several small pits have stood 15 to 20 years without showing any sign of deterioration.
 +
An excavation of the required dimensions is made, with due allowance for the walls. Inside the excavation a plank molding-frame is built at the proper distance; viz., the thickness of the walls, from the walls of earth which should have been cut as true as possible. This frame,
 +
which should also be true and plumb, is carried to the required height for the inside face of wall and another frame is made at the proper distance on the surface of the ground, the inner face of which will be the outside face of the completed wall. These frames must be well braced; they carry a heavy load until the cement hardens. It is not necessary to make a complete frame for the whole pit at once; one end and a half of both sides can be built first, and the same frame reversed will serve for the remainder. Use a good quality Portland cement mixed one part of cement to two of sand with four or five parts broken stone or gravel which should not be larger than an egg; for floors the broken stone or gravel may be increased to seven or eight parts. The whole should be completely and quite carefully blended with hoe or shovel until each stone is coated. Throw this mass into the space between the
 +
molding-frame and earth wall and settle compactly with a rammer. It is not advisable to mix more than a barrel at once, nor so much as this unless at least six men are employed.
 +
Continuous batches are made until the work is finished. When the top layers are going in, insert 3/4-inch iron bolts 6 to 8 inches long at intervals of 6 feet. These secure the wooden
 +
sills. In warm dry weather the frames can be removed within twenty- four hours or less, but first examine carefully the condition of the concrete. After removal, smooth off any roughness and grout in with a whitewash brush a coat of portland cement mixed with water, but without
 +
sand, thus obtaining a good color and a more homogeneous surface. For several days the work should be shaded and occasionally sprinkled with the hose. Do not attach the woodwork until the concrete is fully hardened. One and one-half barrels of cement make about 1 cubic yard of
 +
concrete, that costs, in place, between five and six dollars, somewhat less if the cost of labor, sand, and gravel is moderate. Build in June or July, so that the concrete will be thoroughly dry before frost.
 +
The construction of a brick roof is shown in Fig. 3046. Concrete could also be used. A good grade hotbed sash make the best glass roof. All sills, cross-bars, and the like, should be made of cypress and painted. The woodwork must be made strong to endure the continual exposures. It
 +
is false economy to stint in quantity or quality. In cellars for nursery stock, a comparatively small amount of light is required, and the low roof is boarded in and shingled, building-paper being used. Planks may be substituted for boards, or the roof may be double.
 +
Sand or gravel, 1 foot deep, makes the best floor, or half sand and half loam where plants are to be heeled-in. A concrete floor should be used only where the drainage is absolutely perfect.
 +
The sides and ends should be banked with leaves or other material. (See Fig. 3039). In the vicinity of Boston this should be done about November 15. The same covering can also be given to low roofs. The glass is protected by mats and shutters, much as in ordinary hotbeds. It is a
 +
good plan to have on hand an extra supply of dry meadow hay to give additional shelter in zero
 +
weather. Pits like those shown in Figs. 3043 and 3045, like greenhouses, should carry more than
 +
one "crop". In early autumn they hold chrysanthemums, carnations, stevias, and the like; next
 +
Rhododendron (Azalea) indica, Cytisus canariensis, heaths, and the like, some of which remain for the winter, while others are replaced by hardy shrubs, bulbs, and other plants for forcing.
 +
For spring and summer use, see above. In eastern Massachusetts gardeners begin to use them in
 +
September, but the final storage sometimes is not finished until Christmas. The longer the
 +
plants can be kept in the open air the better fitted they are for their winter quarters.
 +
In the care of pits, watering and ventilation are of prime importance. When first housed the
 +
plants should be well watered, and, if this is carefully done, it will often be found that no further water is required for plants in tubs and large pots (10 inches or more). This also is true of heeled-in stock. Everything, however, should be so arranged that inspection is easy,
 +
and water should be given when necessary. Plants on the shelves, particularly in small pots
 +
(4-inch), will go dry oftener than those placed on the gravel floor. It is best to water on bright days, when the sashes can be removed. The great difficulty in keeping plants in good condition is owing to the condensation of moisture within the pits at times when it is impossible to open them on account of severe weather; therefore no more water should be given than is absolutely needed. As long as the weather permits, keep the sashes off or the windows
 +
open night and day, and afterward open up whenever possible. On sunny days ventilate whenever the thermometer registers over 20 F., but do not begin until the sun strikes the frames, and shut off early in the afternoon. On mild days, with the mercury above freezing, remove the sashes entirely. This is the best way to get rid of the moisture-laden air, and is essential for keeping evergreen plants with soft foliage in good condition. To change the air in large cellars is more troublesome; here it is advisable to build an open fireplace in which a brisk fire may be kindled on mild days when all win-dows can , be unclosed, thus obtaining a better
 +
circulation than is otherwise possible. Sometimes these large cellars have a line of hot-water pipes or other means of heating, by which not only is better ventilation secured but also additional protection in severe weather.
 +
An unheated greenhouse (Fig. 3042) can sometimes be used advantageously, not only for protection but, if it is warm enough, for growing plants in spring and autumn, and to a certain extent in winter. It is really a pit 5 or 6 feet deep built below ground and attached on the south side to some building already on the place. It might not be satisfactory for the extreme
 +
North but in southern New England and the middle states it is a great help: in European gardens it is sometimes called an alpine house, or, if it is larger and better built, a winter-garden.
 +
Give a southern exposure and have it so arranged that the floor is on the same or nearly the same level as the cellar floor; if this cellar is heated, so much the better. The cellar will be convenient for various operations, also for storing soil and tools; water should be handy. A
 +
door between it and the cellar is a necessity, but there need be none on the outside. The form of roof can be either lean-to or three-quarters span; in the latter form boarding, double if possible, can cover the roof next the house. Use double glazed glass and provide plenty of
 +
ventilation by glass or board shutters: this last is most important. The dimensions should not be less than 10 feet in width and may be more; the length can be any multiple of three so that hotbed sash can be used for the roof. The interior layout should be a walk, not over 2 feet
 +
wide, so placed that convenient and economical access is given the plants. These may be grown on benches, either solid or of boards, or planted in the earth. The great advantage of such a structure is that the plants can be handled from the inside in all weathers. The hardier
 +
plants, like wallflowers and violets, bloom all winter; in autumn it can be used to prolong the chrysanthemum season, in spring it is a good place for starting seedlings, e. g., lettuce, cauliflower, and cabbage, and, if warm enough, an inside hotbed can be made to start tomatoes,
 +
peppers and eggplant also; in it most of the plants named below can be stored or grown. Many plants of doubtful hardiness or of small size can be wintered and tried out. It is much simpler to handle than pits or frames, largely on account of easy access and the storage capabilities
 +
of the cellar. It makes a good place to store plants for forcing and will even flower well tulips, hyacinths, and narcissi. A three-quarters span 12 by 15 feet with 8 feet of glass roof,in southern Massachusetts, well protected in all ways, has recorded on a self-registering thermometer only 24° F. in the last three years, outside temperature going as low as—10°F.Following is a list of  plants that may be wintered in pits and frames with satisfactory
 +
 +
results. The list is made for the neighborhood of Boston.
 +
1. Nursery stock of every description.
 +
2. Stocks, cions, and cuttings for winter work.
 +
3. Young nursery stock,—seedlings, cuttings, or grafts too delicate for planting in autumn.
 +
4. Hardy plants for forcing or winter decoration. The temperature of pit or cellar for the above plants should be 35°F. or even lower occasionally. The larger plants should be heeled-in on the floor in sandy loam or in bunk-like shelves along the sides. Instead of loam, sphagnum can be used and is particularly good for cuttings and grafting stock. The very young stock is stored in flats or pans in which it has been grown. For forcing stock, see Farcing, pages 1265-1267.
 +
Those marked with a star (*) are more tender and should not be exposed to frost. They should also be kept in the driest part of the pit.
 +
1. Alstroemeria, canna, dahlia, gladiolus, Milla biflora, montbretia, oxalis for summer bedding, tuberose, tigridia, Zephyranthes Atamasco, Z. candida. Keep the above in dry house-cellars, where no frost penetrates, temperature 35° to 40° F. Dahlias and cannas can be covered with dry sand if prone to wilt. Tigridias should be hung up in bags to avoid mice.
 +
2. Agave, aloe, Lippia citriodora, Datura suaveolens, some of the hardier cacti, e. g., Selenicereus grandiflorus and Opuntia Ficus-indica, Cordyline indivisa, fuchsia, Yucca gloriosa and probably other genera and species of succulent plants. Keep at temperature 35° to 43° F. in a very dry house-cellar, with as much light as possible; too much moisture is destructive.
 +
3. Abelia in variety, *abutilon, *acacia, Acanthus mollis, *Agapanthus umbellatus, Araucaria imbrícala and A. excelsia, Aucuba japonica, bamboos, Buxus sempervirens, 'Callistemon sorts, Calluna vulgaris, 'Camellia (different species, including the tea plant), Ceanothus azureus, Cedrus Libani and C. Deodara, Cephalotaxus drupacea, 'citrus in variety, cistus (different species), cotoneaster (tender sorte), Cryp- tomeria japonica, cupressus (tender sorts),
 +
"Cytisus canariensis and *C. racemosus, * Daphne odora, 'erica (hardier sorts), Eriobotrya japonica, Erythrina Crisla- galli, "Eugenia. Jambos, Evonymus japonica (tender varieties), Ficus Carica, Gelsemium sempervirens, Gordonia alatamaha, grapes (tender kinds), Hedera helix,
 +
"Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis, Hydrangea hortensia, Ilex Aquifolium, kniphofia, laurestinus, Laurus nobilis, lagerstrcemia, Magnolia grandiflora, *Meratia praecox Myrtus communie, "Nerium Oleander, Olea europaea, "Osmanthus fragrans and O. Aquifolium, Passiflora caerulea, pernettya, Phormium tenax, *Pittosporum Tobira and others, Plumbago capensis, Podocarpus macrophylla var. Maki, Prunus Laurocerasus and others, "Psidium Guajava, "Punica Granatum, retinis-The above plants are commonly handled in pits for various reasons. In eastern Massachusetts, with the possible exception of those marked thus (*), they will bear a few degrees of frost, if not too long continued, without harm. The average temperatures of the pit should be just above freezing, say 35° F. The value of these plants depends upon not only carrying them through the winter in good condition, but also in giving them a good start in the spring. For this purpose a cool greenhouse must be provided; a cold grapery or a house constructed from the sashes used on the pits is equally good, in which the plants can be properly grown until it is warm enough to put them out-of-doors.
 +
4. Anemone japonica and A. coronaira, Bellis perennis, Dianthus Caryophyllus (clove pinks and European carnations from seeds), Galax aphylla, myosotis, primula in variety, including auricula, Persian ranunculus, Viola odorata (tender sorts), pansies. wall-flowers, ettuce,
 +
cabbage, cauliflower and parsley. These planta are wintered in coldframes, which should vary in depth with the size of the plant; sometimes the plants are grown and flowered in the frame, at others they are bedded put when the season permits.
 +
5. Arisaema; arum, calochortus (different species), freesia in variety, iris (tender species), ixia, sparaxis. The above plants can be potted and carried in a pit or frame until wanted in the greenhouse.
 +
B. M. Watson.
 +
 +
 +
Shrubs for the Middle West.
 +
 +
The most popular shrubs in the Middle West, as in any new country, are usually of foreign origin. However, the native shrubs are beginning to play a great part in restoring and intensifying the characteristic beauty of this region. The dominant feature of middle western shrubbery is not apparent to all. This is largely due to the fact that the Middle West contains no unique species that compel universal admiration like the mountain laurel and rhododendrons, which are the crowning glory of the East. Every shrub of importance native to the Middle West is also native to the East. While the Middle West may rival the East in the luxuriance of its shrubbery, it is poorer in species, both native and foreign. About two-fifths of the middle western shrubs that are in general cultivation bear their flowers in flat clusters. These have
 +
been called "symbols of the prairie" since they repeat many times on a small scale the great line of the horizon, which is the strongest feature of the middle western scenery, whether wild or cultivated, treeless or forested. Repetition of the horizontal is conspicuous enough
 +
wherever hawthorns and prairie crab-apples (Pyrus ioensis) are abundant, owing to their strong horizontal branching. Few shrubs, however, have stratified branches. Their suggestion of the prairie is subtler and less insistent, because it appears only in the bloom. The boldest repeater of the prairie among the shrubs is the American black elder, with clusters 6 to 8 inches across. The viburnums and dogwoods have smaller clusters, ranging from 5 inches in diameter down to 2 inches. When wood and prairie meet, the prairie note is sounded more strongly by shrubs with horizontal branches, especially witch-hazel, and by juneherry and gray dogwood which, though erect when young, become intensely stratified when old. This is an important part of the prairie style of landscape gardening. The following lists are therefore classified according to this idea.Stratified shrubs. (Those marked * have horizontal branches, at least when old. The others have flat clusters of flowers.) Low shrubs, suitable for foundation planting and edging borders: Ceanothus americanus and C. ovatus; Hydrangea arborescens; Viburnum acerifolium and V. pubescens.Medium-high shrubs, ordinarily 5 to 6 feet: Cornus Amomum, C. racemosa* (or C. paniculata), and C. stolonifera; Sambucus pubens, S. canadensis, and its var. acutüoba; Viburnum cassinoides, V. dentatum, V. molle, and V. americanum. The last-named is considered by botanists to be the same as the European V. Opulus, but the American form is considered to be freer from plant-lice and is superior in other ways.Tall shrubs, suitable for the back of a border, corner of a house, or high foundation: Aralia spinosa*; Cornus alternifolia* and C. rugosa* (or C. circinata); Hamamelis virginiana*; Physocarpus opulifolius; Viburnum Lentago and V. prunifolium.Non-stratified shrubs.Low shrubs: Amelanchier alnifolia and var. pumila; Diervilla triflda; Evonymus obovata; Prunus pumila; Rhus canadensis (or R. aromatica); Ribes americanum; Rosa virginiana (or R. blanda), R. Carolina, R. humilis, and R. setigera; Rubus hispidus; Symphoricarpos occidentalis and S. orbiculatus.Medium-high shrubs: Corylus americana; Evonymus americana; Ilex verticillata; Rhus copallina, R. glabra, and R. typhina; Ribes aureum and R. Cynosbati; Spiraea alba; Symphoricarpos albus.
 +
Tall shrubs: Aronia arbutifolia and A. melanocarpa; Benzoin aestivale; Cephalanthus
 +
 +
occidentalis; Staphylea trifolia; Zanthoxylum americanum.
 +
The most significant plants in the above list, probably, are sumac and prairie rose. The sumac (Rhys glabra) was undoubtedly the most virile note on the wild prairie, where the summer foliage took on a wonderful gloss. It is still the most gorgeous color in the corn-belt, where brilliant reds are not commonly developed in autumn. The prairie rose, also known as the Michigan or Illinois rose (Rosa setigera), is now much planted beside front doors. The common wild rose of the open prairie is Rosa humilis, which, however, is familiar in the East, while Rosa setigera is decidedly more western in its range. The middle western point of view may be indicated by brief notes on a few other species.
 +
Ceanothus ovatus is thought to be more refined in cultivation than New Jersey tea and has more, "western color;" should combine well with Lilium canadense or L. superbum. Cornus racemosa has been called "sunset dogwood" because in autumn its countless red pedicels make a glow like the characteristic prairie sunset; this and
 +
sumac are prominent in "sunset gardens." Cornus rugosa is a magnificent species, but must have shade. Although hazel (Corylus) may be considered "coarse" in the East, its rugged character pleases the Middle West and its autumn color is unique. Hamamelis virginiana is very popular
 +
because its yellow foliage lights up the autumn woods and because its stratified branches carry the prairie spirit into the woodland. Sambucus pubera, the red elder, will not thrive on clay or in full sun; it wants shade and prefers sandy soil. Symphori-carpos orbiculatus is commonly called "buckbush," and is a familiar sight in pastures. Viburnum
 +
acerifolium is useful for the shady side of the house. Viburnum pubescens is the most floriferous of the viburnums and formerly common near Chicago. Zanthoxylum ameri- canum is almost as common in woodlots as buckbush; the scent of the foliage generally pleases.
 +
Wilhelm Miller.
 +
 +
Shrubs for street and park planting.
 +
 +
Eastern United States, northern section.
 +
 +
Berberis Thunbergii.
 +
Ceanothus americana.
 +
Cercis canadensis.
 +
Cercis japonica.
 +
Chaenomeles japonica (subject to San Jose acale).
 +
Clethra alnifolia.
 +
Cornus in variety (these are subject to scale insecta).
 +
Forsythia Fortunei.
 +
Forsythia viridissima.
 +
Hydrangea arborescens.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata.
 +
Kerria japonica.
 +
Ligustrum Ibota.
 +
Ligustrum Ibota var. Regelianum.
