Difference between revisions of "Hakea"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Proteaceae
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| name = ''Hakea''
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|genus=Hakea
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| image = Pincushion hakea03.jpg
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|common_name=Hakea
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| image_width = 240px
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|Min ht box=1
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| image_caption = ''[[Hakea laurina]]'' (Pincushion Hakea)
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|Min ht metric=m
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|Max ht box=6
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|Max ht metric=m
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|origin=Australia
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| ordo = [[Proteales]]
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|lifespan=perennial
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| familia = [[Proteaceae]]
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|exposure=sun
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| subfamilia = [[Grevilleoideae]]
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|water=moist, moderate, dry
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| genus = '''''Hakea'''''
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|features=evergreen
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| subdivision =  
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|sunset_zones=9, 12-17, 19-24
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See text.
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|image=Pincushion hakea03.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Hakea laurina (Pincushion Hakea)
 
}}
 
}}
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Hakea (Hakea) is a genus of 149 species of shrubs and small trees in the Proteaceae, native to Australia. They are found throughout the country, with the highest species diversity being found in the south west of Western Australia{{wp}}.
  
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'''Hakea''' ('''''Hakea''''') is a genus of 149 species of [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s in the '''[[Proteaceae]]''', native to [[Australia]]. They are found throughout the country, with the highest species diversity being found in the south west of [[Western Australia]]. They can reach 1-6 [[metre|m]] in height, and have spirally arranged [[leaf|leaves]] 2-20 cm long, simple or compound, sometimes (e.g. ''H. suaveolens'') with the leaflets thin cylindrical and [[Juncaceae|rush]]-like. The [[flower]]s are produced in dense flowerheads of variable shape, globose to cylindrical, 3-10 cm long, with numerous small red, yellow, pink, purple, pale blue or white flowers.
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They can reach 1-6 m in height, and have spirally arranged leaves 2-20 cm long, simple or compound, sometimes (e.g. H. suaveolens) with the leaflets thin cylindrical and rush-like{{wp}}. The flowers are produced in dense flowerheads of variable shape, globose to cylindrical, 3-10 cm long, with numerous small red, yellow, pink, purple, pale blue or white flowers{{wp}}.
  
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Hakeas are named after Baron [[Christian Ludwig von Hake]], the [[18th century]] [[Germany|German]] patron of [[botany]], following [[Heinrich Schrader]]'s description of ''[[Hakea teretifolia]]'' in [[1797]].
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It is now widely accepted that Grevillea is paraphyletic with respect to Hakea. It is likely, therefore, that Hakea will soon be transferred into Grevillea{{wp}}.
  
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It is now widely accepted that ''[[Grevillea]]'' is [[paraphyly|paraphyletic]] with respect to ''Hakea''. It is likely, therefore, that ''Hakea'' will soon be transferred into ''Grevillea''.
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{{Inc|
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Hakea (after Baron von Hake, a German friend of botany). Proteaceae. Australian evergreen shrubs cultivated indoors abroad, much used for ornamental planting in the open in California.
  
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===Classification===
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The foliage of the various species of Hakea is exceedingly diverse; in some the lvs. are flat and broad, and then entire or merely toothed, in others they are terete, and then either simple and entire or pinnately parted: fls. in pairs, the pairs commonly crowded in close racemes or globose clusters, these mostly sessile in the lf. axils; corolla-tube slender, usually recurved beneath the limb, which is mostly globose, the 4 lobes cohering long after the tube has opened; lobes concave and bear sessile anthers; the single style either long or short but always dilated at the end: fr. a hard woody caps, opening in 2 valves and bearing 2 compressed winged seeds.—Ninety-five species are fully described in English, with a key in Flora Australiensis 5:489 (1870). Eleven species grown in Calif, are described and discussed, with a key and 8 illustrations in Univ. Calif. Pub. Botany 4:14-20 (1910).
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Hakeas are closely related to the genus ''[[Grevillea]]'' and ''[[Finschia]]'', both members of the subfamily '''[[Grevilleoideae]]''' within the family '''Proteaceae'''. Many species have similar [[inflorescences]], but hakeas can be distinguished by their woody seed pods.
 
