Difference between revisions of "Trillium grandiflorum"
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{{SPlantbox | {{SPlantbox | ||
|familia=Trilliaceae | |familia=Trilliaceae | ||
| − | |genus=Trillium | + | |genus=Trillium |
|species=grandiflorum | |species=grandiflorum | ||
| + | |taxo_author=(Michx.) Salisb. | ||
|common_name=Grand trillium, Showy trillium | |common_name=Grand trillium, Showy trillium | ||
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
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|Max wd metric=in | |Max wd metric=in | ||
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| + | |lifespan=perennial | ||
| + | |life_ref=Wikipedia | ||
|exposure=part-sun, shade | |exposure=part-sun, shade | ||
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
|max_zone=9 | |max_zone=9 | ||
| − | |image= | + | |image=Trillium grandiflorum pink1.jpg |
|image_width=240 | |image_width=240 | ||
| + | |image_caption=Trillium grandiflorum forma roseum | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | + | '''''Trillium grandiflorum''''', commonly known as '''white trillium''', '''great white trillium''', '''white wake-robin''', or in [[French language|French]] as '''''trille blanc''''', is a perennial [[monocot]]yledonous plant in the [[Liliaceae|lily family]]. It is native to eastern [[North America]]. The plant is most common in rich deciduous and mixed upland forests. It is easily recognised by its attractive three-petaled white flowers, opening from the late spring to the early summer, that rise above a whorl of three, leaf-like [[bract]]s. | |
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| − | | | + | Some [[form (biology)|forms]] of the species have pink instead of white petals, while others with extra petals, also called "double" forms, are naturally quite common in the species, and these are especially popular with ''Trillium'' gardeners. In fact, the species is the most popular of its genus in cultivation, which has led to conservation concerns due to the majority of commercially available plants being collected from the wild. A few regional governments in Canada and the United States have declared the plant vulnerable as a result. |
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| − | + | ==Description== | |
| − | | | + | ''T. grandiflorum'' is a perennial that grows from a short [[rhizome]] and produces a single, showy white [[flower]] atop a whorl of three leaves. <!--(Commented out as will possibly reuse in an improved [[Trillium]] article) These leaves are often called [[bract]]s as the "stem" is then considered a [[peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] (the rhizome is the stem proper, aboveground shoots of a rhizome are branches or peduncles); the distinction between bracts (found on pedicels or peduncles) and leaves (borne on stems or branches) is mostly semantic.<ref>Case & Case, ''Trilliums'', p. 21–23.</ref>--> These leaves are [[leaf shape|ovate]] (i.e. egg-shaped) in outline with pointed tips. They lack [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]s (or have extremely short ones) and measure 12–20 cm long by 8–15 cm wide (5-8 in long by 3-6 in width), with very prominently engraved venation. The leaves and the stem share a dark green color and persist into autumn. Leaves and petals both have somewhat undulate margins, the leaves often much more strongly so. Individuals grow to between about 15 and 30 centimeters tall (6-12 inches).<ref name="case104"/><ref name="flora">{{Citation | last =Case | first =Frederick W. | contribution =Trillium grandiflorum | year =2002 | title =Flora of North America online | volume =26 | pages =99 | contribution-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101995 | place=New York & Oxford | publisher =Oxford University Press}}</ref> A single rootstock will often form [[clonal colonies]], which can become very large and dense.<ref>Case & Case, ''Trilliums'', p. 50.</ref> |
| − | | | + | [[File:White Trillium Trillium grandiflorum Leaf Closeup 2500px.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Detail of a leafy [[bract]] showing engraved venation]] |
| − | | | + | The erect, odorless flowers are large, especially compared to other species of ''Trillium'', with 4 to 7 cm (1.5 to 2.7 in) long [[petal]]s, depending on age and vigor. The petals are shaped much like the leaves and curve outward. They have a visible venation, though this is nowhere near as marked as on the leaves. Their overlapping bases and curve give the flower a distinctive [[funnel]] shape. Between the veined petals, three acuminate (ending with a long point) [[sepal]]s are visible; they are usually a paler shade of green than the leaves, and are sometimes streaked with maroon. Flowers are perched on a [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] (i.e. flower stalk) raising them above the leaf whorl, and grow pinker as they age.<ref name="case104">Case & Case, ''Trilliums'', pp. 104-105.</ref><ref name=flora/> |
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| − | + | Flowers have six [[stamen]]s in two whorls of three, which [[marcescence|persist]] after fruiting. The [[Gynoecium|style]]s are white and very short compared to the 9–27 mm (0.5–1 in) [[anther]]s, which are pale yellow but becomes a brighter shade when liberating [[pollen]] due to the latter's color. The [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]] is six-sided with 3 greenish-white stigmas that are at first weakly attached, but fuse higher up. The fruit is a green, mealy and moist orb, and is vaguely six-sided like the ovary.<ref name="case104"/><ref name=flora/> | |