 +
Lonicera Morrowii.
 +
Lonicera tatarica.
 +
Philadelphus in variety.
 +
Physocarpus opulifolius.
 +
Rhodotypos kerrioides.
 +
Ribes in variety.
 +
Rosa rugosa and other species.
 +
Spiraea Billardii.
 +
Spiraea Bumalda, including var. Anthony Waterer.
 +
Spiraea japonica.
 +
Spiraea japonica var. alba.
 +
Spiraea carpinifolia.
 +
Spiraea Van Houttei.
 +
Symphoricarpos albus.
 +
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.
 +
Syringa in variety.
 +
Tamarix in variety (may be killed to the ground in the extreme
 +
North but will come again from the root).
 +
Viburnum dentatum.
 +
Viburnum Opulus.
 +
 +
Eastern United States, central section. (From Philadelphia and St. Louis southward, in addition to the shrubs for the northern section.)
 +
 +
Abelia grandiflora. Jasminum in variety.
 +
Buddleia variabilis varieties Ligustrum in variety.
 +
Callicarpa purpurea. Mahonia Aquifolium.
 +
Caryopteris incana. Spiraea in variety.
 +
Deutzia in variety. Staphylea pinnata.
 +
Evonymus in variety. Staphylea trifolia.
 +
Forsythia suspensa. Stephanandra incisa.
 +
Hypericum Moserianum. Styrax japonica.
 +
Hex in variety. 
 +
 +
Eastern United Slates, southern section. (For use in addidition to the two foregoing lists for
 +
 +
points south of Wilmington, North Carolina, and Charleston, South Carolina, and westward in the
 +
 +
southern half of the states on the Gulf of Mexico.)
 +
 +
Aucuba japonica. Pittosporum Tobira.
 +
Gardenia in variety. Prunus caroliniana.
 +
Nerium Oleander. Prunus Laurocerasus.
 +
Osmanthus Aquifolium. Viburnum Tinus.
 +
 +
Shrubs for the seashore.
 +
 +
Berberis Thunbergii. Rosa nitida.
 +
Hibiscus syriacus. Rosa rugosa.
 +
Hydrangea, both woody and Rosa Wichuraiana.
 +
semi-herbaceous. Spiraea in variety.
 +
Hex opaca. Symphoricarpos albus.
 +
Juniperus virginiana. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.
 +
Ligustrum in variety. Tamarix in variety.
 +
Myrica cerífera.
 +
 +
The ilex, the hibiscus, and some of the ligustrums will not be hardy on the extreme northern Atlantic seacoast but will be hardy much farther north on the shore than in the regions adjoining.
 +
 +
Shrubs for regions of little rainfall.
 +
 +
Berberis Thunbergii.
 +
Elaeagnus, especially E. angustifolia.
 +
Lonicera, especially L. Morrowii and L. tatarica.
 +
Philadelphus Lewisii.
 +
Prunus serotina.
 +
Ribes, especially R. aureum.
 +
Rosa arkansana of cult.
 +
Rosa caroliniana var. lucida.
 +
Rosa nitida.
 +
Rosa rugosa.
 +
Rosa setigera.
 +
Spiraea in variety.
 +
Symphoricarpos in variety.
 +
Syringa, especially S. chinensis.
 +
Tamarix in variety.
 +
In the northern sections the tamarix will kill to the ground every winter but will come from
 +
 +
the root. The tender spireas should not be used north of Denver, Colorado.
 +
Shrubs for the Pacific slope. (In. addition to the plants suggested for the eastern United States. The lists for both the northern and central sections of the eastern states may be used on the North Pacific slope and all the eastern lists for the southern sections.)
 +
Arbutus Unedo.
 +
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus and other native species.
 +
Cotoneaster in variety.
 +
Crataegus in variety, especially C. Pyracantha (Pyracantha coccinea).
 +
Elaeagnus in variety.
 +
Evonymus in variety.
 +
Sambucus racemosa.
 +
Spartium junceum.
 +
Spiraea ariaefolia and others.
 +
Veronica in variety.
 +
 +
Shrubs for the Southern section. (In addition to all these listed for the eastern United States
 +
 +
and the above.)
 +
 +
Escallonia in variety. Prunus ilicifolia
 +
Photinia arbutifolia. Prunus integrifolia.
 +
Pittosporum in variety.
 +
 +
F L Mulford.
 +
 +
Shrubs for midcontinental region.
 +
The following list of shrubs for the most part consists of kinds known to be perfectly hardy and to succeed in the region of St. Louis if planted with usual care and subsequently given reasonably good treatment. Many choice sorts which are not likely to be hardy much north of central Missouri without some protection are indicated by an asterisk (*). A few may not be generally known to the trade and hence procured with some difficulty at present but their value for this region was demonstrated by being grown several years at the Missouri Botanical Gerden.
 +
Azalea and certain other Ericaceae, together with some allied genera like Kalmia that have formed attractive features in many plantations, are not included because they are generally shortlived and require more than ordinary care in planting and subsequent handling.
 +
 +
*Acanthopanax pentaphyllus. *Itea virginica.
 +
Aesculus parviflora. *Kerria japonica.
 +
Alnus Mitchelliana. *Kerria japonica argenteo-var-
 +
Alnus serrulata. iegata.
 +
Amelanchier canadensis.         *Laburnum anagyroides.
 +
*Amorpha canescens. *Lespedeza bicolor.
 +
Amorpha fruticosa. *Lespedeza Sieboldii.
 +
Aronia arbutifolia. Ligustrum amurense.
 +
*Baccharis halimifolia. Ligustrum Ibota var. Regel-
 +
*Benzoin aestivale. ianum.
 +
Berberis Thunbergii. *Ligustrum ovalifolium.
 +
Berberis vulgaris. *Lonicera fragrantissima.
 +
Berberis vulgaris var. atro Lonicera involucrata.
 +
purpurea. Lonicera Ledebourii.
 +
Betula nana. Lonicera Morrowii.
 +
Betuta pumila. Lonicera Ruprechtiana.
 +
*Buddleia Davidii. Lonicera Standishii.
 +
*Buddleia Lindleyana. Lonicera tatarica.
 +
Calycanthus fertilis. Lonicera tatarica var. grandi
 +
Calycanthus floridus. flora.
 +
*Calycanthus  occidentalis. Lonicera tatarica var. latifolia.
 +
Caragana arborescens. Lonicera tatarica var. pu-
 +
*Caryopteris incana. nicea.
 +
*Ceanothus americanus. Lycium chinense,
 +
Cephalanthus occidentalis. Lycium halimifolium.
 +
Cercis canadensis. *Magnolia Soulangeana.
 +
Chaenomeles japonica. *Magnolia Soulangeana var.
 +
Clethra alnifolia. Lennei.
 +
*Colutea arborescens. * Magnolia Soulangeana var.
 +
*Comptonia asplenifolia. speciosa.
 +
Cornus alba. *Magnolia stellata.
 +
Cornus alba var. sibirica. Mahonia Aquifolium.
 +
Cornus alternifolia. Philadelphus coronarius.
 +
Cornus Amomum. Philadelphus coronariua var.
 +
Cornue mas. flore-pleno.
 +
Cornus racemosa. Philadelphus inodorus.
 +
Cornus rugosa. Philadelphus laxus.
 +
Cornus sanguinea. Philadelphus Lemoinei.
 +
Cornus stolonifera. Philadelphus Lemoinei var.
 +
Cornus stolonifera var. fla- erectus.
 +
viramea. Philadelphus pubescens.
 +
*Coronilla Emerus. Physocarpus opulifolius.
 +
Corylus americana. Physocarpus opulifolius var.
 +
Corylus Avellana var. atro lutea.
 +
purpurea. Potentilla fruticosa.
 +
Corylus Avellana var. lacini Prunus Amygdalus, and white
 +
ata. variety.
 +
Cotinus Coggygria. Ptelea trifoliata.
 +
*Cotoneaster acuminata. *Rhamnus alnifolia.
 +
*Cotoneaster racemiflora. Rhamnus caroliniana.
 +
Crataegus Crus-galli. Rhamnus cathartica.
 +
Crataegus Oxyacantha. Rhamnus Frangula.
 +
*Daphne Mezereum. *Rhodotypos kerrioides.
 +
Deutzia gracilis. Rhus canadensis.
 +
Deutzia Lemoinei. Rhus copallina.
 +
Deutzia scabra. Rhus glabra.
 +
Deutzia scabra, "Pride of Rhus glabra var. laciniata,
 +
Rochester." Rhus typhina.
 +
Deutzia scabra var. Watereri. Rhus typhina var. laciniata.
 +
Diervilla floribunda. Ribes aureum.
 +
Diervilla floribunda var. grand Ribes Gordonianum.
 +
iflora. Ribes sanguineum.
 +
Diervila hybrids, "Eva Robinia hispida.
 +
Rathke." Rubus odoratus.
 +
Diervilla hybrids Kosteriana Salix discolor.
 +
variegata. Salix humilis.
 +
Diervilla Lonicera. Salix pentandra.
 +
Dirca palustris. Salix petiolaris.
 +
Elaeagnus angustifolia. Salix purpurea.
 +
Elaeagnus argentea. Salix rostrata.
 +
Elaeagnus multiflora. Salix sericea.
 +
Elaeagnus umbellata, Salix tristis
 +
*Evonymus alata. Sambucus canadensis.
 +
Evonymus americana. Sambucus nigra.
 +
Evonymus atropurpurea. Sambucus nigra var. aurea.
 +
Evonymus Bungeana. Sambucus nigra var. laciniata.
 +
Evonymus europaea. Sambucus racemosa.
 +
Evonymus obovata. Shepherdia argentea.
 +
*Evonymus radicans. Sorbus melanocarpa.
 +
*Evonymus radicans var. ve Spiraea arguta.
 +
geta. Spriaea Billardii.
 +
*Exochorda racemosa. Spiraea Bumalda.
 +
Forsythia intermedia. Spiraea Bumalda, "Anthony
 +
Forsythia suspensa. Waterer."
 +
Forsythia viridissima. Spiraea Menziesii.
 +
Halimodendron halodendron. Spiraea prunifolia.
 +
Hamamelis virginiana. Spiraea prunifolia var. flore-
 +
Hibiscus syriacus, in variety. pleno.
 +
Hibiscus syriacus var. Mee- Spiraea salicifolia.
 +
hanii. Spiraea Thunbergii.
 +
*Hippophae rhamnoides. Spiraea Van Houttei.
 +
Hydrangea arborescens var. Staphylea colchica.
 +
grandiflora. Staphylea trifolia
 +
Hydrangea paniculate, *Stephandra incisa.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata var. Syringa persica.
 +
grandiflora. Syringa villosa.
 +
*Hydrangea quercifolia. Syringa vulgaris, in variety.
 +
*Hypericum Moserianum. Symphoricarpos albus.
 +
*Ilex decidus. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.
 +
*Ilex serrata. Tamarix africana.
 +
*Ilex verticillata. Tamarix gallica.
 +
 +
 +
Tamarix gallica indica. Viburnum molle.
 +
Tamarix hispida aestivalis. Viburnum Opulus.
 +
Tamarix tetandra purpurea. Viburnum Opulua var.sterile
 +
Viburnum acerifolium. Viburnum tomentosum.
 +
Viburnum cassinoides. Viburnum prunifolium.
 +
Viburnum dentatum. *Vitex Agnua-castus.
 +
Viburnum Lantana. Xanthoceras sorbifolia.
 +
Viburnum Lentago. *Xanthorrhiza apiifolia.
 +
 +
 +
A few species commonly classed as woody are more herbaceous than most shrubs and hence more tender: top should be cut to the ground each spring and treated more as hardy perennials. Among these are the following :
 +
 +
Buddleia Davidii. Lespodeza bicolor.
 +
Buddleia Lindleyana. Stephanandra incisa.
 +
Caryopteris incana. Vitex Agnus-castus.
 +
Coronilla Emerus.
 +
 +
Trailing and climbing vines.
 +
 +
*Actinidia arguta. Lonicera Caprifolíum.
 +
*.Akebia quinata. 'Lonicera japonica.
 +
*Ampelopsis heterophylla var. Lonicera japonica var. aureo-
 +
amurensis. reticulata.
 +
Aristolochia macrophylla. *Lonicera japonica var. Hal-
 +
*Aristolochia tomentosa. liana.
 +
*Bignonia capreolata. Lonicera Periclymenum var.
 +
Campsis radicans belgica.
 +
Celastrus orbiculatus. Lonicera sempervirens.
 +
Celastrus scandens. Parthenocissus quinquefolia.
 +
Clematis Flammula. Parthenocissus quinquefolia
 +
Clematis lanuginosa var. var. Engelmannii.
 +
Clematis Jackmanii. [Henryi. Parthenocissus tricuspidata.
 +
Clematis paniculata. *Periploca graeca.
 +
Clematis virginiana. Vitls, native species.
 +
*Evonymus radicans. Wisteria chinensis.
 +
*Evonymus radicans var. vegeta. Wisteria magnifica.
 +
Forsythia suspensa. Wisteria speciosa.
 +
 +
Shrubs suitable for hedges.
 +
Berberis Thunbergi . *Lonicera fragrantissima.
 +
Berberis vulgaris Philadelphus, all species listed.
 +
Berberis vulgaris var. atro Ribes Gordonianum.
 +
purpurea. Ribes sanguineum.
 +
Deutzia all species listed. Rhodotypos kerriodes
 +
Elaeagnus multiflora. Shepherdia argentna.
 +
Forsythia intermedia. Spiraea Billardii.
 +
Hibiscus syriacus in variety. Spiraea Van Houttei.
 +
*Hippophae rhamnoides. Tamarix, all species Usted.
 +
Ligustrum, all listed species.
 +
 +
Shrubs for shady places.
 +
Berberis Thunbergii. Hydrangea arborescens.
 +
Berberis vulgaris. Hypericum Moserianum.
 +
Berberia vulgaris var. atro- Ligustrum, all species.
 +
purpurea. Lonicera Periclymenum.
 +
Ceanothus americanus. Rhus canadensis.
 +
Clethra alnifolia. Ribes sanguinea.
 +
Cornus, all species. Rubus odoratus.
 +
Deutzia gracilis. Viburnum acerifolium.
 +
Deutzia Lemoinei. Viburnum dentatum.
 +
Forsythia, al'species. Viburnum tomentosum.
 +
 +
Shrubs with twigs of striking color.
 +
 +
Cornus alba var. cerifera. Elaeagnus argentea.
 +
Cornus sanguinea. Elaeagnus multiflora.
 +
Cornus stolonifera. *Kerria japonica.
 +
Cornus stolonifera var. flavi-
 +
ramea.
 +
 +
Kinds with more or less conspicuous berries.
 +
 +
Berberis Thunbergii. *Evonymus alata.
 +
Berberis vulgaris. Evonymus americana.
 +
Evonymus Bungeana, Rhamnus cathartira
 +
Evonymus radicans var. Rhamnus Frangula.
 +
vegeta. Rhus glabra.
 +
Ilex verticillata. Rhus typhina.
 +
Ligustrum amurense. Sambucus, all species listed.
 +
Ligustrum Ibota var. Regeli- Sorbus arbutifoha.
 +
anum. Sorbus melanocarpa.
 +
*Ligustrum ovalifolium. Staphylea trifolia.
 +
Lonicera Ledebourii. Symphoricarpoa albus.
 +
Lonicera Morrowi. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
 +
Lonicera Ruprechtianum.         Viburnum.
 +
 +
H. C. Irish.
 +
 +
Shrubs and climbers for the South.
 +
 +
Owing to the great diversity of soil, elevation, and climatic conditions found in the Mountain, Piedmont, and Coastal zones of the South, it is impossible to make or to give an absolutely accurate list of deciduous and broad-leaved shrubs and climbers adapted to the three above-mentioned zones. The planter must, therefore, make due allowances for local conditions.
 +
 +
1. Piedmont Zone extends from the Mountain Zone to the Fall Lane, which follows approximately the following cities: Weldon and Raleigh. North Carolina, Camden, and Columbia, South Carolina; Augusta, Milledgeville, Macon, and Columbus, Georgia; Montgomery, Alabama; Columbus and Holly
 +
 +
Springs, Mississippi.
 +
 +
Deciduous shrubs for the Piedmont Zone.
 +
 +
Acanthopanax pentaphyllus. Colutea arborescens.
 +
Acer japonicum Comptonia asplenifolia.
 +
Aesculus octandra. Cornus alba.
 +
Amelanchier atropurpurea. Cornus alba var. Spaethii.
 +
Amelanchier canadeneis. Cornus Amomum.
 +
Amelanchier rotundifolia. Cornus Mas.
 +
Amorpha canescens. Cornus racemosa.
 +
Amorpha fruticosa. Cornus rugosa.
 +
Amorpha glabra. Cornus sanguínea.