  
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===Horticulture===
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Hakeas are drought-resistant plants which endure moderate frost and are therefore well adapted to the drier parts of the South and Southwest. In California they are grown as far north as Sacramento. One of these, H. laurina, produces strikingly handsome fls.; H. elliptica is prized for the bronze color of its young foliage; while the spiny-leaved species are serviceable for planting in public parks or in any place where it is necessary for shrubs to protect themselves from pedestrians or vandals.
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Hakeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s in [[garden]]s in Australia, though not nearly as commonly seen as grevilleas and banksias. Several [[hybrid]]s and [[cultivar]]s have been developed. They are best grown in beds of light soil which is watered but still well drained.  
 
  
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Hakeas may be propagated by cuttings taken from ripened shoots but they are almost universally grown from seeds. These are gathered from year-old capsules which are very hard and must be dried for some time before they will open. The seeds are sown in winter or early spring in the ordinary mixture of sand, leaf-mold, and loam; they germinate easily, even without, heat. The young seedlings are pricked off into boxes and held in the lathhouse for a season before planting in the open. For best results hakeas should be grown in light, well-drained soil and need but little water after they are once established; much moisture is injurious except during the summer months.
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H. aquifolia, is a garden name sometimes applied to H. saligna. H. cyclocarpa, Lindl. Foliage as in H. laurina but lvs. and fr. larger, the fl.-heads not involucrate: corolla silky-pubescent. Once offered by Franeeschi.—H. multilineata, Meissn. Related to H. laurina: lf.-veins more numerous: fl.-clusters oblong: fr. only Min. broad. G.C. III. 19:85 (var.). Reported but apparently never intro.—H. nftida, R. Br. Lvs. bright green, oblong, entire or toothed: fls. white, in stalked clusters: fr. 1 in. long by  ½ in. broad. B.M. 2246.—H. undulata, R. Br. Lvs. glabrous, obovate or rarely lanceolate: fls. small, in axillary clusters: fr. recurved at base, 1 ½ in. long by ¾ in. broad, distinctly beaked.—H. varia, R. Br. Some lvs. with nearly terete lobes, then resembling H. suavcolena, but varying to flat and holly-like, 1-2 in. long, obscurely veined or veinless. always tapering at the base: fls. in small clusters, the rachia villous, pedicels and small corolla glabrous: fr. ¾ in. long by ½ in. broad. Offered by Franceschi.
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Harvey Monroe Hall.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
 
Some showy western species, such as ''[[Hakea multilineata]]'', ''[[Hakea francisiana|H. francisiana]]'' and ''[[Hakea bucculenta|H. bucculenta]]'', require [[grafting]] onto hardy stock such as ''[[Hakea salicifolia]]'' for growing in more humid climates, as they are sensitive to [[Phytophthora cinnamomi|dieback]].
 
Some showy western species, such as ''[[Hakea multilineata]]'', ''[[Hakea francisiana|H. francisiana]]'' and ''[[Hakea bucculenta|H. bucculenta]]'', require [[grafting]] onto hardy stock such as ''[[Hakea salicifolia]]'' for growing in more humid climates, as they are sensitive to [[Phytophthora cinnamomi|dieback]].
  
 
Many species, particularly (but not always) Eastern Australian species, are notable for their hardiness, to the point they have become weedy. ''[[Hakea gibbosa]]'', ''[[Hakea sericea|H. sericea]]'' and ''[[Hakea drupacea|H. drupacea]]'' (previously ''H. suaveolens'') have been weeds in [[South Africa]], ''[[Hakea laurina]]'' has become naturalized around [[Adelaide]].
 