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{{Inc| | {{Inc| | ||
| − | + | Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. Stout, 1 ft. or more high: lvs. broad-ovate or rhombic-ovate, narrowed to both ends, often wavy: fls. erect or nearly so, pure white, changing to rosy pink as they fade, 2-3 in. long, the petals broadly oblanceolate and spreading and much longer than the sepals. Que. to Minn., Fla., and Mo. T. grandiflorum is the best and handsomest species for cult. Var. roseum, Hort. (T. roseum, Hort.), is a form with pink fls. | |
| − | Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb | ||
{{SCH}} | {{SCH}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
| − | + | <gallery perrow=5> | |
| − | + | File:Double Trillium grandiflorum.jpg|Double flowered | |
| − | + | File:White Trillium Trillium grandiflorum Flower 2613px.jpg | |
| − | + | File:White Trillium Trillium grandiflorum Leaf Closeup 2500px.JPG | |
| − | + | File:White Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum).png | |
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</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:40, 1 May 2010
| Habit | herbaceous
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 18 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 18. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 20 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 20. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Bloom: | ❀ | early summer, mid summer, late summer |
| Exposure: | ☼ | part-sun, shade |
|---|---|---|
| Features: | ✓ | flowers |
| USDA Zones: | 5 to 9 | |
| Flower features: | ❀ | red, pink, white |
|
Trillium > |
Trillium grandiflorum, commonly known as white trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, or in French as trille blanc, is a perennial monocotyledonous plant in the lily family. It is native to eastern North America. The plant is most common in rich deciduous and mixed upland forests. It is easily recognised by its attractive three-petaled white flowers, opening from the late spring to the early summer, that rise above a whorl of three, leaf-like bracts.
Some forms of the species have pink instead of white petals, while others with extra petals, also called "double" forms, are naturally quite common in the species, and these are especially popular with Trillium gardeners. In fact, the species is the most popular of its genus in cultivation, which has led to conservation concerns due to the majority of commercially available plants being collected from the wild. A few regional governments in Canada and the United States have declared the plant vulnerable as a result.
Description
T. grandiflorum is a perennial that grows from a short rhizome and produces a single, showy white flower atop a whorl of three leaves. These leaves are ovate (i.e. egg-shaped) in outline with pointed tips. They lack petioles (or have extremely short ones) and measure 12–20 cm long by 8–15 cm wide (5-8 in long by 3-6 in width), with very prominently engraved venation. The leaves and the stem share a dark green color and persist into autumn. Leaves and petals both have somewhat undulate margins, the leaves often much more strongly so. Individuals grow to between about 15 and 30 centimeters tall (6-12 inches).[1][2] A single rootstock will often form clonal colonies, which can become very large and dense.[3]
The erect, odorless flowers are large, especially compared to other species of Trillium, with 4 to 7 cm (1.5 to 2.7 in) long petals, depending on age and vigor. The petals are shaped much like the leaves and curve outward. They have a visible venation, though this is nowhere near as marked as on the leaves. Their overlapping bases and curve give the flower a distinctive funnel shape. Between the veined petals, three acuminate (ending with a long point) sepals are visible; they are usually a paler shade of green than the leaves, and are sometimes streaked with maroon. Flowers are perched on a pedicel (i.e. flower stalk) raising them above the leaf whorl, and grow pinker as they age.[1][2]
Flowers have six stamens in two whorls of three, which persist after fruiting. The styles are white and very short compared to the 9–27 mm (0.5–1 in) anthers, which are pale yellow but becomes a brighter shade when liberating pollen due to the latter's color. The ovary is six-sided with 3 greenish-white stigmas that are at first weakly attached, but fuse higher up. The fruit is a green, mealy and moist orb, and is vaguely six-sided like the ovary.[1][2]
Read about Trillium grandiflorum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. Stout, 1 ft. or more high: lvs. broad-ovate or rhombic-ovate, narrowed to both ends, often wavy: fls. erect or nearly so, pure white, changing to rosy pink as they fade, 2-3 in. long, the petals broadly oblanceolate and spreading and much longer than the sepals. Que. to Minn., Fla., and Mo. T. grandiflorum is the best and handsomest species for cult. Var. roseum, Hort. (T. roseum, Hort.), is a form with pink fls. CH
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Cultivation
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Propagation
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Pests and diseases
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Species
Gallery
Double flowered
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References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Trillium grandiflorum. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Trillium grandiflorum QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