 +
Amorpha tenneesoensis. Cornue stolonifera,
 +
Aralia chinensis var. mandshur Cornus stolonifera var. flavi-
 +
ica. ramea.
 +
Aronia arbutifolia. Coronilla Emerus.
 +
Aronia melanocarpa. Corylopeis pauciflora.
 +
Azalea arborescens. Corylus americana.
 +
Azalea gandavensis. Corylue Avellana.
 +
Azalea lutea. CoryluB Avellana var. laciniata.
 +
Azalea mollis. Corylue máxima var. purpurea.
 +
Azalea nudiflora. Corylue rostrata.
 +
Azalea pontica.         Cotoneaster acutifolia.
 +
Azalea Vaseyi. Cotoneaster raultiflora.
 +
Azalea viscosa. Cotoneaster racemiflora.
 +
Baccharis halímifolia. Crataegus coccínea.
 +
Benzoin aestivale. Crataegus Phaenopyrum,
 +
Berberis aristata. Cratregüe Oxyacantha.
 +
Berberis asiatica, Cratipgue uniflora.
 +
Berberís canadensis. Cytisus praecox,
 +
Berbcrie heteropoda. Cytisus acoparius.
 +
Berberis Sieboldii. Daphne Genkwa.
 +
Berberis sinensis. Daphne Mesereum.
 +
Berberis Thunbergii. Deutzia gracilis.
 +
Berberís vulgaris. Deutzia Lemoinei.
 +
Berberís vulgaris var. atro Deutzia rosea
 +
purpurea. Deutzia scabra.
 +
Buckleya distichophylla. Deutzia scabra var. candidis-
 +
Buddleia Davidii. sims.
 +
Buddleia Davidii var. mag Deutzia scabra var. flore-pleno
 +
nifica. roses.
 +
Buddleia intermedia. Deutzia scabra var. Pride of
 +
Buddleia japonica. Rochester.
 +
Buddleia Lindteyana. Deutzia Sieboldiana.
 +
Buddleia officinalis. Diervilla florida.
 +
Caesalpinia Gilliesii. Diervilla hybrids.
 +
Callicarpa americans.
 +
Callicarpa purpures.
 +
Calycanthus fertilis.
 +
Calycanthus florida.
 +
Calycanthus occiden-
 +
talis.
 +
Caragana arborescens.
 +
Caragana Chamlagu.
 +
Caryopteris incans.
 +
Cassia macrantha.
 +
Ceanothus americanus.
 +
Ceanothus hybridus.
 +
Cephalanthus occiden-
 +
talis.
 +
Cercis chinensis.
 +
Cercis Siliquaetrum.
 +
Chaenomeles japonica.
 +
Chilopsis saligna.
 +
Clerodendron trichoto-
 +
mum.
 +
Clethra alnifolia.
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
Diervilla'rivularis. Philadelphus gloriosus.
 +
Diervilla sessilifolia. Philadelphus grandiflorus (cor-
 +
Direa palustris.   onariue var. ?)
 +
Elaeagnus angustifolia. Philadelphus hirsutus.
 +
Elaeagnus argentea Philadelphus inodorus.
 +
Elaeagnus multiflora. Philadelphus laxus.
 +
Elaeagnus parvifolia. Philadelphus Lemoinei.
 +
EUcagnus umbellata. Philadelphus Lewísii.
 +
Evonymus alata.         Philadelphus pubescens.
 +
Evonymus americana. Photinia villosa.
 +
Evonymus Bungeana. Physocarpus opulifolius.
 +
Evonymus europaea.
 +
Evonymus nana.
 +
Evonymus patens.
 +
Exochorda Korolkowii.
 +
Exochorda racemosa.
 +
Fontanesia Fortunei.
 +
Fontanesia phillyraeoides.
 +
Forestiera acununata,
 +
Forestiera ligustrina.
 +
Forsythia intermedia.
 +
Forsythia suspense.
 +
Forsythia suspensa var. For-
 +
tunei.
 +
Forsythia viridissima.
 +
Fothergilla Gardenii.
 +
Fothergilla major.
 +
Fothergilla parviflora.
 +
Genista germanica.
 +
Genista tinctoria.
 +
Halimodendron halodendro.
 +
Hamamelis virginiana,
 +
Hibiscus syriacus.
 +
Hippophae rhamnoides.
 +
Hydrangea arborcscens.
 +
Hydrangea arborcscens var.
 +
sterilis.
 +
Hydrangea Hortensia.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata var.
 +
grandiflora. Phyeocarpue opulifolius var.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata var. prae aureus.
 +
cox. Pieris mariana.
 +
Hydrangea querqi folia.         Poncirus trifoliata.
 +
Hydrangea radiata. Potentilla fruticosa.
 +
Hypericum aureum. Prunus japonica.
 +
Hypericum calycinum. Prunus marítima.
 +
Hypericum densiflorum. Prunus pumila.
 +
Hypericum glomeratum. Prunus triloba.
 +
Hypericum lobocarpum. Punica Granatum.
 +
Hypericum Moserianum. Rhamnus cathartica.
 +
Hypericum nudiflorum. Rhamnus Frangula.
 +
Hypericum prolificum. Rhododendron canadenee.
 +
Ilex decidus. Rhodotypos kerrioides.
 +
Ilex verticillata. Rhus canadensis.
 +
Indigofera Gerardiana.         Rhus Michauxii.
 +
Itea yirginica.         Ribes curvatum.
 +
Jasminum fruticans. Ribes nigrum.
 +
Jasminum humile. Ribes sanguineum.
 +
Jasminum nudiflorum. Robinia hispida.
 +
Jasminum officinale, Rosa blanda.
 +
Kerria japonica. Rosa Carolina.
 +
Kerria japonica var. argentco- Rosa rubiginosa
 +
variegata. Rosa rugosa.
 +
Kerria japónica var. flore-plcno. Rosa setigera.
 +
Lagerstroemia indica. Roses, Bourbon.
 +
Lespedeza bicolor. Roses, Brier and Penzance
 +
Leepedeza Sieboldii. Sweetbriers.
 +
Ligustrum acuminatum. Roses, Hybrid Perpetual.
 +
Ligustrum amurense. Roses, Hybrid Tea,
 +
Ligustrum Ibota. Roses, Japanese.
 +
Liguetrum Ibota var. Regel- Roses, Monthly or China.
 +
ianum. Roses, Moes.
 +
Ligustrum ovalifolium. Roses, Polyantha.
 +
Ligustrum vulgare. Roses, Tea.
 +
Lonicera bella. Rosmarinus officinalis.
 +
Lonicera fragrantissima. Rubus laciniatus.
 +
Lonicera Morrowii. Salvia Greggii.
 +
Salix diecolor. Salvia Greggii var. alba.
 +
Lonicera muscaviensis. Spartium junoeum.
 +
Lonicera pyrenaica. Spiraea alba.
 +
Lonicera Ruprechtiana. Spiraea albiflora.
 +
Lonicera spinosa. Spiraea arguta.
 +
Lonicera Standishii. Spiraea Billardii.
 +
Lonicera tatarica. Spiraea Billardii var. longi*
 +
Lonicera thibetica.   pedunculata.
 +
Lonicera Xylosteum. Spiraea blands.
 +
Meratia praecox. Spiraea Bumalda.
 +
Muehlenbeckia complexa. Spiraea cantoniensis.
 +
Myrica carolinensis. Spiraea cantoniensis flore-pleno.
 +
Myrica cerífera. Spiraea Douglasii.
 +
Myriea Gale. Spiraea Fontenaysii.
 +
Myricaria germanica. Spiraea Fortunei var. semper-
 +
Neviusia alabamensis.         florens.
 +
Paliurus Spina-Chrieti. Spiraea Froebelii.
 +
Philadelphus, Avalanche. Spiraea japonica.
 +
Philadelphus, Mont Blanc. Spiraea macrophylla.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius. Spiraea nipponica.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius var. Spiraea prunifolia .
 +
flore-pleno.
 +
Philadelphus Falconeri.
 +
Philadelphus floridus.         Spiraea prunifolia flore-pleno.
 +
 +
 +
Spiraea revirescens. Syringa villosa.
 +
Spiraea Schinabeekii. Syringa vulgaris.
 +
Spiraea Thunbergii. Tamarix gallica.
 +
Spiraea tomentosa. Tamarix gallica var. indica.
 +
Spiraea trilobate. Tamarix juniperina.
 +
Spiraea Van Houttei. Tamarix odeseana.
 +
Spiraea virginiana. Tamarix parviflora.
 +
Staphylea Bumalda. Vaccinium arboreum.
 +
Stuphylea colchica. Vaccinium corymbosum.
 +
Staphylea pinnata. Viburnum dentatum.
 +
Staphylea trifolia. Viburnum dilatatum.
 +
Stephanandra incisa. Viburnum Lantana.
 +
Stewartia pentagyna. Viburnum macrocephalum.
 +
Styrax americana. Viburnum macrocephalum var.
 +
Styrax japonica. sterile.
 +
Styrax Obassia. Viburnum nudum.
 +
Symphoricarpos albus. Viburnum Opulus.
 +
Symphoricarpos microphyllus. Viburnum Opulus var. nanum.
 +
Symphoricarpos occidentalis. Viburnum Opulus var. sterile.
 +
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus. Vitex Agnus-castus.
 +
Syringa chinensis. Vitex incisa.
 +
Syringa Josikea. Xanthorrhiza apiifolia.
 +
Syringa pekinensis. Zenobia speciosa.
 +
Syringa persica.
 +
 +
Vines for the Piedmont Zone.
 +
 +
Actinidia arguta. Kadeura japonica.
 +
Actinidia chinensis. Lonicera americana.
 +
Actinidia Kolomitka. Lonicera chinensis.
 +
Akebia lobata, Lonicera flava.
 +
Akebia quinata. Lonicera glaucescens.
 +
Ampelopsis arborea. Lonicera Heckrottii.
 +
Antigonon leptopus. Lonicera japonica.
 +
Aristolochia macrophylla. Lonicera japonica var. aureo-
 +
Berchemia racemosa. reticulata.
 +
Bignonia capreolata, Lonicera Periclymenum var
 +
Campsis chinensis. belgica.
 +
Campsis hybrida. Lonicera prolifera.
 +
Campsis, Mme. Gallen. Lonicera sempervirens.
 +
Campsís radicans. Lonicera Vilmorinii.
 +
Celaetrus orbiculatue. Menispermum canadense,
 +
Clematis apiifolia. Parthenocissus Henryana.
 +
Clematis crispa. Parthenocissus quinquefolia.
 +
Clematis Flammula. Parthenocissus quinquefolia
 +
Clematis hybrida. var. Engelmannii.
 +
Clematis texensis. Parthenocissus tricuspidata var.
 +
Clematis Viorna. Veitchii.
 +
Clematis virginiana. Passiflora caerulea.
 +
Decumaria barbara. Periploca graeca.
 +
Dioscorea Batatas. Polygonum baldschuanicum.
 +
Elaeagnus reflxa. Pueraria hirsuta.
 +
Evonymus radicans. Solanum jasminoides var. gran-
 +
Evonymus radicans var. varie- diflorum.
 +
gata. Trachelospermum jasminodes.
 +
Evonymus radicans var. vegeta. Vitis aestivalis.
 +
Ficus pumila. Vitis cordifolia.
 +
Gclsemium sempervirens. Vitis Labrusca.
 +
Gelsemium scmpervirens flore- Vitis rotundifolia.
 +
pleno. Wisteria chinensis.
 +
Hedera canariensis. Wisteria chinensis var. alba.
 +
Hedera helix. Wisteria chinensis flore-pleno.
 +
Humulus Lupulus. Wisteria multijuga.
 +
Hydrangea petiolaris. Wisteria speciosa.
 +
 +
Broad-leaved evergreens for the Piedmont Zone.
 +
 +
Abelia floribunda. Cotoneaster rotundifolia var.
 +
Abelia grandiflora. lanata.
 +
Arbutus Unedo. Cotoneaster Simonsii.
 +
Ardisia crenulata var. rubra. Cotoneaster thymifolia.
 +
Aucuba japonica. Daphne Cneorum.
 +
Aucuba japonica var. lati- Elaeagnus macrophylla.
 +
maculata. Elaeagnus pungens.
 +
Azalea amoena. Elaeagnus pungens var. Simoni.
 +
Azalea indica. Elaeagnus variegata.
 +
Azalea indica Kaempferi (Sar Eriobotrya japonica.
 +
gent's hybrids). Escallonia montevidensis.
 +
Azalea obtusa. Escallonia virgata.
 +
Berberis buxifolia. Evonymus japonica.
 +
Berberis Darwinii. Evonymue japonica var. aureo-
 +
Berberis hakecides. variegata.
 +
Berberis ilicifolia. Evonymus japonica var. micro
 +
Berberis Neubertii. phylla.
 +
Berberis Sargentiana. Fuchsia corallina.
 +
Berberis stenophylla. Fuchsia gracilis.
 +
Buxus japonica var. aurea. Gardenia josminoides.
 +
Buxus sempervirens. Gardenia jasminoides var. For-
 +
Buxus sempervirens var. Hand- tuniana.
 +
worthii. Gardenia jasminoides var. radi
 +
Buxus sempervirens var. suf- cans.
 +
fruticosa. Gardenia jasminoides var.
 +
Callistennon lanceolatus. Veitchii.
 +
Calluna vulgaris. Ilex Aquifplium.
 +
Calluna vulgaris var. alba. Ilex Aquifolium var. aureo-
 +
Camellia japonica. regina.
 +
Cleyera ochnacea. Ilex Aquifolium var. ferox.
 +
Cotoneaster horizontalis. Ilex crenata
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla. Ilex glabra.
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla var. Ilex integra.
 +
glacialis, Ilex latifolia.
 +
Cotoneaster rotundifolia. Ilex vomitoria.
 +
 +
 +
Illicium anisatum. Photinia serrulata.
 +
Ixora chinensis. Pieris floribunda,
 +
Kalmia angustifolia. Pieris japonica.
 +
Kalmia latifolia. Pittosporum Tobira.
 +
Laurus nobilis. Prunus caroliniana.
 +
Leiophyllum buxifolium. Prunus Laurocerasus var. schip-
 +
Leucothoe Catesbaei. kaensis.
 +
Leucothoe populifolia. Prunus lusitanica.
 +
Ligustrum coriaceum. Pyracantha coccinea.
 +
Ligustrum excelsum superbum. Pyracantha coccinea var La-
 +
Ligustrum japonicum. landii.
 +
Ligustrum lucidum. Raphiolepsis indica.
 +
Ligustrum macrophyllum. Rhododendron arboreum.
 +
Ligustrum marginatum aureum. Rhododendron arbutifolium.
 +
Liguetrum nepalense. Rhododendron catawbiense.
 +
Ligustrum Quihoui. Rhododendron catawbiense hy-
 +
Ligustrum sinense. bridum.
 +
Mahonia Aquifolium. Rhododendron maximum.
 +
Mahonia japonica. Rhododendron myrtifolium.
 +
Mahonia repens. Rhododendron ponticum.
 +
Mahonia pinnata. Rhododendron punctatum.
 +
Michelia fuscata. Skimmia japonica.
 +
Myrtus communis. Thea sinensis.
 +
Nandina domestica. Veronica Traversii.
 +
Nerium. Viburnum odoratissimum.
 +
Osmanthus Aquifolium. Viburnum suspensum
 +
Osmanthus fragrans. Viburnum Tinus.
 +
Osmanthus Fortunei. Yucca filamentosa.
 +
Pernettya mucronata. Yucca glauca.
 +
Pernettya speciosa. Yucca gloriosa.
 +
Phillyrea angustifolia. Yucca Treculeana.
 +
Phillyrca decora.
 +
 +
2. Coastal Zone extends from the Fall Line, as outlined under the Piedmont Zone, to the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, but exclusive of that part of Florida south of a line drawn across the state to St. Augustine and Cedar Keys.
 +
 +
Deciduous shrubs for the Coastal Zone.
 +
 +
Acacia Farnesiana. Cornus Amomum.
 +
Acanthopanax pentaphyllus. Cornus sanguinea.
 +
Aesculus octanara. Coronilla Emerus.
 +
Aesculus Pavia. Corylus americana.
 +
Amelanchier rotundifolia. Cotoneaeter multiflora.
 +
Amorpha canescens. Cotoneaster racemiflora.
 +
Amorpha fruticosa. Deutzia rosea.
 +
Aronia arbutifolia. Deutzia Lemoinei.
 +
Azalea arborescens. Deutzia scabra var. candidis-
 +
Azalea lutea. sima.
 +
Azalea nudiflora. Deutzia scabra var. flore-pleno
 +
Azalea viscosa. rosea.
 +
Berberis aristata. Deutzia scabra. Pride of
 +
Berberis sinensis. Rochester.
 +
Berberis Thunbergii. Deutzia Sieboldiana.
