Difference between revisions of "Black Cherry"

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{{2otheruses|the tree|the album by Koda Kumi|Black Cherry (Kumi Koda album)|the album by Goldfrapp|Black Cherry (album)}}
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| latin_name = ''Prunus serotina''
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{{Taxobox
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| common_names = Black Cherry, Cabinet Cherry, Whiskey Cherry, Wild Black Cherry, Wild Cherry
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| color = lightgreen
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| name = Black Cherry
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =     <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Amerikaanse vogelkers Prunus serotina closeup.jpg
 
| image = Amerikaanse vogelkers Prunus serotina closeup.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = Black Cherry flowers and leaves
 
| image_caption = Black Cherry flowers and leaves
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| familia = Rosaceae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| subfamilia = Prunoideae
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| genus = Prunus
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
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| subgenus = Padus
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| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
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| species = serotina
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| subfamilia = [[Prunoideae]]
 
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| genus = ''[[Prunus]]''
 
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| subgenus = ''[[bird cherry|Padus]]''
 
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| species = '''''P. serotina'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Prunus serotina''
 
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| binomial_authority = [[Ehrh.]]
 
 
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}}
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{{Inc|
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[[Image:Wild_cherry_bark.jpg|thumb|left|Black Cherry bark]]
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Prunus serotina, Ehrh. (Padus serotina, Agardh. Cerasus serotina, Loisel.). Wild Black Cherry. Strong straight tree, reaching 100 ft., with very dark brown bitter aromatic bark: lvs. oblong, lance-oblong or oblong-ovate, tapering to a point, thickish and firm, shining above, with many small incurved callous teeth: fls. in long, loose racemes, appearing when the lvs. are nearly full grown: fr. size of a pea, purple-black, bitterish, ripening in late summer and Sept. Generally distributed from Nova Scotia to Dakota, south to Fla. and Texas.—A valuable timber tree, furnishing lumber for cabinet work and house finishings; also a fine lawn tree. It is much used in forestry plantings. Var. pendula, Dipp., has drooping branches. G.Z. 26:241. Var. pyramidalis, Zabel, is of narrow pyramidal growth. Var. variegata, Hort., has yellow-marked lvs. Var. cartilaginea, Dipp. (var. carthagena, Hort., by error. P. cartilaginea, Lehm.), is a handsome form with very long, shining lvs. Var. asplenifolia, Hort. (Cerasus serotina var. asplenifolia, Kirchn.), has narrow deeply toothed lvs.
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Var. neomontana, Sudw. (Padus serotina var. neomontana, Small), of the high mountains in the southern Alleghanies, has ample leathery coarsely serrate lvs. which are pale or whitish beneath, stout few-fld. diverging racemes, and sepals and filaments pubescent.
  
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The '''Black Cherry''', '''Cabinet Cherry''', '''Whiskey Cherry''', '''Wild Black Cherry''' or, '''Wild Cherry''' (''Prunus serotina'') is a species of [[Prunus|cherry]], native to [[Eastern United States|eastern]] [[North America]] from southern [[Quebec]] and [[Ontario]] south to [[Texas]] and central [[Florida]]. It is a species in the subgenus ''[[bird cherry|Padus]]'' with [[flower]]s in [[raceme]]s, and is a [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 15-30 m tall.
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The P. serotina group is now held to include other species in the southern states and southward, but apparently they are not in cult, outside botanic gardens: P. eximia, Small (Padus eximia, Small), differs from P. serotina in having sepals or calyx-lobes deltoid and slightly broader than long rather than ovate, and lvs. delicately reticulated rather than plain. River-valleys, Texas. P. Cuthbertii, Small (Padus Cuthbertii, Small), differs from P. serotina in having young parts (young shoots, raceme-axis and pedicels) pubescent rather than glabrous: lvs. obovate and blunt, finely and rather sparingly pubescent beneath and becoming glabrate and glaucous with age: drupe red. Woods, Ga. P. alabamensis, Mohr (Padus alabamensis, Small), is distinguished from P. Cuthbertii in having lvs. ovate, oblong, or elliptic and acute or acuminate, and drupe purple. Mountains, Ga., Ala. P. australis, Beadle (Padus australis, Small), has young parts pubescent: lvs. not glaucous but densely and permanently clothed with colored tomentum. Ala. P. Capollin, Koehne (P. Capuli, Cav. Cerasus Capollin, DC.), from Mex., a very large tree with long and slender pedicels: lvs. lanceolate, long-acuminate: fr. large. P. salicifolia, HBK., in S. Amer. and probably not in Mex. as reported: evergreen, differing little from P. Capuli and presumably in need of closer definition: apparently not in cult., although the name occurs in horticultural literature.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
  