Many species, particularly (but not always) Eastern Australian species, are notable for their hardiness, to the point they have become weedy. ''[[Hakea gibbosa]]'', ''[[Hakea sericea|H. sericea]]'' and ''[[Hakea drupacea|H. drupacea]]'' (previously ''H. suaveolens'') have been weeds in [[South Africa]], ''[[Hakea laurina]]'' has become naturalized around [[Adelaide]].
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===Propagation===
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<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
 
===Species===
 
===Species===
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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{{Commons|Hakea}}
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
 
* {{cite book|author=Barker WR, Barker RM, Haegi L|year=1999|chapter=Hakea|editor=Wilson, Annette (ed.)|title=Flora of Australia: Volume 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra|pages=1&ndash;170|publisher=CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study|id=ISBN 0-643-06454-0}}
 
* {{cite book|author=Barker WR, Barker RM, Haegi L|year=1999|chapter=Hakea|editor=Wilson, Annette (ed.)|title=Flora of Australia: Volume 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra|pages=1&ndash;170|publisher=CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study|id=ISBN 0-643-06454-0}}
 
* {{cite book|author=Holliday Ivan |year=2005|title=Hakeas:a field and garden guide|publisher=Reed New Holland|id=ISBN 1-877069-14-0}}
 
* {{cite book|author=Holliday Ivan |year=2005|title=Hakeas:a field and garden guide|publisher=Reed New Holland|id=ISBN 1-877069-14-0}}
 
* {{cite book|author=Young Jennifer |year=2006|title=Hakeas of Western Australia : a field and identification guide|publisher= J.A. Young |id=ISBN 9780958577823}}
 
* {{cite book|author=Young Jennifer |year=2006|title=Hakeas of Western Australia : a field and identification guide|publisher= J.A. Young |id=ISBN 9780958577823}}
  
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==Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
Image:Hakea corymbosa.JPG|''Hakea corymbosa'' from southwest WA
 
Image:Hakea corymbosa.JPG|''Hakea corymbosa'' from southwest WA
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* [http://farrer.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/hakea.html The Hakea Page] of [[Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants|ASGAP]]
 
* [http://farrer.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/hakea.html The Hakea Page] of [[Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants|ASGAP]]
  
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__NOTOC__
 
[[Category:Hakea| ]]
 
[[Category:Hakea| ]]

Latest revision as of 15:40, 23 October 2009


Hakea laurina (Pincushion Hakea)


Plant Characteristics
Height: ⇕ 1 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 1. to 6 m"m" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 6.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ Australia
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Water: ◍ moist, moderate, dry
Features: ✓ evergreen
Sunset Zones: 9, 12-17, 19-24
Scientific Names

Proteaceae >

Hakea >


Hakea (Hakea) is a genus of 149 species of shrubs and small trees in the Proteaceae, native to Australia. They are found throughout the country, with the highest species diversity being found in the south west of Western Australiawp.

They can reach 1-6 m in height, and have spirally arranged leaves 2-20 cm long, simple or compound, sometimes (e.g. H. suaveolens) with the leaflets thin cylindrical and rush-likewp. The flowers are produced in dense flowerheads of variable shape, globose to cylindrical, 3-10 cm long, with numerous small red, yellow, pink, purple, pale blue or white flowerswp.

It is now widely accepted that Grevillea is paraphyletic with respect to Hakea. It is likely, therefore, that Hakea will soon be transferred into Grevilleawp.


Read about Hakea in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Hakea (after Baron von Hake, a German friend of botany). Proteaceae. Australian evergreen shrubs cultivated indoors abroad, much used for ornamental planting in the open in California.