 +
Berberis vulgaris. Diervilla florida.
 +
Berberis vulgaris var. atro- Diervilla hybrida.
 +
purpurea. Dirca palustris.
 +
Buddleia Davidii. Elaeagnus angustifolia.
 +
Buddleia Davidii var. magnifica. Elaeagnus multiflora
 +
Buddleia intermedia. Elaeagnus parvifolia.
 +
Buddleia japonica. Elaeagnus umbellata.
 +
Buddleia Lindleyana. Erythrina Crista-galli.
 +
Buddleia officinalis. Evonymus alata.
 +
Caesalpinia Pillesii. Evonymus americana.
 +
Callicarpa americana. Evonymus europaea.
 +
Callicarpa purpurea. Evonymus nana.
 +
Calycanthus fertilis. Evonymue patens.
 +
Calycanthus florida. Exochorda Korolkowii.
 +
Calycanthus occidentalis. Exochorda racemosa.
 +
Caryopteris incana Fontanesia Fortunei.
 +
Cassia macrantha. Fontanesia phillyraeoides.
 +
Ceanothus americanus. Forsythia intermedia.
 +
Ceanothus hybridus, Forsythia suspensa.
 +
Cephalanthus occidentalis. Forsythia suspensa var. For
 +
Cercis japonica. tunei.
 +
Cercis Siliquastrum. Forsythia viridissima.
 +
Chaenomeles japonica. Halimodendron halodendron
 +
Chilopsis saligna. Hamamelis virginiana.
 +
Clerodendron trichotomum. Hibiscus syriacus.
 +
Clethra alnifolia. Hippophae rhamnoides.
 +
Cornus alba. Hydrangea arborescens.
 +
 +
Hydrangea arborescens var. Rhus Michauxii.
 +
sterilis. Ribes curvatum.
 +
Hydrangea Hortensia. Robinia hispida.
 +
Hydrangea quercifolia. Rosmarinus officinalia.
 +
Hypericum calycinum. Rosa Carolina.
 +
Hypericum densiflorum. Rosa rugosa.
 +
Hypericum glomeratum. Rosa setigera.
 +
Hypericum lobocarpum. Roses, Bourbon.
 +
Hypericum Moserianum. Roses, Brier and Penzance
 +
Hypericum prolificum. Sweetbriers.
 +
Ilex decidua. Roses, Hybrid Perpetual.
 +
Ilex verticillata. Roses, Hybrid Tea.
 +
Indigofera Gerardiana, Roses, Japanese.
 +
Itea virginica. Roses, Monthly or China.
 +
Jasminum fruticans. Roses, Polyantha.
 +
Jaaminum humile. Roses, Tea.
 +
Jaaminum nudiflorum. Rubus laciniatus.
 +
Jasminum officinale. Salix incana.
 +
Kerria japonica. Salix sericea
 +
Kerria japonica var. argenteo- Salvia Greggii.
 +
variegata. Salvia Greggii var
 +
Kerria japonica var. flore-pleno. alba.
 +
Lagerstroemia indica. Sambucus canodensis
 +
Lespedeza bicolor. Sambucus nigra.
 +
Leapedeza Sieboldii. Sambucus nigra var.
 +
Ligustrum acuminatum. laciniata
 +
Liguatrum amurense. Spartium junceum.
 +
Liguatrum Ibota. Spiraea albiflora.
 +
Ligustrum Ibota var. Regel- Spiriea arguta.
 +
ianum. Spiriea Billardii.
 +
Ligustrum ovalifolium. Spiriea blanda.
 +
Ligustrum vulgare. Spiraea Bumalda.
 +
Lonicera bella. Spiraea cantonensis.
 +
Lonicera fragrantissima. Spiraea cantonensis
 +
Lonicera gracilipes. flore-pleno.
 +
Lonicera Morrowii. Spiraea Douglasii.
 +
Lonicera Ruprechtiana. Spirwa Fontenaysii.
 +
Lonicera Standishii. Spirwa Fortunei var.
 +
Lonicera tatarica. semperflorens.
 +
Lycium halimifolium. Spiraea Froebelii.
 +
Meratia praecox. Spiraea japonica.
 +
Myriea carolinensis. Spiraea macrophylla.
 +
Myriea cerifera. Spiraea prunifolia.
 +
Myriearia germanica. Spiraea prunifolia
 +
Neviusia alabamensia. flore-pleno.
 +
Paliurus Spina-Christi. Spiraea revirescens.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius. Spiraea Thunbergii.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius var. Spiraea Van Houttei.
 +
flore-pleno. Stephanandra incisa.
 +
Philadelphus grandiflorus (cor- Stewartia pentagyna.
 +
onarius var.). Styrax americana.
 +
Philadelphus inodorus, Styrax japonica.
 +
Philadelphus pubescens. Symphoricarpos microphyllus.
 +
Philadelphus laxus. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.
 +
Philadelphus Lemoinei. Syringa chinensis.
 +
Philadelphus Lewisii. Syringa pekinensis.
 +
Philadelphia pubescens. Syringa persica.
 +
Philadelphus, Avalanche. Tamarix gallica.
 +
Philadelphus, Mont Blanc. Tamarix gallica var.indica.
 +
Physpcarpua opulifolius. Tamarix juniperina.
 +
Poncirus trifoliata. Tamarix hispida var. GPstivalia.
 +
Potentilla fruticosa.         Tamarix odessana.
 +
Prunua japonica. Tamarix parviflora.
 +
Prunus maritima. Viburnum macrocephalum.
 +
Prunus pumila. Viburnum nudum.
 +
Prunus triloba. Viburnum Opulus var. sterile.
 +
Punica granatum. Vitex Agnua-caatUB.
 +
Hhamnus catbartica. Vitex incisa.
 +
Rhodotypos kerrioides. Zenobia speciosa.
 +
Rhus canadensis.
 +
 +
Vines for the Coastal Zone.
 +
 +
Akebia quinata. Kadsura japonica.
 +
Akebia lobata. Lonicera amcricans.
 +
Ampelopsis arborea. Lonicera chinensis.
 +
Ampelopsis heterophylla var. Lonicera flava.
 +
elegans. Lonicera glaucescens.
 +
Antigonon leptopus. Lonicera Heckrottii.
 +
Berchemia racemosa. Lonicera japonica.
 +
Bignonia capreolata. Lonicera japonica var. aureo-
 +
Campsis chineiisis. reticulata.
 +
Campsis hybrida. Lonicera Periclymenum var.
 +
Campsis. Mme. Gallen. belgica.'
 +
Campsis radicans. Lonicera prolifera.
 +
Clematis crispa. Lonicera sempervirens.
 +
Clematis Flammula. Lonicera Vilmorinii.
 +
Clematis paniculuta. Parthenocissus Henryana.
 +
Clematis texenais. Parthenocissus quinquefolia.
 +
Decumaria barbara. Parthenocissus quinquefolia
 +
Dioscorea Batatas var. Engelmannii.
 +
Elaeagnus reflexa. Parthenocissus tricuspidata var.
 +
Evonymus radicans. Veitchii.
 +
Evonymus radicana var. varie- Passiflora caerulea.
 +
gata. Periploca gra?ca.
 +
Ficus pumila. Polygonum baldschuanicum
 +
Gelsemium sempervirena. Pueraria hirsuta.
 +
Gelsemium sempervirens flore- Pyrostegia venusta.
 +
pleno. Solanum jasminoides var. gran-
 +
Hedera canariensis. diflorum.
 +
Hedera helix. Trachelospermum jasminoides.
 +
Jasminum primulinum. Vitis aestivalis.
 +
Vitis cordifolia. Wisteria chinensis var. flore
 +
Vitis rotundifolia. pleno.
 +
Wisteria chinensis. Wisteria multijuga.
 +
Wisteria chinensis var. alba. Wisteria speciosa.
 +
 +
 +
Broad-leaved evergreens for the Coastal Zone.
 +
 +
Abelia floribunda. lex integra.
 +
Abelia grandiflora. Ilex latifolia.
 +
Arbutus Unedo. Ilex vomitoria.
 +
Ardisia crenulata var.rubra. Illicium anisatum.
 +
Azalea amoena. Ixora chinensis.
 +
Azalea indica. Kalmia latifolia.
 +
Azalea obtusa. Laurus nobilis.
 +
 +
 +
Berbcns buxifolia. Leiophyllum buxifolium.
 +
Berbcria Darwinii. Leucothoe Cateabffi.
 +
Berberis ilicifolia. Leucothoe populifolia.
 +
Berberis Neubertii. Leucothoe racemosa.
 +
Berheria stenophylla. Ligustrum excelsum superbum.
 +
Buxus japonica var. aurea. Ligustrum iaponicum.
 +
Buxus sempervirens. Ligustrum lucidum.
 +
Buxus sempervirens var. Hand- Ligustrum macrophyllum.
 +
worthii. Ligustrum marginatum
 +
Buxus sempervirens var. suf- aureum.
 +
fruticosa. Liguatrum nepalense.
 +
Callistemon lanceolatus. Ligustrum Quihoui.
 +
Camellia japonica. Ligustrum sinense.
 +
Cleyera ochnacea. Mahonia Aquifolium.
 +
Cotoneaster horizontalis. Mahonia japonica.
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla. Michelia fuscata.
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla var. Myrtus communis.
 +
glacialis. Nandina domestica.
 +
Cotoneaater rotundifolia. Nerium.
 +
Cotoneaster rotundifolia var. Osmanthus Aquifolium.
 +
Janata. Osmanthua Fortunei.
 +
Cotoneaster Simonsii. Osmnanthua fragrans.
 +
Cotoneaster thymifolia. Pernettya mucronata.
 +
Elaeagnus macrophylla. Pernettya speciosa.
 +
Elaeagnus pungens. Phillyrea anguatifolia.
 +
Elaeagnus pungens var. Simoni.         Phillyrea decora.
 +
Elaeagnus variegata. Photinia serrulata.
 +
Eriobotrya japonica. Pieris floribunda.
 +
Escallonia virgata. Pieris japonica.
 +
Escallonia montevidensis. Pittosporum Tobira,
 +
Evonymus japonica. Prunus caroliniana.
 +
Evonymus japonica var. aureo- Prunus Laurocerasus.
 +
variegata. Prunus Laurocerasus var.
 +
Evonymus japonica var. micro schipkaenais.
 +
phylla. Prunus lusitanica
 +
Fuchsia corallina. Pyracantha coccinea.
 +
Fuchsia gracilis. Pyracantha coccinea var. La-
 +
Gardenia jasminoides. landii.
 +
Gardenia jasminoides var. For- Raphiolepsis indica.
 +
tuniana. Thea sinensis.
 +
Gardenia jasminoides var. radi Viburnum odoratissimum.
 +
cans. Viburnum suspensum.
 +
Gardenia jaaminoides var. Viburnum Tinus.
 +
Veitchii. Yucca aloifolia.
 +
Ilex cornuta. Yucca filamentosa.
 +
Ilex crenata. Yucca gloriosa.
 +
Ilex glabra. Yucca Treculeana
 +
 +
 +
3. Mountain or Upper Zone includes all that territory above Harper's Ferry, Maryland; Roanoke, Virginia; Winston-Salem, Morganton, and Rutherfordton, North Carolina; Spartanburg and Pendleton, South Carolina;Gainesville and Cartersville, Georgia; Huntsville, Alabama; Murfreesboro, Tennessee, and thence north to the Kentucky line.
 +
 +
Deciduous shrubs for the Mountain or Upper Zone
 +
 +
Acanthopanax pentaphyllus.
 +
Acer japonica.
 +
Aesculus octandra
 +
Aesculus Pavía.
 +
Amelanchier atropurpurea
 +
Amelanchier canadensis.
 +
Amelanchier rutundifolia.
 +
Amorpha canescens.
 +
Amorpha fruticosa.
 +
Amorpha glabra.
 +
Amorpha tennesseensis.
 +
Aralia chinensis var. mand- schurica.
 +
Aronia arbutifolia.
 +
Aronia melanocarpa.
 +
Ascyrum hypericoides.
 +
Baccharis halimifolia.
 +
Bensoin aestivale.
 +
Berberís asiatica.
 +
Berberís canadensis.
 +
Berberís heteropoda.
 +
Berberís Sieboldii.
 +
Berberís sinensis.
 +
Berberís Thunbergii.
 +
Berberís vulgaris.
 +
Berberís vulgaris var. atropurpurea.
 +
Buckleya distichophylla.
 +
Buddleia Davidii var. magnifica
 +
Buddleia intermedia.
 +
Buddleia japonica.
 +
Buddleia Lindleyana.
 +
Callicarpa americana.
 +
Callicarpa purpurea,
 +
Calycanthus fertilis.
 +
Calycanthus florida.
 +
Calycanthus occidentalis.
 +
Caragana arborescens.
 +
Caragana Chamlagu.
 +
Ceanothus americanus.
 +
Ceanothus Fendleri.
 +
Ceanothus hybridus.
 +
Cephalanthus occidentalis.
 +
Cercis chinensis.
 +
Cercis Siliquastrum.
 +
Chaenomeles japonica.
 +
Chilopsis saligna.
 +
Clerodendron trichotomum.
 +
Clethra alnifolia.
 +
Colutea arborescens.
 +
Comptonia asplenifolia.
 +
Cornus alba.
 +
Cornus alba var. Spaethii.
 +
Cornus Amomum.
 +
Cornus mas.
 +
Cornus racemosa.
 +
Cornus rugosa.
 +
Cornus sanguínea.
 +
Cornus stolonifera.
 +
Cornus stolonifera var. flaviramea.
 +
Coronilla Emerus.
 +
Corylopsis pauciflora.
 +
Corylus americana.
 +
Corylus Avellana.
 +
Corylua Avellana var. laciniata.
 +
Corylus maxima var. purpurea.
 +
Corylus rostrata.
 +
Cotoneaster acutifolia.
 +
Cotoneaster multiflora.
 +
Cotoneaster racemiflora.
 +
Cratffgus coccínea.
 +
Crataegus Oxyacantha.
 +
Crataegus Phaenopyrum.
 +
Cytisus praecox.
 +
Cytisus scoparius.
 +
Daphne Mexereum vars, alba and rubra.
 +
Daphne Genkwa.
 +
Deutzia gracilis.
 +
Deutzia Lemoinei.
 +
Deutzia rosea.
 +
Deutzia scabra.
 +
Deutzia scabra var. candidissima.
 +
Deutzia scabra var. plena.
 +
Deutzia scabra, Pride of Rochester.
 +
Deutzia Sieboldiana.
 +
Diervilla florida.
 +
Diervilla hybrida.
 +
Diervilla rivularis.
 +
Diervilla sessilifolia.
 +
Dirca palustris.
 +
 +
Elaeagnus angustifolía.
 +
Elaeagnua argentea.
 +
Elaeagnus multiflora.
 +
Elaeagnus parvifolia.
 +
Elaeagnua umbellata.
 +
Evonymus alata.
 +
Evonymus americana.
 +
Evonymus Bungeana.
 +
Evonymus europaea.
 +
Evonymus Maackii.
 +
Evonymus nana.
 +
Evonymus patens.
 +
Exochorda Korolkowii.
 +
Exochorda racemosa.
 +
Fontanesia Fortunei.
 +
Fontanesia phillyraeoides.
 +
Forestiera acuminata.
 +
Foreatiera ligustrina.
 +
Forsythia intermedia.
 +
Forsythia suspensa.
 +
Forsythia suspensa var. Fortunei.
 +
Forsythia viridissima.
 +
Fothergilla Gardenii.
 +
Fothergilla major.
 +
Fothergilla parviflora.
 +
Genista germanica.
 +
Genista tinctoria,
 +
Halimodendron halodendron.
 +
Hamamelis virginiana.
 +
Hibiscus syriacus.
 +
Hippophae rhamnoides.
 +
Holodiscus discolor.
 +
Hydrangea arborescens.
 +
Hydrangea arborescens var. sterilis.
 +
Hydrangea Hortensia.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata var. grandiflora.
 +
Hydrangea paniculata var. praecox.
 +
Hydrangea quercifolia.
 +
Hydrangea radiata.
 +
Hypericum aureum.
 +
Hypericum calycinum.
 +
Hypericum densiflorum.
 +
Hypericum glomeratum.
 +
Hypericum lobocarpum.
 +
Hypericum Moserianum.
 +
Hypericum nudiflorum.
 +
Hypericum prolificum.
 +
Ilex decidua.
 +
Ilex verticillata.
 +
Indigofera Gerardiana.
 +
Itea virginica.
 +
Jasminum fruticans.
 +
Jasminum humile.
 +
Jasminum nudiflorum.
 +
Jasminum officinale.
 +
Kerria japonica.
 +
Kerria japonica var. argenteovariegata.
 +
Kerria japonica flore-pleno.
 +
Lagerstroemeria indica.
 +
Lespedeza bicolor.