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[[Image:Wild_cherry_bark.jpg|thumb|left|Black Cherry bark]]
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==Cultivation==
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple, 6-14 cm long, with a serrated margin. The [[fruit]] are 1 cm in diameter, somewhat [[astringent]] and bitter to eat fresh, but suitable for making [[jam]] and [[pie|cherry pies]]; they are also a popular flavoring for [[soft drink|soda]]s. The fruit is readily eaten by [[bird]]s, which do not taste astringency as unpleasant. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant. The Black Cherry can easily be identified in a forest by its papery, dark red bark. However, for about the first decade or so of its life, the bark resembles that of a [[Birch]], and is thin and striped. It can also quickly be identified by its long, shiny leaves resembling that of a [[Sourwood]].
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The Black Cherry is a [[Pioneer species]]. In the [[Midwest]], it is seen growing mostly in old fields with other sunlight loving species, such as [[Black Walnut]], [[Black locust]], and [[Hackberry]]. It rarely grows to more than 3' diameter, and is short lived for a tree of its size. The short life span may be influenced by the Black Cherry's weak limbs, which break easily during storms and snowfalls. This leads to exposure of the trunk, which causes early decay. The Black Cherry is also a host of the [[Eastern tent caterpillar]], which defoliate entire groves some springs.
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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It is recommended that farmers quickly remove any Black Cherry trees that fall in a field containing livestock, because the wilted leaves release [[Cyanide]], which if eaten could poison the animals. Removal is not always practical though, because Black Cherries often grow in very large numbers on farms, taking advantage of the light brought about by mowing and grazing. Entire fencerows can be lined with this posionous tree, making it difficult to monitor all the branches falling into the grazing area.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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This is perhaps the premier cabinetry timber of the US, traded as "cherry". It is known for its strong red color and high price.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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It is closely related to the [[Chokecherry]] (''Prunus virginiana''), from which it differs in the larger leaves and the cherries, which when ripe are black (hence the name), not red.
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/prse2.htm ''Prunus serotina'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PRSE2 NCRS: USDA Plants Profile: ''Prunus serotina'']
 
  
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{{Commons|Prunus serotina}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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[[Category:Cherries]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Flora of North America]]
 
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[[Category:Trees of Eastern United States|Cherry, Black]]
 
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[[Category:Trees of Plains-Midwest U.S.|Cherry, Black]]
 
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[[Category:Trees of Ontario|Cherry, Black]]
 
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[[Category:Trees of Quebec|Cherry, Black]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:56, 22 September 2009


Black Cherry flowers and leaves


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Rosaceae >

Prunus >

serotina >



Read about Black Cherry in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 
Black Cherry bark

Prunus serotina, Ehrh. (Padus serotina, Agardh. Cerasus serotina, Loisel.). Wild Black Cherry. Strong straight tree, reaching 100 ft., with very dark brown bitter aromatic bark: lvs. oblong, lance-oblong or oblong-ovate, tapering to a point, thickish and firm, shining above, with many small incurved callous teeth: fls. in long, loose racemes, appearing when the lvs. are nearly full grown: fr. size of a pea, purple-black, bitterish, ripening in late summer and Sept. Generally distributed from Nova Scotia to Dakota, south to Fla. and Texas.—A valuable timber tree, furnishing lumber for cabinet work and house finishings; also a fine lawn tree. It is much used in forestry plantings. Var. pendula, Dipp., has drooping branches. G.Z. 26:241. Var. pyramidalis, Zabel, is of narrow pyramidal growth. Var. variegata, Hort., has yellow-marked lvs. Var. cartilaginea, Dipp. (var. carthagena, Hort., by error. P. cartilaginea, Lehm.), is a handsome form with very long, shining lvs. Var. asplenifolia, Hort. (Cerasus serotina var. asplenifolia, Kirchn.), has narrow deeply toothed lvs.

Var. neomontana, Sudw. (Padus serotina var. neomontana, Small), of the high mountains in the southern Alleghanies, has ample leathery coarsely serrate lvs. which are pale or whitish beneath, stout few-fld. diverging racemes, and sepals and filaments pubescent.

The P. serotina group is now held to include other species in the southern states and southward, but apparently they are not in cult, outside botanic gardens: P. eximia, Small (Padus eximia, Small), differs from P. serotina in having sepals or calyx-lobes deltoid and slightly broader than long rather than ovate, and lvs. delicately reticulated rather than plain. River-valleys, Texas. P. Cuthbertii, Small (Padus Cuthbertii, Small), differs from P. serotina in having young parts (young shoots, raceme-axis and pedicels) pubescent rather than glabrous: lvs. obovate and blunt, finely and rather sparingly pubescent beneath and becoming glabrate and glaucous with age: drupe red. Woods, Ga. P. alabamensis, Mohr (Padus alabamensis, Small), is distinguished from P. Cuthbertii in having lvs. ovate, oblong, or elliptic and acute or acuminate, and drupe purple. Mountains, Ga., Ala. P. australis, Beadle (Padus australis, Small), has young parts pubescent: lvs. not glaucous but densely and permanently clothed with colored tomentum. Ala. P. Capollin, Koehne (P. Capuli, Cav. Cerasus Capollin, DC.), from Mex., a very large tree with long and slender pedicels: lvs. lanceolate, long-acuminate: fr. large. P. salicifolia, HBK., in S. Amer. and probably not in Mex. as reported: evergreen, differing little from P. Capuli and presumably in need of closer definition: apparently not in cult., although the name occurs in horticultural literature. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

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  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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