The foliage of the various species of Hakea is exceedingly diverse; in some the lvs. are flat and broad, and then entire or merely toothed, in others they are terete, and then either simple and entire or pinnately parted: fls. in pairs, the pairs commonly crowded in close racemes or globose clusters, these mostly sessile in the lf. axils; corolla-tube slender, usually recurved beneath the limb, which is mostly globose, the 4 lobes cohering long after the tube has opened; lobes concave and bear sessile anthers; the single style either long or short but always dilated at the end: fr. a hard woody caps, opening in 2 valves and bearing 2 compressed winged seeds.—Ninety-five species are fully described in English, with a key in Flora Australiensis 5:489 (1870). Eleven species grown in Calif, are described and discussed, with a key and 8 illustrations in Univ. Calif. Pub. Botany 4:14-20 (1910).

Hakeas are drought-resistant plants which endure moderate frost and are therefore well adapted to the drier parts of the South and Southwest. In California they are grown as far north as Sacramento. One of these, H. laurina, produces strikingly handsome fls.; H. elliptica is prized for the bronze color of its young foliage; while the spiny-leaved species are serviceable for planting in public parks or in any place where it is necessary for shrubs to protect themselves from pedestrians or vandals.

Hakeas may be propagated by cuttings taken from ripened shoots but they are almost universally grown from seeds. These are gathered from year-old capsules which are very hard and must be dried for some time before they will open. The seeds are sown in winter or early spring in the ordinary mixture of sand, leaf-mold, and loam; they germinate easily, even without, heat. The young seedlings are pricked off into boxes and held in the lathhouse for a season before planting in the open. For best results hakeas should be grown in light, well-drained soil and need but little water after they are once established; much moisture is injurious except during the summer months.

H. aquifolia, is a garden name sometimes applied to H. saligna. H. cyclocarpa, Lindl. Foliage as in H. laurina but lvs. and fr. larger, the fl.-heads not involucrate: corolla silky-pubescent. Once offered by Franeeschi.—H. multilineata, Meissn. Related to H. laurina: lf.-veins more numerous: fl.-clusters oblong: fr. only Min. broad. G.C. III. 19:85 (var.). Reported but apparently never intro.—H. nftida, R. Br. Lvs. bright green, oblong, entire or toothed: fls. white, in stalked clusters: fr. 1 in. long by ½ in. broad. B.M. 2246.—H. undulata, R. Br. Lvs. glabrous, obovate or rarely lanceolate: fls. small, in axillary clusters: fr. recurved at base, 1 ½ in. long by ¾ in. broad, distinctly beaked.—H. varia, R. Br. Some lvs. with nearly terete lobes, then resembling H. suavcolena, but varying to flat and holly-like, 1-2 in. long, obscurely veined or veinless. always tapering at the base: fls. in small clusters, the rachia villous, pedicels and small corolla glabrous: fr. ¾ in. long by ½ in. broad. Offered by Franceschi.

Harvey Monroe Hall.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Some showy western species, such as Hakea multilineata, H. francisiana and H. bucculenta, require grafting onto hardy stock such as Hakea salicifolia for growing in more humid climates, as they are sensitive to dieback.

Many species, particularly (but not always) Eastern Australian species, are notable for their hardiness, to the point they have become weedy. Hakea gibbosa, H. sericea and H. drupacea (previously H. suaveolens) have been weeds in South Africa, Hakea laurina has become naturalized around Adelaide.

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

References

  • Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
  • Barker WR, Barker RM, Haegi L (1999). "Hakea". in Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia: Volume 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 1–170. ISBN 0-643-06454-0. 
  • Holliday Ivan (2005). Hakeas:a field and garden guide. Reed New Holland. ISBN 1-877069-14-0. 
  • Young Jennifer (2006). Hakeas of Western Australia : a field and identification guide. J.A. Young. ISBN 9780958577823. 

Gallery

  • Hakea corymbosa from southwest WA

  • Hakea petiolaris from southwest WA

  • Hakea bakeriana from NSW Central Coast

  • Hakea archaeoides, from NSW North Coast

  • Hakea-seed.jpg

    Hakea seed pod, ACT, Aust.

  • Flower of Hakea laurina (Pincushion Hakea) in Bonbeach, Victoria, Australia

External links

Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Hakea&oldid=78621"