 +
Leapedeza Sieboldii.
 +
Leucothoe racemosa.
 +
Leucothoe recurva.
 +
Ligustrum acuminatum.
 +
Ligustrum amurense.
 +
Ligustrum Ibota,
 +
Ligustrum Ibota var. Regelianum.
 +
Ligustrum ovalifolium.
 +
Ligustrum vulgare.
 +
Lonicera bella.
 +
Lonicera fragrantissima.
 +
Lonicera gracilipes.
 +
Lonicera Morrowii.
 +
Lonicera muscaviensis.
 +
Lonicera pyrenaica.
 +
Lonicera Ruprechtiana.
 +
Lonicera spinosa.
 +
Lonicera Standishii.
 +
Lonicera tatarica.
 +
Lonicera thibetica.
 +
Lonicera Xylosteum.
 +
Lycium vulgare.
 +
Lyonia ligustrina.
 +
Menziesia pilosa.
 +
Meratia praecox.
 +
Muehlenbeckia complexa.
 +
Myrica carolínensis.
 +
 +
 +
Myrica cerífera.
 +
Myrica Gale.
 +
Myricaria germanica.
 +
Neviusia alabamensis.
 +
Paliurus Spina-Christi.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius.
 +
Philadelphus coronarius var. flore-pleno.
 +
Philadelphus Falconeri.
 +
Philadelphus floridus.
 +
Philadelphus gloriosus.
 +
Philadolphus grandiflorus (coronarius var.).
 +
Philadelphus hirsutus.
 +
Philadelphus inodorus.
 +
Philadelphus laxus.
 +
Philadelphus Lemoinei.
 +
Philadelphus Lewisii.
 +
Philadelphus pubescens.
 +
Philadelphus, Avalanche.
 +
Philadelphus, Mont Blanc.
 +
Photinia villosa.
 +
Physocarpus opulifoliua.
 +
Physocarpus opulifoliua var. aureus.
 +
Pieris mariana.
 +
Poncirus trifoliata.
 +
Potentilla fruticosa.
 +
Prunus Besseyi.
 +
Prunus incana.
 +
Prunus japonica.
 +
Prunus marítima.
 +
Prunus pumila.
 +
Prunue triloba.
 +
Punica Granatum.
 +
Rhamnus cathartica.
 +
Rhamnus Frangula.
 +
Rhododendron arborescens.
 +
Rhododendron canadense.
 +
Rhododendron gandavensis.
 +
Rhododendron japonicum.
 +
Rhododendron luteum.
 +
Rhododendron nudiflorum.
 +
Rhododendron ponticum.
 +
Rhododendron Vaseyi.
 +
Rhododendron viecosum.
 +
Rhodotypos kerrioides.
 +
Rhus canadensis.
 +
Rhua Michauxii.
 +
Ribes aureum.
 +
Ribes curvatum.
 +
Ribes Cynosbatii. .
 +
Ríbes glandulosum.
 +
Ribes Gordonianum.
 +
Ribes nigrum.
 +
Ribes rotundifolium.
 +
Ribes sanguineum.
 +
Robinia hispida.
 +
Rosa alpina.
 +
Rosa blanda.
 +
Rosa Carolina.
 +
Rosa rubiginosa.
 +
Rosa rugosa.
 +
Rosa setigera.
 +
Roses, Bourbon.
 +
Roses Brier and Penzance
 +
Sweetbriers
 +
Roses, Hybrid Perpetual.
 +
Roses, Hybrid Tea.
 +
Roses, Japanese.
 +
Roses, Monthly or China,
 +
Roses, Moss.
 +
Roses, Polyantha.
 +
Rosee, Tea.
 +
Rosmarinus officinalis.
 +
Rubus laciniatus.
 +
Rubus odoratus.
 +
Rubus parviflorus.
 +
Rubus rosoeflorus.
 +
Salix discolor.
 +
Salix humilis.
 +
Salix incana.
 +
Salix lucida.
 +
Salix sericea.
 +
Salix tristis.
 +
Sambucus canadensis.
 +
Sambucus nigra.
 +
Sambucus nigra var. laciniata.
 +
Sambucus pubens.
 +
Shepherdia argentea.
 +
Spartium junceum.
 +
Spiraea alba.
 +
 +
Spiraea albiflora.
 +
Spiraea arguta.
 +
Spiraea bethlehemensis var.
 +
rubra.
 +
Spiraea Billardii.
 +
Spiraea Billardii var. longi-
 +
pedunculata.
 +
Spiraea blanda.
 +
Spiraea Bumalda.
 +
Spiraea californica.
 +
Spiraea cantonenais.
 +
Spiraea cantonenais  flore-
 +
pleno.
 +
Spiraea crenata.
 +
Spiraea Douglasii.
 +
Spiraea eximia.
 +
Spiraea Fontenaysii.
 +
Spiraea Fortuner var. semper-
 +
florens.
 +
Spiraea Froebelii.
 +
Spiraea japonica.
 +
Spiraea Lenneana.
 +
Spiraea macrophylla.
 +
Spiraea Margaritae.
 +
Spiraea Menziesii.
 +
Spiraea nipponica.
 +
Spiraea prunifolia.
 +
Spiraea prunifolia flore-pleno,
 +
Spiraea Schinabeckii.
 +
Spiraea Thunbergii.
 +
Spiraea trilobata.
 +
Spiraea Van Houttei.
 +
Spiraea revirescens.
 +
Spiraea syringaeflora.
 +
Spiraea tomentosa.
 +
Spiraea virginiana.
 +
Staphylea Bumalda.
 +
Staphylca colchica.
 +
Staphylea pinnata.
 +
Staphylea trifolia.
 +
Stephanandra incisa.
 +
Stephanandra Tanakae.
 +
Stewartia pentagyna.
 +
Stewartia Pseudo-Camellia.
 +
Styrax americana.
 +
Styrax japonica.
 +
Styrax Obassia.
 +
Symphoricarpos albus.
 +
Symphoricarpos microphyllus.
 +
Symphoricarpos occidentalis.
 +
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.
 +
Symphoricarpos ovatus.
 +
Syringa chinensis.
 +
Syringa Josikea.
 +
Syringa pekinensio.
 +
Syringa peraica.
 +
Syringa villosa.
 +
Syringa vulgaris.
 +
Syringa vulgaris, named sorts.
 +
Tamarix gallíca.
 +
Tamarix gallica var. indica.
 +
Tamarix hispida var. aestivalia.
 +
Tamarix juniperina.
 +
Tamarix odessana.
 +
Tamarix parviflora.
 +
Ulex europaeus.
 +
Ulex nanus.
 +
Vaccinium corymbosum.
 +
Vaccinium pallidum.
 +
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum.
 +
Viburnum acerifolium.
 +
Viburnum alnifolium.
 +
Viburnum cassinoides.
 +
Viburnum dentatum.
 +
Viburnum dilatatum.
 +
Viburnum Lantana.
 +
Viburnum macrocephalum.
 +
Viburnum macroccphalum var.
 +
sterile.
 +
Viburnum nudum.
 +
Viburnum Opulus.
 +
Viburnum Opulus var.
 +
nanum.
 +
Viburnum Opulus var. sterile
 +
Viburnum Sieboldii.
 +
Viburnum tomentosum.
 +
Viburnum tomentosum var.
 +
plenum.
 +
Vitex Agnus-castus.
 +
Vitex incisa.
 +
Xanthorrhiza apiifolia.
 +
Zenobia speciosa.
 +
 +
Vines for the Mountain Zone.
 +
 +
Actinidia arguta. Ampelopsis heterophylla.
 +
Actinidia Kolomitka. Ampelopsis heterophylla var
 +
elegans.
 +
Akebia lobata. Aristolochia macrophylla.
 +
Akebia quinata. Berchemia racemosa.
 +
Ampelopsis arborea. Bignonia capreolata.
 +
Ampelopsis cordata.
 +
 +
Brunnichia cirrhosa (a somewhat shrubby, tendril-climbing plant native in eastern United States ; allied to Polygonella).
 +
 +
Campsis chinensis,
 +
Campsis hybridft.
 +
Campsis, Mme. Gallen.
 +
Campsis radicans.
 +
Celastrus orbiculatus.
 +
Celastrus scandens.
 +
Clematis apiifolia.
 +
Clematis crispa.
 +
Clematis Flammula.
 +
Clematis hybrida.
 +
Clematis montana.
 +
Clematis orientalis.
 +
Clematis paniculata.
 +
Clematis Viorna.
 +
Clematis virginiana.
 +
Clematis Vitalba.
 +
Decumaria barbara.
 +
Elaeagnus reflexa.
 +
Evonymus radicans.
 +
Evonymus radicans var. variegata.
 +
Evonymus radicans yar. vegeta.
 +
Gelaemium sempervirens.
 +
Hedera helix.
 +
Humulus Lupulus.
 +
Hydrangea petiolaris.
 +
Lonicera americana.
 +
Lonicera chinensis.
 +
Lonicera etrusca.
 +
Lonicera flava.
 +
Lonicera glaucescens.
 +
Lonicera Heckrottii.
 +
Lonicera japonica.
 +
Lonicera japonica var. aureo-
 +
reticulata.
 +
Lonicera Periclymenum var.
 +
belgica.
 +
Lonicera prolifera.
 +
Lonicera sempervirens.
 +
Lonicera Vilmorinii.
 +
Menispermum canadense.
 +
Parthenocissus quinquefolia.
 +
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
 +
var. Engelmannii.
 +
Parthenocissus tricuspidata var.
 +
Veitchii.
 +
Periploca graeca.
 +
Polygonum cilinode.
 +
Pueraria hirsuta.
 +
Vitis aetivalia.
 +
Vitis cordifolia.
 +
Vitis Labrusca.
 +
Vitis rotundifolia.
 +
Wisteria chinensis.
 +
Wisteria chinensis var. alba.
 +
Wisteria chinensis flore-pleno.
 +
Wisteria multijuga.
 +
Wisteria speciosa.
 +
 +
Broad-leaved evergreens for the Mountain Zone.
 +
 +
Abelia grandiflora.
 +
Andromeda polifolia.
 +
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi.
 +
Azalea amoena.
 +
Azalea indica (hardy sorts).
 +
Azalea indica Kaempferi (Sargent's hybrids).
 +
Azalea obtusa.
 +
Berberis hakeoides.
 +
Berberís ilicifolia.
 +
Berberís Neubertii.
 +
Berbería Sargentiana.
 +
Buxus japonica var. aurea.
 +
Buxus sempervirens.
 +
Buxus sempervirens var. Hand- worthii.
 +
Buxus sempervirena var suffru- ticosa.
 +
Calluna vulgaris.
 +
Calluna vulgaris var. alba.
 +
Chamaedaphne calyculata.
 +
Cotoneaster horizontalis.
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla.
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla var. glacialis.
 +
Cotoneaster rotundifolia.
 +
Cotoneaster rotundifolia var. lanata.
 +
Cotoneaster Simonsii.
 +
Cotoneaster thymifolia.
 +
Daphne Blagayana.
 +
Daphne Cneorum.
 +
Elaeagnus macrophylla.
 +
Elaeagnus variegata.
 +
Ephedra distachya.
 +
Erica carnea.
 +
Erica stricta.
 +
Erica Tetralix.
 +
Erica vagans.
 +
Evonymus japonica,
 +
Evonymus japonica var. aureo- variegata.
 +
Evonymus japonica var. microphylla.
 +
Evonymus patens.
 +
Ilex Aquifolium.
 +
Ilex Aquifolium var. aureo-regina.
 +
Ilex Aquifolium var. ferox.
 +
Ilex Aquifolium var. ferox va- riega ta.
 +
Ilex Aquifolium var. laurifolia.
 +
 +
Ilex cornuta.
 +
Ilex glabra.
 +
Ilex crenata.
 +
Ilex vomitoria.
 +
Kalmia angustifolia.
 +
Kalmia glauca.
 +
Kalmia latifolia.
 +
Leiophyllum buxifolium.
 +
Leiophyllum buxifolium var.
 +
prostratum.
 +
Leucothoe Catesbaei.
 +
Leucothoe populifolia,
 +
Ligustrum coriaceum.
 +
Liguatrum japonicum.
 +
Ligustrum lucidum.
 +
Ligustrum macrophyllum.
 +
Ligustrum nepalense.
 +
Ligustrum Quihoui.
 +
Liguatrum sinense.
 +
Mahonia Aquifolium.
 +
Mahonia japonica.
 +
Mahonia pinnata.
 +
Mahonia repens.
 +
Nandina domestica.
 +
Osmanthus Aquifolium.
 +
Osmanthus Fortunei.
 +
Phillyrea angustifolia.
 +
Phillyrea decora.
 +
Photinia serrulata.
 +
Pieris floribunda.
 +
Pieris japonica.
 +
Prunus Laurocerasus.
 +
Prunus Lnurocerasus var.
 +
schipkaensis.
 +
Prunus lusitanica.
 +
Pyracantha coccinea.
 +
Pyracantha coccinea var. La-
 +
landii.
 +
 +
Rhododendron arboreum.
 +
Rhododendron arbutifolium.
 +
Rhododendron catawbiense.
 +
Rhododendron catawbiense var.
 +
hybridum.
 +
Rhododendron maximum.
 +
Rhododendron myrtifolium.
 +
Rhododendron punctatum.
 +
Rhododendron ponticum.
 +
Rhododendron Wilsonii.
 +
Skimmia japonica.
 +
Veronica Traversii.
 +
Yucca filamentosa.
 +
Yucca glauca.
 +
Yucca gloriosa.
 +
Yucca Treculeana.
 +
 +
L. A. Berckmans.
 +
 +
Ornamental shrubs for California.
 +
 +
No pretensions have been made in compiling the following list to include every plant of desirable ornamental characteristics that will grow in California. Many exotics are being continually introduced, some of which have proved highly satisfactory, while others are little known. The effort has been rather to classify under various subheads those shrubs which are undoubtedly suited for the purpose indicated and which have proved themselves well adapted to the various sections of the state.
 +
Many of the deciduous ornamental plants commonly employed in the eastern United States for landscape planting have purposely been omitted, as they fail to produce the same wonderful spring-flower effects under the different climatic conditions of California. Only such deciduous shrubs as bloom freely and seem to have become more or less adapted to the drier climate of this state are included.Because of the great variety of climatic and soil conditions throughout the state, it has become necessary to think of it as divided into three general regions,—the interior valleys, the San Francisco Bay district, and that part of southern California in the vicinity of the coast.
 +
Those kinds marked with a dagger(+) will thrive only in southern California; those with a star (*) will grow in the South and as far north on the coast as the San Francisco Bay region, while such kinds as have no abbreviation attached will probably grow in all the cultivated areas of the state, including the large interior valleys. With one exception, the shrubs in the lists are arranged in the order of their desirability for the purposes described by the subhead. By cross-reference, the lists should prove helpful in selecting species of certain characteristics for given climatic and cultural conditions to produce the results desired.
 +
 +
Group I. Shrubs which are more or less resistant to conditions created by full shade.
 +
While the larger number of these shrubs will produce the best results in half-shade, or even in full sun if -given sufficient water, they are more or less tolerant to conditions existing under live oak trees, in courts, or on the north sides of buildings.
 +
Evergreen.
 +
Vaccinium ovatum (3 feet).
 +
* Tree ferns in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Aucuba japonica (4 feet).
 +
* Coprosma Baueri (6 feet).
 +
Evonymus in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Fatsia japonica (6 feet).
 +
Mahonia in variety (4 feet).
 +
Sollya heterophylla (3 feet).
 +
+ Asystasia bella (3 feet).
 +
Hypericum calycinum (1 foot).
 +
Ligustrum in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Osmanthua in variety (3 to 10 feet).
 +
Buxus sempervirens (2 to 8 feet).
 +
* Abutilon striatum (8 feet).
 +
Abelia grandiflora (6 feet).
 +
Azalea indica (4 feet).
 +
Hydrangea Hortensia (5 feet).
 +
Nandina domestica (6 feet).
 +
Berberis Darwinii (5 feet).
 +
*Trachelospermum jaaminoides (3 feet).
 +
Jasminum humile (6 feet).
 +
*Fuchsia in variety (6 feet).
 +
Myrtus communis (3 to 5 feet).
 +
*Myrtus Ugni (4 feet).
 +
Eugenia apiculata (8 feet).
 +
*Philadelphus mexicanus (5 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster horizontalis (2 to 3 feet).
 +
*Reinwardtia trigyna (3 feet).
 +
 +
Deciduous.
 +
 +
Symphoricarpos racemosus (3 feet).
 +
Ribes speciosum (3 feet).
 +
Azalea sinense (3 feet).
 +
Kerria japonica (6 feet).
 +
Chaenomeles japonica (6 feet).
 +
 +
Group II. Shrubs which thrive most successfully in half- shades in California.
