Lupinus arboreus

Plant Characteristics

Cultivation

Scientific Names

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Read about Lupinus arboreus in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture

Lupinus arboreus, Sims. Tree Lupine. Lfts. 7-11. lanceolate-linear, acute, silvery downy below, entire:fls. somewhat verticillate, in tall, loose racemes, sulfur-yellow, fragrant: pods pubescent, 1½ -3 in. long. July-Sept. Common m Calif. B.M. 682. Gn. 30, p. 289; 47:398. Shrub, 4-10 ft. high, somewhat pubescent, not hardy at the north. Var. Snow Queen or Queen of the Snow is pure white. Var. luteus has been advertised. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

? Lupinus arboreus
Inflorescence of Lupinus arboreus
Plant Info
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Faboideae Tribe: Genisteae Genus: Lupinus Subgenus: Platycarpos (Wats.) Kurl. Species: L. arboreus
Binomial name
Lupinus arboreus Sims

Lupinus arboreus (Yellow Bush Lupine) is a species of lupine native to the western United States in California, where it is widely distributed coastal scrub and sand dunes. Because it has been widely introduced, there is some uncertainty about its native range; it is thought to be native from Point Reyes National Seashore south to San Luis Obispo County.

Yellow Bush Lupine in flower

It is a perennial shrub growing to 2 m tall (hence the alternative common name, tree lupine) in sheltered situations, but more typically 1-1.5 m tall. It has green to gray-green palmate leaves, with 5-12 leaflets per leaf. The leaflets are 2-6 cm long, often sparsely covered with fine silky hairs. Both yellow and lilac to purple flowering forms are known; however, the yellow form is more common, except in the north of the species' range. It is capable of tolerating temperatures down to -12°C and living for up to seven years.

Cultivation

The yellow-flowering form is widely grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive yellow flowers and also to bind drifting sand dunes. It has however escaped from cultivation to become an invasive species in many areas. Outside of its native range in North America, it is somewhat invasive both in southern California, and further north to southwestern Canada. It has also been introduced in western Europe, Australia (where it is considered a potential noxious weed), New Zealand, and southern South America, including the Falkland Islands.

Like all members of the family Fabaceae, it is an effective fixer of nitrogen in the soil. Where it has been introduced, it changes the chemistry of the soil, and therefore allows other exotics to establish themselves, to the detriment of native vegetation adapted to low nitrogen levels. It also hybridizes with other lupine species such as Lupinus littoralis (seashore lupin) and Lupinus rivularis (riverbank lupin), further endangering the survival of those forms.

Related species

A number of other related species of lupine also grow as bushes. They include:

• Lupinus chamissonis Chamisso bush lupine, silver bush lupine
• Lupinus albifrons Bush lupine
• Lupinus excubitus Grape soda lupine
• Lupinus longifolius Longleaf bush lupine

External links

• California Invasive Plant Council report on yellow bush lupine
• Jepson Flora Project: Lupinus arboreus