 +
Many plants will produce the best results in full sun if favorable moisture conditions can be maintained throughout the summer, but the amount of sun exposure that plants in this list will withstand depends largelyon the section of the state in which they are located and on the amount of water they receive.Because of neglect aided by the long dry season, they often do better, however, in half-shade where the soil does
 +
not dry out so rapidly.
 +
Evergreen.
 +
 +
Daphne odora (3 feet).
 +
Erica in variety (2 to 5 feet).
 +
*Coprosma Baueri (6 feet).
 +
Philadelphus mexicanus (5 feet).
 +
Abelia grandiflora (6 feet).
 +
Sollya heterophylla (3 feet).
 +
*Fuchsia in variety (6 feet).
 +
Azara microphylla (8 feet).
 +
Hydrangea Hortensia (5 feet)
 +
Cotoneaster horizontails (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Camellia in variety(8 feet).
 +
Hypericum calycinum  (1 foot).
 +
Hypericum Moserianum (3 feet).
 +
Mahonia in variety (4 feet).
 +
Fatsia japonica (6 feet).
 +
*Abutilon striatum (8 feet).
 +
*Trachelospermum jasminoides (3 feet).
 +
Aucuba japonica (4 feet).
 +
Nandina domestica (6 feet).
 +
Escallonia rubra (6 feet).
 +
Pittosporum Tobira(12 feet).
 +
Pittoaporum heterophyllum (3 feet).
 +
+ Cuphea in variety (2 feet).
 +
+ Clerodendron in variety (6 feet).
 +
Buxus in variety (2 to 8 feet).
 +
*Cestrum in variety(8 feet).
 +
Cornus capitata (10 feet).
 +
Azalea in variety (4 feet).
 +
 +
Rhododendron in variety (5 feet).
 +
Osmanthus in variety (3 to 10 feet).
 +
Michelia fuscata (6 feet).
 +
Pyracantha crenulata (6 feet).
 +
Viburnum Tinus var. lucidum (10 feet).
 +
Garrya elliptica (8 feet).
 +
Arbutus Menziesii (25 feet).
 +
* Myrtus Ugni (4 feet).
 +
Ilex Aquifolium (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Maytenue Boaria (10 to 20 feet).
 +
* Heliotropium in variety (4 feet).
 +
* Plumbago capensis (4 feet).
 +
* Statice in variety (2 feet).
 +
Chorisema ilicifolium (5 feet).
 +
Ternstroemia japonica (8 feet).
 +
+ Asystasia bella (3 feet).
 +
* Tibouchina splendens (5 feet).
 +
*Jacobinia in variety (3 feet).
 +
+ Strobilanthes Dyerianus (5 feet).
 +
+ Templetonia retusa (3 feet).
 +
+ Thevetia nereifolia (8 feet).
 +
* Melianthus major (4 feet).
 +
* Tree ferns  in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Prunus Laurocerasus (8 to 10 feet ).
 +
 +
Deciduous.
 +
 +
Chaenomeles japonica (6 feet).
 +
Diervilla in variety (8 feet).
 +
Kerria japonica (6 feet).
 +
Deutzia in variety (4 feet).
 +
Berberís Thunbergii (3 feet).
 +
Paeonia suffruticosa (3 feet).
 +
Rhododendron, Hinodigiri (3 feet).
 +
Rhododendron sinense (3 feet).
 +
Ribes in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Philadelphus in variety (6 feet).
 +
spiraea Van Houttei (4 feet).
 +
Spiraea cantoniensis (5 feet).
 +
Viburnum Opulus var. sterile (8 feet).
 +
Viburnum tomentosum var. plicatum (6 feet).
 +
Syringa in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Magnolia in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
 +
Group III. Shrubs which thrive most successfully in protected sunny locations.
 +
 +
Many plants, native of countries warmer than California, require warm moist situations.
 +
 +
Evergreen.
 +
 +
Acacia in variety (5 to 20 feet).
 +
+ Acocanthera spectabilis (6 feet).
 +
+ Bauhinia in variety (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Berberis Darwinii (6 to 8 feet ).
 +
+ Bouvardia Humboldtii (5 feet).
 +
* Buddleia Davidii var. Veitchiana (6 to 8 feet).
 +
* Cantua buxifolia (8 feet).
 +
* Carissa grandiflora (4 feet).
 +
* Cassia in variety (4 to 10 feet).
 +
 +
Choisya ternata (6 feet).
 +
Cistus in variety (2 to 4 feet ).
 +
Cotoneaster in variety (2 to 8 feet).
 +
 +
Cytisus in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
* Diosma ericoides (4 feet).
 +
+ Dombeya natalensis (10 to 12 feet).
 +
+ Dombeya spectabilis (8 to 10 feet).
 +
* Duranta Plumieri (6 to 8 feet).
 +
 +
Escallonia montevidensis (8 feet).
 +
Escallonia pulverulenta (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Eecallonia rosea (8 feet).
 +
Eugenia apiculata (8 feet).
 +
 +
+ Eugenia jambolana (10 to 15 feet).
 +
* Eugenia myrtifolia (10 to 15 feet).
 +
+ Eugenia uniflora (6 to 8 feet).
 +
+ Euphorbia pulcherrima (6 to 8 feet).
 +
 +
Feijoa Sellowiana (8 feet).
 +
* Genista monosperma (6 to 8 fret).
 +
* Grevillea Thelemanniana (4 feet).
 +
* Hardenbergia monophylla (5 feet).
 +
+ Hibiscus heterophyllus (8 feet),
 +
+ Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis (8 to 10 feet),
 +
+ Iochroma in variety (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Jasminum humile (6 feet).
 +
* Lantana in variety (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Leptospermum scoparium var. Chapmannii (8 feet).
 +
Leptospermum scoparium var. Nichollii (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Leptoepermum scoparium var. bullatum (4 feet).
 +
Leptospermum laevigatum (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Lonicera nitida (4 to 6 feet).
 +
* Malvaviscus mollis (6 feet).
 +
Melaleuca in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Metrosideros lucida (6 feet).
 +
Metrosideros robusta (8 feet).
 +
Myrtus communis (3 to 5 feet,).
 +
Nerium Oleander (8 to 10 feet).
 +
+ Oxera pulchella (2 to 4 feet).
 +
Photinia scrrulata (10 to 12 feet).
 +
Pimelea ferruginea (4 to 6 feet).
 +
 +
Pittosporum eugenioides (10 to 15 feet).
 +
* Pittosporum rhombifolium (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Pittosporum tenuifolium (10 to 15 feet).
 +
 +
 +
 +
*Pittosporum undulatum (10 to 15 feet).
 +
*Pittosporum viridiflorum (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Polygala Dalmaisiana (3 to 5 feet).
 +
Prunus lusitanica (8 feet).
 +
* Psidium Cattleianum (3 to 6 feet).
 +
Pyracantha angustifolia (6 feet).
 +
Pyracantha coccinea (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Quillaja Saponaria (10 to 15 feet).
 +
* Raphiolepis indica (6 to 8 feet).
 +
  Raphiolepia umbellata (4 to 6 feet).
 +
*Rhodorhiza florida (6 feet).
 +
+ Salvia Sessei (6 feet).
 +
* Sparmannia africana (8 feet).
 +
 +
Spartiurn junceum (6 to 8 feet).
 +
+ Sphaeralcea umbellata (8 feet).
 +
* Solanum Rantonnetii (6 feet).
 +
* Streptosolen Jamesonii (3 to 6 feet).
 +
* Tecoma capensis (8 feet).
 +
+ Tecoma Smithii (6 to 8 feet).
 +
+ Tithonia diversifolia (8 to 10 feet).
 +
 +
Veronica in variety (2 to 6 feet).
 +
Viburnum suspensum (6 feet).
 +
* Wigandia oaracasana (8 to 10 feet).
 +
 +
Group IV. Shrubs resistant to soil and climatic conditions along the California seacoast.
 +
 +
The plants in this list are fairly resistant to the effects of strong prevailing winds and
 +
 +
thrive in dry sandy soils containing more or less salt and are therefore valuable for
 +
 +
windbreaks and shelter plantings. In general, the finer the foliage and the more willowy or
 +
 +
wire-like the branches, the more easily do they withstand the trying conditions. A noticeable
 +
 +
exception is some few kinds of hardy palms which thrive under such conditions because of the
 +
 +
stiff character of their leaves and stems.
 +
 +
Evergreen.
 +
 +
Cupressus macrocarpa (10 to 20 feet).
 +
Tamarix in variety (8 feet).
 +
Myrica californica (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Acacia longifolia (6 to 10 feet).
 +
* Atriplex Breweri (6 feet).
 +
Casuarina in variety (10 to 25 feet).
 +
* Coproama Baucri (6 feet).
 +
Rhus integrifolia (6 feet).
 +
 +
Leptospermum in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Melaleuca in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Callistemon in variety (4 to 8 feet).
 +
Myoporum laetum (8 to 12 feet).
 +
Veronica in variety (2 to 6 feet).
 +
* Anthyllis Barba-Jovis (4 to 6 feet).
 +
 +
Juniperus in variety (2 to 8 feet).
 +
Ulex europaeus (6 feet).
 +
Rhamnus californica (8 to 10 feet).
 +
 +
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Acacia melanoxylon (10 to 25 feet).
 +
Acacia Farnesiana (10 to 12 feet).
 +
Acacia armata (6 to 8 feet).
 +
 +
Coronilla glauca (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Pittosporum crassifolium (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Pittoeporum phillyraeoidca (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Pittosporum Tobira (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Escallonia rubra (6 feet).
 +
Dodonaea in variety (8 feet).
 +
Spartium junceum (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Lyonthamnus floribundus var. asplenifolius (15 to 20 feet).
 +
Medicago arborea (6 feet).
 +
Cytisus  in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Metrosideros tomentosa (6 to 12 feet).
 +
Phillyrea latifolia (10 feet).
 +
Polygala Dalmaisiana (3 to 5 feet).
 +
Maytenus Boaria (10 to 20 feet).
 +
Hakea in variety (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Lycium chinense (6 feet).
 +
Ceratonia Siliqua (8 to 12 feet).
 +
Elaeagnus pungens (6 feet).
 +
Artemisia arborescens (6 feet).
 +
* Statice in variety (1 foot).
 +
* Fieus macrophylla (10 to 20 feet).
 +
* Echium in variety (4 to 6 feet).
 +
 +
Palms.
 +
 +
Chamaerops humilis (6 feet).
 +
Phoenix canariensis (15 feet).
 +
Phoenix dactylifera (20 feet).
 +
Trachycarpus excelsus (20 feet).
 +
Sabal Palmetto (12 feet).
 +
Erythea armata (15 feet).
 +
Washingtonia filifera (20 feet).
 +
Erythea edulis (15 feet).
 +
 +
Group V. Shrubs resistant to heat, drought, and neglect.
 +
In some semi-arid sections of California, it is necessary to use plants that will grow more or
 +
 +
less success-
 +
fully under conditions of severe heat, drought, and neglect. Plants in this list are especially useful in those situations where no attention can be given after the plant is once established.
 +
 +
Evergreen.
 +
 +
Casuarina in variety (10 to 25 feet).
 +
Acacia in variety (5 to 20 feet).
 +
* Atriplex Breweri (6 feet).
 +
Pittosporum phillyraeoides (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Olea europaea (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Pittosporum crassifolium (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Tristania conferta (10 to 20 feet).
 +
Photinia arbutifolia (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Spartium junceum (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Rhamnus californica (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Ceanothus in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Cytisus in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Hakea in variety (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Ligustrum in variety (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Callistemon in variety (4 to 8 feet).
 +
Melaleucas in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Cistus in variety (2 to 4 feet).
 +
Albizzia Iophantha (10 feet).
 +
Parkinsonia aculeata (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Nerium Oleander (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Myoporum laetum (8 to 12 feet).
 +
Raphiolepis umbellata (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Carpenteria californica (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Ceratonia Siliqua (8 to 12 feet).
 +
Evonymus japonica (0 to 8 feet).
 +
Arbutus Unedo (8 feet).
 +
Cassia tomentosa (8 feet).
 +
Cassia artemisioides (4 feet).
 +
Leptospermum in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
* Agonis flexuosa (8 to 10 feet).
 +
* Calothamnus quadrifidus (5 feet).
 +
Elaeagnus pungens (6 feet).
 +
Romneya Coulteri (6 feet).
 +
* Buddleia in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Coronilla glauca (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Dodonaea cuneata (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Dodonaea viscosa (8 feet).
 +
* Echium in variety (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Phillyrea latifolia (10 feet).
 +
Metrosideros tomentosa (6 to 12 feet).
 +
* Malvaviscus mollis (6 feet).
 +
Prunus ilicifolia var. integrifolia (10 to 12 feet).
 +
Prunus caroliniana (10 to 12 feet).
 +
Pyracantha crenulata (G to 8 feet).
 +
 +
Deciduous.
 +
 +
Tamarix parviflora (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Tamarix hispida var. aestivalis (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Chaenomeles japonica (6 feet).
 +
Punica Granatum (6 feet).
 +
Berberis vulgaris var. atropurpurea (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Evonymus europaea (8 feet).
 +
Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea (10 to 12 feet).
 +
 +
Group VI. Shrubs which are especially free-flowering.
 +
 +
Many species of ornamental shrubs are particularly free-flowering in California, while others possess several flowering periods throughout the year. Because of their tendency to bloom in the fall and winter seasons, they are especially useful in the more intensively developed
 +
gardens where all-the-year-round effects are desired.
 +
Evergreen.
 +
Choisya ternata (6 feet).
 +
* Cestrum elegans (6 feet).
 +
Veronica in variety (2 to 6 feet).
 +
Polygala Dalmaisiana (3 to 5 feet).
 +
* Grevillea Thelemanniana (4 feet).
 +
* Rhodorhiza florida (6 feet).
 +
* Lantana in variety (4 to 6 feet).
 +
* Fuchsia in variety (6 feet).
 +
Sollya heterophylla (3 feet).
 +
Berberis Darwinii (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Escallonia rubra (4 to 6 feet).
 +
* Streptosolen Jamesonii (3 to 6 feet).
 +
Spartium junceum (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Abelia grandiflora (6 feet).
 +
+ Heterocentron roseum (1 foot).
 +
* Genista monosperma (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Pimelea ferruginea (4 to 6 feet).
 +
+ Bouvardia Humboldtii (5 feet).
 +
Cistua ladaniferus var. maculatus (2 to 4 feet).
 +
Statice in variety (1 foot).
 +
* Anthyllia Barba-Jovis (4 to 6 feet).
 +
* Reinwardtia trigyna (3 feet).
 +
* Iochroma in variety (8 to 10feet).
 +
Escallonia pulverulenta (8 to 10 feet)
 +
* Jacobinia pauciflora (2 feet).
 +
+ Daedalacanthus nervosus (2 feet).
 +
Cytisus racemosus (2 to 3 feet).
 +
* Duranta Plumieri (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Coronilla glauca (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Cassia artemisioides (4 feet}.
 +
* Malvaviscus mollis (6 feet).
 +
+ Cuphea in variety (2 feet).
 +
* Philsdelphus mexicanus (5 feet).
 +
* Tibouchina splendens (5 feet).
 +
Eacallonia rosea (8 feet).
 +
* Cestrum aurantiacum (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Erica mediterranea (3 feet).
 +
Erica melanthera (3 feet).
 +
* Plumbago capensis (4 feet).
 +
* Trachelospermum jasminoides (3 feet).
 +
Cassia tomentosa (8 feet).
 +
* Eugenia myrtifolia (10 to 15 feet).
 +
+ Hibiscus in variety (8 to 10 feet).
 +
* Tecoma capensis (8 feet).
 +
* Swainsona galegifolia var. albiflora (6 feet).
 +
* Calothamnus quadrifidus (5 feet).
 +
 +
Group VII. Shrubs bearing ornamental fruits and berries.
 +
The berried and fruit-bearing ornamental trees and shrubs form one of the most interesting classes of decorative plants. Not only do they produce a flower display throughout the spring and summer months but also add flashes of color for long periods in the fall and winter by their clusters of bright berries or fruits. Only those kinds bearing persistent fruit and of a color contrasting well with green foliage are acceptable in California. Such deciduous berried shrubs as have proved themselves adaptable are included in the list.
 +
 +
Those producing berried effects.
 +
 +
Pyracantha coccinea (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Pyracantha crenulata (6 feet).
 +
Pyracantha angustifolia (6 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster Franchetii (4 to ? feet).
 +
Cotoneaeter Dielsiana (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster horizontalis (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster pannosa (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Cotonraster acuminata (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster buxifolia (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster frigida (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Photinia arbutifolia (8 to 10 feet).
 +
* Myrtus Ugni (4 feet).
 +
* Duranta Plumieri (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Berberís Darwinii (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Ilex Aquifolium (6 to 10 feet).
 +
* Cestrum elegans (6 feet).
 +
* Cestrum aurantiacum (6 to 8 feet).
 +
* Pittosporum rhombifolium (10 to 15 feet).
 +
* Pittosporum viridiflorum (10 feet).
 +
Arbutus Menziesii (10 to 20 feet).
 +
Lycium chínense (6 feet).
 +
Rhamnus californica (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Rhamnus crocea (4 feet).
 +
Nandina domestica (6 feet).
 +
 +
Deciduous.
 +
 +
Elaeagnus umbellata (10 feet).
 +
Symphoricarpos albus (3 leet).
 +
Crataegus cordata (10 feet).
 +
Berberís Thunbergii (3 feet).
 +
Sorbus Aucuparia (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Symphoricarpos vulgaris (3 feet),
 +
Sambucus racemosa (10 feet).
 +
 +
Those producing fruit effects.
 +
 +
Arbutus Unedo (8 feet).
 +
* Eugenia myrtifolia (10 to 15 feet) 
 +
+ Eugenia uniflora (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Cornus capitata (10 feet).
 +
* Psdium in variety (4 to 8 feet).
 +
Aucuba japonica (4 feet).
 +
Eriobotrya japonica (10 to 12 feet).
 +
Feijoa Sellowiana (8 feet).
 +
 +
Deciduous.
 +
 +
Evonymus europaea (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Eyonymus alata (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Ribes speciosum (4 feet).
 +
Punica Granatum (6 feet).
 +
Diospyros in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Rosa rugosa (3 feet).
 +
Chaenomeles japonica (6 feet).
 +
Pyrus floribunda (10 to 12 feet)
 +
 +
Group VIII. Shrubs for hedges (California).
 +
Many shrubs of a compact habit may be used as hedge-plants. There is, however, a fairly well-established group of desirable species that lend themselves more easily to training of this kind. Those listed below are used extensively for hedges and have been found to adapt themselves readily to the severe system of trimming and to produce the dense and compact form desired.
 +
Low edgings or boxings (6 to 18 inches).
 +
Berberis Darwinii.
 +
Buxus sempervirens var. suffruticosa.
 +
* Eugenia myrtifolia.
 +
Lonicera nítida.
 +
Veronica buxifolia.
 +
Myrtus communis var. microphylla.
 +
Myrtus Ugni.
 +
Evonymus japonica var. microphylla.
 +
Veronica Traversii.
 +
Veronica carnea.
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla.
 +
Erica mediterranea.
 +
* Diosma ericoides.
 +
* Jacobinia pauciflora.
 +
Cistus ladaniferus var. maculatus.
 +
Small hedges (2 to 6 feet).
 +
Berberis Darwinii.
 +
* Eugenia myrtifolia.
 +
Eugenia apiculata.
 +
Buxus sempervirens.
 +
Taxus baccata.
 +
Lonicera nitida.
 +
Osmanthus Aquifolium var. myrtifolius.
 +
Prunus ilicifolia.
 +
Pittosporum tenuifolium.
 +
Pittosporum eugenioides.
 +
Myrtus communis.
 +
Escallonia rubra.
 +
* Atriplex Breweri. 
 +
* Grevillea Thelemanniana.
 +
Ligustrum sinense.
 +
Ligustrum ovalifolium.
 +
Choisya ternata.
 +
Pyracantha crenulata.
 +
* Aberia caffra.
 +
Erica in variety.
 +
Elaeagnus pungens.
 +
Pyracantha angustifolia.
 +
Veronica decussata.
 +
Veronica imperialis.
 +
Veronica elhptica.
 +
Pimelea ferruginea.
 +
Viburnum Tinus var. strictum.
 +
Leptospermum laevigatum.
 +
Evonymus japonica.
 +
Acacia longifolia.
 +
Acacia armata.
 +
Ceanothus spinosus.
 +
* Psidium Cattleianum.
 +
* Lantana , dwarf hybrids.
 +
High hedges (6 to 12 feet).
 +
Pittosporum tenuifolium.
 +
Pittosporum eugonioides.
 +
* Pittosporum undulatum.
 +
Pittosporum crassifolium.
 +
Prunus ilicifolia var. integrifolia.
 +
Ligustrum ovalifolium.
 +
Ligustrum japonicum.
 +
Prunus carolíniana.
 +
Escallonia pulverulenta.
 +
Cupressus macrocarpa.
 +
Hakea suaveolens.
 +
Hakea saligna.
 +
Acacia longifolia.
 +
Acacia melanoxylon.
 +
Acacia retinodes.
 +
Acacia verticillata.
 +
Pyracantha coccinea.
 +
Spartium junceum.
 +
 +
Group IX. Shrubs for ground-covers (California).
 +
 +
There are often banks and slopes where a lawn would be too expensive to maintain and unless covered with green foliage would remain unsightly. Other situations, especially under and between trees and large shrubs, would be materially improved if the ground-surface were covered with woody vines and trailing shrubs. It will be necessary to prune out the leader or upright stem of many of these shrubs to encourage their spreading or horizontal growth.
 +
Juniperus chinensís var. procumbens (3 feet).
 +
Juniperus Sabina var. tamariscifolia (3 feet).
 +
Jasminum primulinum (6 feet).
 +
Sollya heterophylla (3 feet)
 +
Hypericum calycinum (1 foot),
 +
Hypericum Moserianum (3 feet).
 +
*Philadelphus mexicanus (5 feet).
 +
Trachelospermum jasminoides (3 feet).
 +
Cuphea micropetala (3 feet).
 +
*Cuphea ignea (5 feet).
 +
Clianthus puniceus (3 to 6 feet).
 +
*Streptosolen Jamesonii (3 to ? feet).
 +
*Plumbago capensis (4 feet).
 +
Myrtus communis (3 to 5 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster horizontalis (2 to 3 feet).
 +
*Coprosma Baueri (6 feet).
 +
Evonymus radicans (2 feet).
 +
Fuchsia Riccartonii (6 feet).
 +
Leptospermum laevigatum (6 to 10 feet).
 +
*Tecoma capensis (8 feet).
 +
*Reinwardtia trigyna (4 feet).
 +
*Capparia spinosa (3 feet).
 +
*Swainsona galegifolia var. albiflora (6 feet).
 +
Teucrium fruticans (6 feet).
 +
Coronilla glauca (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Melaleuca decussata (5 feet).
 +
Cistus ladaniferus var. maculatus (2 to 4 feet).
 +
Evonymus japonica var. viridi-variegata (4 feet).
 +
Lantana Sellowiana (4 feet).
 +
*Lantana Camara (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Chorizema ilicifolium (5 feet).
 +
*Melianthus major (4 feet).
 +
*Buddleia madagascariensis (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Jasminum humile (6 feet).
 +
*Solanum Rantonnetii (6 feet).
 +
Artemisia arborescens (5 feet).
 +
Pentstemon cordifolius (5 feet).
 +
*Heliotropium in variety (3 feet).
 +
Pittosporum heterophyllum (3 feet).
 +
*Fuchsia fulgens (5 feet).
 +
*Fuchsia corymbiflora (6 feet).
 +
 +
Group X. Shrubs for quick effects (California).
 +
Many shrubs are of rapid growth and if given heat and moisture will produce very quick effects. They are. therefore, especially suitable for screens, barriers, and mature effects in recently created gardens.
 +
Myoporum laetum (8 to 12 feet).
 +
Albizzia lophantha (10 feet).
 +
Leptospermum laevigatum (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Acacia in variety (6 to 20 feet).
 +
Melaleuca in variety Í6 to 10 feet).
 +
Spartium junceum (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Casuarina in variety (10 to 25 feet).
 +
Tithonia diversifolia (8 to 10 feet).
 +
*Wigandia caracasana (8 to 10 feet).
 +
*Lantana in variety (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Cytisus in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
*Iochroma in variety (8 to 10 feet).
 +
*Cassia in variety (4 to 10 feet).
 +
Buddleia in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
*Cestrum in variety (6 to 8 feet).
 +
*Plumbago capensis (4 feet).
 +
Solanum Warscewiczii (8 feet).
 +
Dodonaea cuneata (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Bocconia frutescens (8 feet).
 +
*Pittosporum undulatum (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Pittosporum eugenioides (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Pittosporum crassifolium (10 to 15 feet).
 +
*Coprosma Baueri (0 feet).
 +
Veronica in variety (2 to 6 feet).
 +
*Sparmannia africana (8 feet).
 +
Coronilla glauca (4 to 6 feet).
 +
*Anthyllia Barba-Jovis (4 to 6 feet).
 +
*Agonis flexuosa (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Fataia japonica (6 feet).
 +
Ligustrum ovalifolium (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Escallonia in variety (6 to 10 feet).
 +
Pimelea ferruginca (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Cuphea micropetals (2 feet).
 +
*Streptosolen Jamesonii (3 to 6 feet).
 +
*Grevillea Thelemanniana (4 feet).
 +
*Atriplex Breweri (6 feet).
 +
*Melianthus major (4 feet).
 +
Parkinsonia aculeata (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Ceanothus arborea (8 feet).
 +
Muehlenbeckia platyclada (6 feet).
 +
Clerodendron in variety (8 feet).
 +
*Abutilon in variety (8 feet).
 +
Carica quercifolta (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Agonis flexuosa, Schau. A tall shrub or tree from Austral.: lvs. lanceolate, smooth, dark green, the margins tinged with purple: fl.-heads white, axillary, surrounded by broad bracts; stamens long, numerous, white.Group XI Especially choice and neat shrubs.
 +
Those shrubs which are free-flowering, compact, and possess interesting and well-arranged foliage, are much in demand for the more intensively developed parts of a garden. They are particularly suitable for use on small home grounds; in formal gardens, and around the base-line of buildings.
 +
 +
Erica in variety (4 feet).
 +
Dioema ericoides (3 feet).
 +
*Eugenia myrtifolia (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Choisya ternata (6 feet).
 +
Daphne odora (3 feet).
 +
*Grevillea Thelemanniana (4 feet).
 +
Leptospermum scoparium var. Nichollii (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Lonicera nitida (4 to ? feet).
 +
Berberís Darwinii (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Abelia grandiflora (6 feet).
 +
Pimelea ferruginea (4 to 6 feet).
 +
*Myrtus Ugni (4 feet).
 +
Templetonia retusa (3 feet).
 +
Asystasia bella (3 feet).
 +
Sollya heterophylla (3 feet).
 +
*Trachelospermum jasminoides (3 feet).
 +
*Philadelphus mexicanus (5 feet).
 +
Michelia fuscata (6 feet).
 +
Heterocentron roseum (1 foot).
 +
Daedalacanthus nervosus (2 feet).
 +
Cassia artemisioides (4 feet).
 +
Eugenia spiculata (8 feet).
 +
Myrtus communis var. microphylla (2 to 3 feet).
 +
*Coprosma Baueri (6 feet).
 +
*Cneorum tricoecon (3 feet).
 +
Cotoncaster horizontalis (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster Franchetii (4 to 6 feet).
 +
Cotoneaster microphylla (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Ligustrum coriaceum (3 to 6 foet).
 +
Ligustrum sinense (6 feet).
 +
*Genista monosperma (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Rhodorhiza florida (0 feet).
 +
Aucuba japonica (4 feet).
 +
Azara microphylla (8 feet).
 +
Buxus in variety (2 to 8 feet).
 +
Camellia japonica (8 feet).
 +
Cytisus racemosus (2 to 3 feet).
 +
Evonymus japonica var. aureo-marginata (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Evonymus japonica var. viridi-variegata (4 feet).
 +
Mahonia japonica (4 feet).
 +
Melaleuca decussata (5 feet).
 +
Nandina domestica (6 feet).
 +
Osmanthus Aquifolium (4 feet).
 +
Veronica in variety (2 to 6 feet).
 +
*Carissa grandiflora (4 feet).
 +
Hardenbergia monophylla Í5 feet).
 +
Jasminum primulinum (6 feet).
 +
Metrosideros lucida (6 feet).
 +
*Tibouchina splendens (5 feet).
 +
Salvia Seseei (6 feet).
 +
*Fuchsia corymbiflora (6 feet).
 +
*Fuchsia fulgens (4 feet).
 +
*Fuchsia arborescens (6 feet).
 +
*Duranta Plumieri var. alba (3 to 6 feet).
 +
 +
Cnearum tricoccon. Linn., the spurge olive, is a native of 8. Eu.: smooth, evergreen, 1 or 2 ft. high: lvs. narrow, entire, obtuse: fls. axillary; pedicels not adnate to the bracts. Cneorum is one of the Simarubaceae, or by recent authorities made the sole representative of
 +
the family Cneoraceae.Group XII. Ornamental native shrubs.While the native shrubs of California are not, in many cases, so effective and attractive for landscape purposes as most of the exotic material used, there is a growing interest in their ornamental qualities. They may be employed extensively to give character to the extremely naturalistic home grounds and to the typically Californian garden. Only the more ornamental species in general cultivation are listed below.
 +
 +
Carpenteria californica (0 to 8 feet).
 +
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (8 feet).
 +
Photinia arbutifolia (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Lyonothamnus floribundus var. aeplenifolius (15 to 20 feet).
 +
Prunus ilicifolia var. integrifolia (10 to 15 feet).
 +
Arbutus Menziesii (10 to 20 feet).
 +
Ceanothus arboreus (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Ceanothus spinoeus (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Parkinsonia aculeata (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Garrya Fremontii (6 feet).
 +
Romneya Coulteri (6 feet).
 +
Ribee speciosum (4 feet).
 +
Vaccinium ovatum (3 feet).
 +
Mahonia Aquifolium (4 feet).
 +
Rhamnus californica (8 to 10 feet).
 +
Rhus integrifolia (6 feet).
 +
Rhus ovata (6 to 8 feet).
 +
Rhamnus crocea var. ilicifolia (4 feet).
 +
Umbellularia californica (15 to 30 feet).
 +
Cercocarpus parvifolius (8 feet).
 +
*Gaultheria Shallon (2 feet).
 +
Arctostaphylos in variety (6 feet).
 +
Fremontia californica (8 feet).
 +
Calycanthus occidentalis (6 feet).
 +
Dendromecon rigidum (6 feet).
 +
* Lavatera assurgentiflora (6 feet).
 +
*Mimulus glutinosus (4 feet).
 +
 +
John Wm. Gregg.
 +
R. T. Stevens.
 +
 +
Vines for California.
 +
In countries where there is a maximum of sunlight, vines become a most important class of plant-material. The many vines used in California are roughly divided into classes according to the climatic divisions of the state. Tropical and semi-tropical evergreen vines find most favor
 +
in southern California, where gorgeous coloring and luxurious growth appear most in harmony with the landscape; while the half-hardy evergreens and the choicest deciduous vines are most suitable for use along the central California coast. On the other hand, the vine which loses its foliage in winter finds the greatest favor in the interior sections of the state, although such few evergreens as withstand several degrees of frost are often employed for decorative purposes. When very quick effects are wanted, the annual vine is often used.
 +
All vines except those clinging to rough surfaces need substantial support, while most vines require a certain amount of thinning and training. The tendency is to neglect the plant after
 +
it is once established and allow it to form thick unsightly masses of stems near the top of the support, thereby destroying such decorative beauty as the vine may possess. Vines should not be "headed back" or heavily pruned unless the plant is to be renovated, as a coarse rank growth is encouraged. If possible, choose strong stems as leaders and train in a fan-like manner so as finally to cover the desired area. Spring-flowering vines should be pruned soon after blooming,
 +
while summer- and fall-flowering vines may be thinned in the spring. The foliage of evergreen vines may be best reauced by careful selective thinning immediately after a blooming period. Always begin to train a vine as soon as possible; do not wait for it to begin to climb.
 +
No climbing roses have been included in the following lists, as it is felt that they should be considered as a separate class of plant-material. Such vines as are not marked with D" or "A"
 +
are evergreen, while those without an "o" or "x" are hardy. D—deciduous; A-annual; o—not resistant to frost; x—resistant to 10° to 12° of frost.
 +
 +
1. Vines which cover objects and surfaces densely.
 +
The vines in this list have a tendency to cover their supports entirely, making a dense screen and thereby destroying architectural lines.
 +
D-—Actinidia chinensis.
 +
D—Akebia quinata.
 +
x—Buddleia madagascariensis.
 +
D—Campeis chinensis.
 +
D—Campeis radicans.
 +
Caraioapermum hirsutum.
 +
D—Clematis montana.
 +
D—Clematis paniculata.
 +
x—Dolichos Lignosus.
 +
Ficua pumila.
 +
Gelsemium sempervirens.
 +
Hedera hetix.
 +
Hedera helix var. chrysocarpa,
 +
A—Humulus japonious.
 +
D—Ipomoea Learii.
 +
x—Jasminum gracillimum.
 +
x—Jasminum grandiflorum.
 +
x—.Jasminum officinale.
 +
Kennedya rubicunda.
 +
Lantana Sellowiana.
 +
Lonicera japonica var. Halliana.
 +
Lonicera Periclymenum
 +
var. belgica.
 +
Melothria punctata.
 +
Muehlenbeckia complexa.
 +
x—Pandorea australis.
 +
o—Pandorea Brycei.
 +
x—Pandorea jasminoidea.
 +
x—Pandorea jasminoides var.
 +
alba.
 +
D—Parthenocissus quinque folia.
 +
D—Parthenocissus tricuspidata.
 +
Passiflora caerulea.
 +
Passiflora caerulea var. alba.
 +
O- Passiflora edulis.
 +
x—Passiflora manicata.
 +
Passiflora mollissima.
 +
x—Pelargonium peltatum.
 +
D—Periploca graeca.
 +
x—Pithecoctenium muricatum.
 +
x—Plumbago capensis.
 +
x—Plumbago capensis var.
 +
alba.
 +
D—Pueraria hirsuta.
 +
x—Salpichroa rhomboides.
 +
D—Senecio mikanioides.
 +
o—Solandra guttata.
 +
x—Serjania fuscifolia.
 +
x—Steptosolen Jamesonii.
 +
x—Tecoma capensis.
 +
A—Tropaeolum majus.
 +
x—Vitis (Cissus) antarctica
 +
x—Vitia (Cissua) capensis.
 +
D—Wisteria chinensis.
 +
D—Wisteria multijuga.
 +
2. Vines producing light open tracery.
 +
Vines to be ornamental should decorate and not entirely cover. Their chief purpose is to soften and partially break hard architectural lines. It is the contrast between foliage and background which produces decorative effect. Vines of this section are especially good for columns, walls, and frames.
 +
 +
o—Abrus precatorius.
 +
D—Antigonon leptopus.
 +
o—Ariatolochia triangularis.
 +
x—Asparagua asparagoides.
 +
x—Asparagus plumosus.
 +
x—Aaparagua plumosus var.
 +
comorensis.
 +
Bignonia Unguia-cati (B.
 +
Tweediana).
 +
D—Clematis Henryi.
 +
D—Clematis Jackmanii.
 +
D—Clematis montana var.rubena.
 +
x—Cobaea scandens.
 +
x—Dioclea glycinoides.
 +
o—Dipladenia hybrids.
 +
a—Eccremocarpus acaber.
 +
x—Hardenbergia Comptoniana.
 +
Hedera helix.
 +
o—Hidalgoa Wercklei.
 +
x—Hoya oarnoea.
 +
x—Jasminum asoricum.
 +
x—Jasminum nitidum.
 +
D—Jasminum nudiflorum.
 +
x—Linaria Cymbalaria.
 +
D—Mandevilla suaveolens.
 +
Maurandia Barclaians.
 +
x—Maurandia Lophospermum.
 +
a—Momordica Balsamina.
 +
x—Pithecoctenium cynanchoides.
 +
x—Pithecoctenium muricatum.
 +
x—Pyrostegia venuata.
 +
Solanum jasminoidea.
 +
x—Solanum Seaforthianum.
 +
Sollya heterophylla.
 +
o—Stigmaphyllon ciliatum.
 +
o—Stigmaphyllon littorale.
 +
o—Thunbergia grandiflora.
 +
x—Tracheloapermum jasminoides.
 +
 +
3. Vines as ground-covers on slopes, embankments, and under trees.
 +
Vines require little care, hold the soil and make a permanent effect in those situations where the soil is too poor or too shady to maintain a satisfactory lawn.
 +
Bignonia Unguis-cati.
 +
x—Duchesnea indica.
 +
Fragaria californica.
 +
Fragaria chiloensia.
 +
Hedera helix*
 +
a—Humulus japonicus.
 +
x—Jaaminum primulinum.
 +
x—Lantana Camara.
 +
Lantana Sellowiana.
 +
Lippia caneacens.
 +
Lonicera japonica var. Hal- liana,
 +
x—Lotus Bertholetii.
 +
Mesembryanthemum
 +
cordifolium.
 +
Mesembryanthemum
 +
roseum.
 +
Muehlenbeckia chilensis.
 +
Muehlenbeckia complex
 +
x—Pelargonium peltatum.
 +
D—Senecio mikanioides.
 +
Sollya heterophylla.
 +
A—Troproolum majus. Vinca major. Vinca minor,
 +
x—Vitis (Cissus) capensis.
 +
4. Vines for stone, plaster, and brick surfaces.
 +
Because of their various ways of clinging to rough surfaces, these vines need no support. They
 +
should not be grown on wood surfaces which are to be painted.
 +
D—Bignonia capreolata.
 +
Bignonia Unguiscati (B.Tweediana).
 +
x—Cisaua striata.
 +
x—Clytostoma purpureum.
 +
D—Decumaria barbara.
 +
Evonymus radicana. Evonymus radicana var.
 +
roseo-marginata.
 +
Ficus pumila.
 +
Ficus pumila var. minima.
 +
Hedera helix.
 +
Hedera helix var. chrysocarpa.
 +
D—Parthenocissus quinquefolia.
 +
D—Parthenocissus quinquefolia var. Engelmannii.
 +
D—Parthenocissus tricuspidata.
 +
x—Phaedranthus buccinatorius.
 +
 +
6. Vines for quick effects.
 +
Useful to obtain mature effects in gardens. Rapid- growing deciduous vines are especially desirable for porches, pergolas, and arbors located in the large interior valleys.
 +
 +
D—Actinidia chinensis.
 +
D—Ariatolochia macrophylla
 +
(A. Sipho).
 +
Bignonia Unguis-cati (B.
 +
Tweediana).
 +
D—Bousaingaultia basselloides.
 +
x—Buddleia madagaacariensia.
 +
D—Campaia radicana.
 +
D—Clematia montana.
 +
D—Clematia paniculata.
 +
Cobnea scandena.
 +
x—Dolichoa Ugnoaua.
 +
x—Dolichoa lignoaus var. alba.
 +
A—Humulua Japonicua.
 +
D—Humulua lupulua.
 +
D—Ipomcca Learii.
 +
D—Ipomcea aetoaa.
 +
x—Jaaminum primulinum.
 +
x—Lantana Camara.
 +
Lathyrus aplendena.
 +
Lonicera japonica var.
 +
Halliana.
 +
Maurandia Barclaiana.
 +
Molothria punctata. x—Pandorea auatralia. o—Pandorea Brycei.
 +
Paaaiflora cnrulea.
 +
Pay.^iflora ca-ruloa var.
 +
alba.
 +
o—Paaaiflora edulia.
 +
x—Passiflora inanirata.
 +
x—Paasiflora mollisaima.
 +
o—Passiflora racemosa (P. princeps).           
 +
x—Passiflora tubiflora.
 +
x—Pelargonium peltatum.             
 +
x—Phaedranthus buccinatorius.                   
 +
D—Phaseolus Caracalla.
 +
x—Philadelphus mexicanus.         
 +
D—Pueraria hirsuta.               
 +
x—Salpichroa rhomboidea.           
 +
D—Sechium edule.
 +
D—Senecio mikanioides.                                 
 +
Solanum jasminoides.
 +
D—Solanum Wendlandii.
 +
o—Solandra guttata.
 +
x—Tecoma capensis.
 +
D—Thunbergia alata.
 +
o—Thunbergia coccinea.
 +
A—Tropaeolum majus.
 +
 +
6. Free-flowering vines for California.
 +
 +
Many vines produce only foliage effects or bloom but once a year. The vines in this list bear flowers more or less continuously. They are especially suitable for arbors and trellises in the flower-garden.
 +
 +
o—Allamanda cathartics var.        Lonicera sempervirens.
 +
  Hendersonii.                  D—Mandevilla suaveolens.                                     
 +
 +
D—Antigonon leptopus.              Manettia bicolor.
 +
o—Beaumontia grandiflora.        x—Pandorea jasminoides.
 +
x—Bougainvillea brasiliensia.    x—Pandorea jasminoides var. alba,
 +
x—Bougainvillea glabra.          x—Passiflora militaris.
 +
x—Bougainvillea spectabilis        o—Passiflora racemosa(P.  princeps).
 +
  var. lateritia.                  x—Pelargonium peltatum.
 +
  Cardiospermum hirsutum.          x—Phaedranthus buccina-torius.
 +
x—Chorisema ilicifolium.          D—Phaseolus Caracalla.
 +
A—Clitoria Ternatea.              x—Pithecoctenium murica-tum. 
 +
x—Clytostoma callistegioides.      x—Plumbago capensis,   
 +
  Cobaea scandens.                x—Pyrostegia venusta.
 +
x-Dolichos lignosus                o—Schubertia grandiflora. 
 +
x—Dolichos lignosus.var. alba.    o—Solandra grandiflora.
 +
x—Hardenbergia Comptoniana          Solanum jasminoides.
 +
x-Jasminum asoricum.              x—Solanum Seaforthianum.
 +
x—Jasminum floribundum.            D—Solanum Wendlandii.
 +
x—Jasminum gracillimum.            x—Sollya heterophylla. 
 +
x—Jasminum grandiflorum.          o—Stephanotis floribunda.
 +
x—Jasminum, Maid of Orleans,      x—Stigmaphyllon ciliatum.
 +
o—Jasminum nitidum.                x—Swainsona galegifolia var.
 +
x—Jasminum simplicifolium,          albiflora.
 +
  Jasminum Sambac, Grand Duke.    x—Tecoma capenais.
 +
x—Lantana Camara.                  o—Thunbergia grandiflora.
 +
  Lantana Sellowiana.              x—Trachelospermum jasminoides.
 +
  Lathyrus latifolius var. albus  D—Tropaeolum majus.
 +
  Lathyrus splendens.
 +
  Lonicera japonica var. Halliana.
 +
 +
7. Vines somewhat resistant to shade.
 +
 +
Good for courts, north sides of buildings, under trees and on shady slopes.
 +
 +
x—Asparagus asparagoides.            D—Parthenocissus quinque-folia.
 +
x—Asparagus plumosus.                D—Parthenocissus tricuspi-data.
 +
x—Chorisema ilicifolium.            o—Quisqualis indica.
 +
x—Clianthus puniceus.                D—Senecio mikanioides.
 +
x—Clytostoma callistegioides.        x—Solanum Seaforthianum.
 +
  Ficus pumila,                        Sollya heterophylla.
 +
  Ficus pumila var. minima.          o—Stephanotis floribunda.
 +
  Hedera colchica (H. Raeg- neriana).o—Thunbergia laurifolia.
 +
  Hedera helix.                      x—Tracheloapermum jasminoidea.
 +
x—Hoya carnosa.                        Tradescantia virginiana.               
 +
x—Jasminum asoricum.                  Vinca major,
 +
x—Jasminum gracillimum.                Vinca minor.
 +
x—Jasminum primulinum.              x—Vitis (Cissus) antarctica.
 +
x—Linaria Cymbalaria.                x—Vitis (Cissus) capensis.
 +
  lippa canescens.                  x—Vitis (Cissus) rhombifolia.
 +
D—Micromeria Chamissonis.
 +
x—Pandorea australis.
 +
 +
8. Vines somewhat resistant to drought.
 +
 +
Vines are largely natives of cool moist forest floors where the soil is deep and loose, but the
 +
 +
following will endure a certain amount of drought and hard clay soils.
 +
 +
Bignonia Unguis-cati (B.Tweediana).    Lonicera Periclymenum
 +
x—Bougainvilleas.                      var. belgica.
 +
x—Buddleia madagascariensis.          Mesembryanthemum roseum.
 +
x—Dioclea glycinoides.                Muehlenbeckia complexa.
 +
x—Dolichoe lignosus.                x—Pandorea auatralia.
 +
  Evonymus radicans.                  Pandorea jasminoides.
 +
  Ficus pumila.                      x-Passiflora manicata.
 +
  Hedera helix.                      x-Passiflora mollissima.
 +
x—Jasminum primulinum.              x—Pelargonium peltatum.
 +
x—Lantana Camara.                    D—Periploca graeca.
 +
x—Lantana Sellowiana.                x—Plumbago capensis.
 +
  Lathyrus latifolius.              x—Salpichroa rhomboidea.
 +
  Lathyrus splendens.                D—Senecio mikanioides.
 +
  Lippia canescens.                  x—Serjania fuscifolia.
 +
  Lonicera japonica var.            Solanum jasminoidea.
 +
  Halliana,                        Sollya heterophylla.
 +
x—StreptoSolen Jamesonii.            Vinca major.
 +
x—Tecoma capensis.                  Vinca major, variegated.
 +
D—Tropaeolum majus.                  Vinca minor.
 +
 +
 +
9. Vines for pergolas and arbors.
 +
For this purpose vines should not be allowed to make too heavy top growth and they should be so
 +
rained that a certain amount of their foliage is pendent.
 +
D—Antigonon leptopus.                    Lonicera japonica var. Hal-liana.
 +
D—Aristolochia macrophylla              D—Mandevilla suaveolena.
 +
  (A. Sipho).                            Muehlenbeckia complexa.
 +
o—Aristolochia elegans.                x—Pandorea jasminoides.
 +
  Bignonia Unguis-cati (B.Tweediana).  x—Pandorea jasminoides var.alba.
 +
x—Bougainvillea brasiliensis.          o—Pandorea Brycei.
 +
o—Beaumontia grandiflora.              D—Periploca graeca (Silk Vine),
 +
D—Clematis montana.                    x—Phaedranthus buccinato-rius.
 +
D—Clematis paniculata.                  x—Philadelphus mexicanus.
 +
x—Clytostoma purpureum.                x—Pithecoctenium cynan-choides.
 +
x—Dioclea glycinoides.                  x—Pithecoctenium muricatum.
 +
  Gelsemium sempervirens.              o—Solandra guttata.
 +
x—Hardenbergia Comptoniana.              Solanum jasminoides.
 +
  Hedera colchica (H. Raeg- neriana).  x—Solanum Seaforthianum.
 +
  Hedera helix.                        D—Solanum Wendlandii.
 +
  Hedera helix var. chry- socarpa.      x—Stauntonia hexaphylla.
 +
o—Hidalgoa Wercklei.                    o—Stephanotis floribunda.
 +
A—Humulus japonicus.                    o—Stigmaphyllon ciliatum.
 +
x—Jasminum asoricum.                    x—Tecoma capensis.
 +
x—Jasminum floribundum.                o—Thunbergia grandiflora.
 +
x—Jasminum grandiflorum.                x—Vitis (Cissus) capensis.
 +
x—Jasminum nitidum.                    x—Vitis Romanetii.
 +
x—Jasminum officinale.                  D—Wisteria chinensis.
 +
x—Jasminum primulinum.                  D—Wisteria multijuga 
 +
x—Jasminum rigidum (J. li-gustrifolium) D-Wisteria multijuga var.alba.
 +
x—Lonicera Hildebrandiana.
 +
 +
10. Foliage vines for California.
 +
 +
Many vines are especially ornamental because of their foliage effects. Those with smooth bright
 +
green closely arranged leaves are most desirable.
 +
D—Actinidia chinensis.        x—Pandorea jasminoides.
 +
D—Ampelopsis arborea.          o—Passiflora edulis.
 +
D—Aristolochia macrophylla    o—Passiflora laurifolia.
 +
  (A. Sipho).                  o—Passiflora ligularia.
 +
x—Asparagus asparagoidea.      x—Phaedranthus buccina-torius.
 +
x—Ciaaus striata.              D—Pueraria hirauts.
 +
x—Clytostoma callistegioides.  D—Senecio mikanioides.
 +
  Cobaea scandcns.            x—Serjania fuscifolia.
 +
x—Dolichos lignosus.          x—Solanum Seaforthianum.
 +
  Evonymus radicans.          D—Solanum Wendlandii.
 +
  Ficus pumila.                x—Stauntonia hexaphylla.
 +
  Gelsemium sempervirens.      o—Thunbergia grandiflora.
 +
A—Humulus japonicus.          x—Vitis (Cissus) antarctica.
 +
x—Jasminum azoricum            x—Vitis (Cissus) capensis.
 +
x—Jasminum gracillimum.        x—Vitis (Cissus) hypoglauca.
 +
x—Jasminum rigidum (J. ligus-  x—Vitis (Cissus) rhombifolia.
 +
  trifolium).
 +
x—Pandorea australis.
 +
 +
Millettia mega-sperma, Benth., the "evergreen wisteria" from Austral.is a promising plant in
 +
California: woody climber:lfts.7-13, obovate or obovate-oblong: fls. purple, in racemes 4—6 in.
 +
long which comprise a terminal panicle.
 +
John Wm Gregg.
 +
R. T. Stevens.
 +
Katherine D. Jones.
  
 
{{SCH}}
 
{{SCH}}

Revision as of 08:44, 13 September 2009


Upload.png


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names



Read about Planting in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

{{{1}}}

The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Planting&oldid=72528"